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| == Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_50291" /> ==
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| <p> <strong> [[Chiun]] </strong> . Amos 5:26 (see Rephan, Siccuth). As shown by the appositional phrase ‘your god-star,’ this name refers to the Assyr. [Note: Assyrian.] <em> Kaiwanu </em> , the planet [[Saturn]] (= Ninib, war-god), whose temple, [[Bit]] Ninib, in the province of [[Jerusalem]] is mentioned by the [[Egyptian]] governors of this city as early as b.c. 1450. The translation of the word as an appellative (‘pedestal’) by some is due to the vocalization of the Massoretes, who are supposed to have considered it a common noun. However, it is far more probable that they, conscious of its reference, substituted for the original vowels those of the word <em> shiqqûts </em> (‘abomination’) an epithet often applied to strange gods. </p> <p> N. Koenig. </p>
| | Chiun <ref name="term_2407" /> |
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| | <p> ''''' kı̄´un ''''' : Thus [[Hebrew]] כּיּוּן , <i> ''''' kı̄yūn ''''' </i> , is transliterated in Amos 5:26 the King James Version. The vowels represent an assimilation to some such word as <i> ''''' shiḳḳūc ''''' </i> , "detestable thing," or <i> ''''' gillūl ''''' </i> , "idol" (properly "a filthy thing"), in consonance with the well-known habit of the punctuators (compare מלך , <i> ''''' mōlekh ''''' </i> , [[Molech]] with the vowels of בּשׁת , <i> ''''' bōsheth ''''' </i> , "shame"). The [[Syriac]] version has preserved the correct vocalization; apparently also the Septuagint, albeit the consonants have suffered corruption (so particularly in the Greek manuscripts of Acts 7:43 ). There can be no doubt that we should vocalize כּיון , <i> ''''' kēwān ''''' </i> = the [[Assyrian]] Kai(a)-wanu = Kaiamanu by which at least in late [[Babylonian]] [[Saturn]] was indicated. The passage in Amos refers to the Saturn worship which appears to have been in vogue in the prophet's days. The [[Israelites]] shall carry with them into exile the images of their gods (render with the margin of the Revised Version (British and American): "Yea, ye shall take up," etc.). The received vocalization is as old as [[Aquila]] and Symmachus. </p> |
| == American Tract Society Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_15704" /> ==
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| <p> The name of an idol worshipped by the [[Israelites]] in the desert, Amos 5:26 Acts 7:43 . It was most probably the planet Saturn, worshipped by eastern nations as an evil spirit to be propitiated by sacrifices. See [[Remphan]] . </p> | | == References == |
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| == Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_72154" /> ==
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| <p> '''Chi'un.''' ''(A Statue,'' perhaps of Saturn '').'' An idol made by the Israelites, in the wilderness. ''See '' [[Remphan]] ''.'' </p>
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| == Morrish Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_65415" /> ==
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| <p> A heathen god. Amos 5:26 . Supposed by some to be the same as REMPHANin Acts 7:43 . </p>
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| == Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_39385" /> ==
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| Amos 5:26 <i> kiyun </i> <i> siqquts </i> <i> [[Kaiwan]] </i> [[Sikkuth]]
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| == People's Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_69919" /> ==
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| <p> '''Chiun.''' Amos 5:26. An idol. See Remphan. </p>
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| == Easton's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_31093" /> ==
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| Amos 5:26 Acts 7:43
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| == Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_34945" /> ==
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| <p> (See [[Remphan]] .) </p>
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| == Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_32192" /> ==
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| <p> (Hebrews Kiyun '''''´''''' , '''''כַּיּוּן''''' ), a word that occurs only once in the Scriptures, and that in an obscure and variously-interpreted passage ( Amos 5:26), "But ye have borne the tabernacle of your [[Moloch]] and ''Chiun,'' your images, the star of your god, which ye made to yourselves." The Sept. translates it as a proper name, ''Rhephanz'' ( '''''῾Ραιφάν''''' or '''''῾Ρηφάν''''' , which became still further corrupted into '''''῾Ρεμφάν''''' ), and it is quoted in that form by [[Stephen]] ( Acts 7:43). (See Remphan). The [[Syriac]] translates it by ''Saturn,'' whom the Shemitic nations are known to have worshipped. But it apparently is not a proper name at all, being derived from the root '''''כּוּן''''' , kun, to [[Stand]] upright, and therefore signifies simply a [[Statue]] or idol, as the [[Vulgate]] renders it (in connection with the following word), ''"Imaginemn'' idolorum vestrum." The same is probably true of the word rendered "Moloch" in the same passage, so that the whole may be translated (with Gesenius), "Ye bore the tabernacle of your ''King,'' and the statue of your ''Idols,'' the star of your god which ye made to yourselves;" referring not to any specific deity by name, but to the secret idolatrous practices which the [[Jews]] kept up along with the worship connected with the divine ark in the wilderness, and which reappeared in different forms from time to time in their later history. (See [[Calf]]). Yet, as a "star" is mentioned, it has naturally been inferred that the worship of some [[Planet]] is alluded to, and this [[Jerome]] supposed to be [[Lucifer]] or Venus. Layard thinks the name identical with that of the Egyptian goddess Ken, figured on the Egyptian and [[Assyrian]] monuments in the character of [[Astarte]] or [[Venus]] (Nineveh, 2:169); but he admits that her worship was borrowed from [[Assyria]] into Egypt at a period later than the Exodus (p. 170). On the whole, the above supposition that the planet Saturn is intended is the most plausible, although this interpretation cannot be successfully defended merely from the name, either in the form Chium or Remphan. (See Mains, in his Select. Exercitt. 1:763 sq.; Jahr, De Chiun [Viteb. 1705]; Harenberg, De idolis Chiun et Remphan [Brunsw. 1723]; Meyer, De sacello et basi idolor. etc. [ad loc.], [Helmst. 1726]; Wolf, De Chiun et Remphan [Lips. 1741]; Braun, Selecta Sacra, p. 477 sq.) (See Saturn). </p> | |
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| == Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature <ref name="term_15280" /> ==
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| <p> Chi´un [REMPHAN] </p>
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| ==References == | |
| <references> | | <references> |
| | | <ref name="term_2407"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/chiun+(1) Chiun from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref> |
| <ref name="term_50291"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-bible/chiun Chiun from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible]</ref> | |
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| <ref name="term_15704"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/american-tract-society-bible-dictionary/chiun Chiun from American Tract Society Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_72154"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/smith-s-bible-dictionary/chiun Chiun from Smith's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_65415"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/morrish-bible-dictionary/chiun Chiun from Morrish Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_39385"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/holman-bible-dictionary/chiun Chiun from Holman Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_69919"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/people-s-dictionary-of-the-bible/chiun Chiun from People's Dictionary of the Bible]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_31093"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/easton-s-bible-dictionary/chiun Chiun from Easton's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_34945"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/fausset-s-bible-dictionary/chiun Chiun from Fausset's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_32192"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/chiun Chiun from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_15280"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/kitto-s-popular-cyclopedia-of-biblial-literature/chiun Chiun from Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature]</ref>
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| </references> | | </references> |
