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<p> '''''an''''' -'''''dro''''' -'''''nı̄´kus''''' ( Ἀνδρόνικος , <i> '''''Andrónikos''''' </i> ): </p> <p> (1) A deputy of [[Antiochus]] Epiphanes, who, while ruling at Antioch, excited the Jews by the murder of Onias, and, upon their formal complaint, was executed by his superior (2 Macc 4:32-38); generally distinguished from another officer of the same name, also under Antiochus (2 Macc 5:23). </p> <p> (2) A kinsman of Paul, residing at Rome ( Romans 16:7 ). He had been converted to [[Christianity]] before Paul, and, like Paul, had suffered imprisonment, although when and where can only be surmised. When he and Junias, another kinsman of Paul, are referred to as "of note among the apostles," this may be interpreted as either designating the high esteem in which they were held by the Twelve, or as reckoning them in the number of apostles. The latter is the sense, if "apostle" be understood here in the more general meaning, used in Acts 14:14 of Barnabas, in 2 Corinthians 8:23 of Titus, in Philippians 2:25 of Epaphroditus, and in the <i> [[Didache]] </i> of "the traveling evangelists or missionaries who preached the gospel from place to place" (Schaff, <i> The Teaching of the Twelve [[Apostles]] </i> , 67; see also Lightfoot on <i> Philippians </i> , 196). On this assumption, [[Andronicus]] was one of the most prominent and successful of the traveling missionaries of the early church. </p> | |||
== American Tract Society Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_15501" /> == | |||
<p> A [[Jewish]] Christian, and fellow-prisoner of Paul, Romans 16:7 . </p> | |||
== Easton's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_30249" /> == | |||
Romans 16:7 <p> </p> | |||
== Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_34299" /> == | |||
<p> A [[Christian]] at Rome, saluted by Paul ( Romans 16:7). He and [[Junia]] were Paul's "kinsmen" (or the [[Greek]] may mean "fellow countrymen," Romans 16:11-21) "and fellow prisoners, of note among the apostles" (in the wider sense than the Twelve: Acts 14:4; Acts 14:14; 2 Corinthians 8:23; 1 Thessalonians 2:6), "and in Christ" (by faith) "before" him. [[Bishop]] of [[Pannonia]] subsequently, says "Hippolytus." </p> | |||
== Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_38310" /> == | |||
Romans 16:7[[Apostles]] <p> </p> | |||
== Hitchcock's Bible Names <ref name="term_45076" /> == | |||
== Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_49206" /> == | |||
<p> <strong> ANDRONICUS </strong> . A [[Christian]] greeted by St. Paul ( Romans 16:7 ) as a ‘kinsman,’ <em> i.e. </em> as a fellow-countryman (cf. Romans 9:3; Romans 16:11; Romans 16:21 ), who had been imprisoned for Christ; distinguished as an [[Apostle]] (in the largest sense of the name), and a believer from early days, having perhaps come to Rome after the persecution of Acts 11:19 ). </p> <p> A. J. Maclean. </p> | |||
== Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament <ref name="term_55069" /> == | |||
<p> ( Ἀνδρόνικος, a [[Greek]] name) </p> <p> Saluted by St. Paul in Romans 16:7, his name being coupled with that of Junias or Junia.* <sup> [Note: It is impossible, as this name occurs in the accus, case, to determine whether it is masculine or feminine. See art. Junias.] </sup> (1) The pair are described as ‘my kinsmen’ ( τοὺς συγγενεῖς μου), by which may be meant fellow-Jews ( Romans 9:5), possibly members of the same tribe, almost certainly not relatives. This last interpretation has given rise to one of the difficulties felt in deciding the destination of these salutations. Another ‘kinsman’ saluted is [[Herodion]] (v. 11), and salutations are sent from three ‘kinsmen’ in v. 21. The only relative of St. Paul known to us is a nephew ( Acts 23:16). </p> <p> (2) [[Andronicus]] and Junia(s) are also described as ‘my fellow-prisoners’ ( συναιχμαλώτους μου, lit. <sup> [Note: literally, literature.] </sup> ‘prisoners of war’). The meaning may be that they had actually shared imprisonment with St. Paul (the only imprisonment up to this time known to us was the short confinement at [[Philippi]] [ Acts 16:23, but see 2 Corinthians 11:23]). Possibly they may not have suffered imprisonment with the [[Apostle]] at the same time and place; but, as enduring persecution for Christ’s sake, they were in that sense ‘fellow-prisoners.’ The only other mention of ‘fellow-prisoner’ is in a description of [[Aristarchus]] ( Colossians 4:10) and [[Epaphras]] ( Philemon 1:23). The meaning in these cases is evidently literal, both sharing the Apostle’s captivity at Rome, whether compulsorily or voluntarily. </p> <p> (3) The pair are further described as ‘of note among the apostles’ ( ἐπίσημοι ἐν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις). Two interpretations of this phrase are possible: ( <i> a </i> ) well-known and honoured by the apostles, ( <i> b </i> ) notable or distinguished as apostles. The latter, although a remarkable expression (and all the more so if the second name is that of a woman), is probably to be preferred. This makes Andronicus and Junia(s) apostles in the wider sense of delegated missionaries (see Lightfoot, <i> Gal </i> . 5, 1876, p. 92ff. and note on p. 96), </p> <p> (4) Lastly, Andronicus and Junia(s) are said to have been ‘in [[Christ]] before me’ ( οἳ καὶ πρὸ ἐμοῦ γέγοναν ἐν χριστῷ), <i> i.e. </i> they had become [[Christians]] before the conversion of Saul. [[Seniority]] of faith was of importance in the Apostolic Church. It brought honour, and it may have also brought responsibility and obligation to serve on behalf of the community (cf. Clement, <i> Ep </i> . 42; and see 1 Corinthians 16:15 f.; also article Epaenetus). Note the prominence given to [[Mnason]] ( <i> q.v. [Note: quod vide, which see.] </i> ) as an ‘early’ or ‘original’ disciple in Acts 21:16. </p> <p> The name Andronicus occurs in inscriptions belonging to the Imperial household (see Sanday-Headlam, <i> Romans </i> <sup> 5 </sup> , 1902, p. 422). </p> <p> T. B. Allworthy. </p> | |||
== Morrish Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_64469" /> == | |||
<p> [[Kinsman]] of Paul at Rome, who with [[Junia]] were his fellow prisoners, and of whom he said they were in [[Christ]] before him. Romans 16:7 . </p> | |||
== Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_71259" /> == | |||
<p> Androni'cus. (man-conqueror). </p> <p> 1. An officer left as viceroy, 2 [[Maccabees]] 4:31, in [[Antioch]] by [[Antiochus]] [[Epiphanes]] during his absence. 2 Maccabees 4:31-38. (B.C. 171). </p> <p> 2. Another officer of Antiochus Epiphanes who was left by him on Garizem. 2 Maccabees 5:23. </p> <p> 3. A [[Christian]] at Rome, saluted by St. Paul, Romans 16:7, together with Junia. </p> | |||
== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_1025" /> == | |||
<p> '''''an''''' -'''''dro''''' -'''''nı̄´kus''''' ( Ἀνδρόνικος , <i> '''''Andrónikos''''' </i> ): </p> <p> (1) A deputy of [[Antiochus]] Epiphanes, who, while ruling at Antioch, excited the Jews by the murder of Onias, and, upon their formal complaint, was executed by his superior (2 Macc 4:32-38); generally distinguished from another officer of the same name, also under Antiochus (2 Macc 5:23). </p> <p> (2) A kinsman of Paul, residing at Rome ( Romans 16:7 ). He had been converted to [[Christianity]] before Paul, and, like Paul, had suffered imprisonment, although when and where can only be surmised. When he and Junias, another kinsman of Paul, are referred to as "of note among the apostles," this may be interpreted as either designating the high esteem in which they were held by the Twelve, or as reckoning them in the number of apostles. The latter is the sense, if "apostle" be understood here in the more general meaning, used in Acts 14:14 of Barnabas, in 2 Corinthians 8:23 of Titus, in Philippians 2:25 of Epaphroditus, and in the <i> [[Didache]] </i> of "the traveling evangelists or missionaries who preached the gospel from place to place" (Schaff, <i> The Teaching of the Twelve [[Apostles]] </i> , 67; see also Lightfoot on <i> Philippians </i> , 196). On this assumption, [[Andronicus]] was one of the most prominent and successful of the traveling missionaries of the early church. </p> | |||
== Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature <ref name="term_14984" /> == | |||
<p> Andronicus, 1 </p> <p> Andron´icus, the regent-governor of [[Antioch]] in the absence of [[Antiochus]] Epiphanes, who, at the instigation of Menelaus, put to death the deposed high-priest Onias; for which deed he was himself ignominiously slain on the return of Antiochus (2 [[Maccabees]] 4) B.C. 169. </p> <p> Andronicus, 2 </p> <p> Andronicus, a [[Jewish]] Christian, the kinsman and fellow-prisoner of Paul ( Romans 16:7). </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> | |||
== Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_19942" /> == | |||
<p> ( Ἀνδρόνικος , man-conquering) , the name (frequent among the Greeks) of several men in [[Scripture]] history. </p> <p> 1. An officer left as viceroy ( διαδεχόμενος , 2 [[Maccabees]] 4:31) in [[Antioch]] by [[Antiochus]] [[Epiphanes]] during his absence (B.C. 171). [[Menelaus]] availed himself of the opportunity to secure his Lrood offices by offering him some golden vessels which he had taken from the temple. When [[Onias]] III (q.v.) was certainly assured that the sacrilege had been committed, he sharply reproved Menelaus for the crime, having previously taken refuge in the sanctuary of [[Apollo]] and [[Artemis]] at Daphne. At the instigation of Menelaus, [[Andronicus]] induced Onias to leave the sanctuary, and immediately put him to death in prison ( παρέκλεισεν, 2 Maccabees 4:34?) This murder excited general indignation; and on the return of Antiochus, Andronicus was publicly degraded and executed (2 Maccabees 4:3038), B.C. 169. [[Josephus]] places the death of Onias before the high- priesthood of [[Jason]] (Ant. 12, 5, 1), and omits all mention of Andronicus; but there is not sufficient reason to doubt the truthfulness of the narrative in 2 Maccabees, as Wernsdorf has done (De fide libr. Macc. p. 90 sq.). — Smith, s.v. </p> <p> 2. Another officer of Antiochus Epiphanes who was left by him on [[Gerizim]] ( 2 Maccabees 5:23), probably in occupation of the temple there. As the name was common, it seems unreasonable to identify this general with the former one, and so to introduce a contradiction into the history (Ewald, Gesch. d. Volkes Isr. 4, 335 n.; comp. Grimm, 2 Maccabees 4:38). He was possibly the same with the Andronicus, son of Messalamus, mentioned by Josephus ( Ant. 13, 3, 4) as having convinced [[Ptolemy]] (Philometor) of the orthodoxy of the temple at [[Jerusalem]] in opposition to that of the Samaritans. </p> <p> 3. A [[Jewish]] Christian, the kinsman and fellow-prisoner of Paul, who speaks of him as having been converted to [[Christianity]] before himself, and as now enjoying the high regards of the apostles for his usefulness ( Romans 16:7), A.D. 55. According to Hippolytus, he became bishop of Pannonia; according to Dorotheus, of Spain. See the treatises of Bose, De Andronico et Junio (Lips. 1742); Orlog, De Romanis quibus Paulus epistolam misit (Hafn. 1722). </p> <p> the name of several saints commemorated in various early calendars: </p> <p> (1) saint, April 5 (Bede); </p> <p> (2) May 13 (Jerome); </p> <p> (3) "apostle," with [[Junia]] ( Romans 16:2), May 17 (Byzant.); finding of relics, Feb. 22 (ibid.); </p> <p> (4) Sept. 27 (Jerome); </p> <p> (5) "holy father," Oct. 9 (Byzant.); </p> <p> (6) martyr, Oct. 10 (Jerome), Oct. 11 (old Rom.), Oct. 12 (Byzant.). </p> <p> (See [[Andronicians]]). </p> | |||
==References == | |||
<references> | |||
<ref name="term_15501"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/american-tract-society-bible-dictionary/andronicus Andronicus from American Tract Society Bible Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_30249"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/easton-s-bible-dictionary/andronicus Andronicus from Easton's Bible Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_34299"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/fausset-s-bible-dictionary/andronicus Andronicus from Fausset's Bible Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_38310"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/holman-bible-dictionary/andronicus Andronicus from Holman Bible Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_45076"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hitchcock-s-bible-names/andronicus Andronicus from Hitchcock's Bible Names]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_49206"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-bible/andronicus Andronicus from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_55069"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-new-testament/andronicus Andronicus from Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_64469"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/morrish-bible-dictionary/andronicus Andronicus from Morrish Bible Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_71259"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/smith-s-bible-dictionary/andronicus Andronicus from Smith's Bible Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_1025"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/andronicus Andronicus from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_14984"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/kitto-s-popular-cyclopedia-of-biblial-literature/andronicus Andronicus from Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_19942"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/andronicus Andronicus from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref> | |||
</references> | |||
