Difference between revisions of "Achzib"

<p> <strong> [[Achzib]] </strong> . <strong> 1 </strong> . A town in [[Asher]] (&nbsp; Joshua 19:29 ), from which the natives could not be dislodged (&nbsp; Judges 1:31 ): it lay on the coast between [[Acre]] and Tyre. The early geographers called it <em> Ekdippa </em> ; now <em> ez-Zib </em> . <strong> 2 </strong> . In the S. of the [[Shephelah]] (&nbsp; Joshua 15:44 ), near Mareshah. &nbsp; Micah 1:14 predicts that <em> Achzib </em> shall be to the kings of Judah <em> achzab </em> (‘deceptive’), a stream whose waters fail when most needed (cf. &nbsp; Jeremiah 15:18 ). </p> <p> J. Taylor. </p>

<p> '''1.''' In Judah, in the shephelah or plain country of Judah on the western borderland toward the [[Philistines]] and the sea; the Chezib of &nbsp;Genesis 38:5; &nbsp;Joshua 15:44; &nbsp;Micah 1:14, where the meaning of the name ("a lie") is alluded to. </p> <p> '''2.''' In Asher, but, like [[Accho]] and Sidon, never wrested from the aboriginal Phoenicians (&nbsp;Judges 1:31). Ten miles N. of Acre, on the Mediterranean; considered on the return from [[Babylon]] the northernmost boundary of the [[Holy]] Land. Now ''Es-Zib'' . </p>

<p> '''Achzib''' (''Ăk'Zib'' ), ''Deceit.'' 1. &nbsp;Joshua 19:29. A city of the tribe of Asher. &nbsp;Judges 1:31. Its present name is Zib. It is found near the sea coast, ten or twelve miles north of Ptolemais, and was visited by Buckingham in 1816. 2. &nbsp;Joshua 15:44, and &nbsp;Micah 1:14. A town of Judah. </p>

<p> (Heb. Akzib'. אֶכְזַּיב, ''Falsehood;'' Sept. Ἀχζείβ, but in Mic. μάταιος and Vulg. maendacium), the name of two places, sometimes Latinized Aczib. </p> <p> '''1.''' A town in the plain of Judah, adjoining the Highlands, mentioned between Keilah and [[Mareshah]] (&nbsp;Joshua 15:44). It appears to have proved faithless to the national cause on the [[Assyrian]] invasion (&nbsp;Micah 1:14); hence this passage contains a play on the name: "the houses of Achzib (אֶכְזַּיב ) shall be a lie (אִכְזִב )." It is probably the same as the CHEZIB (See Chezib) in [[Canaan]] where [[Shelah]] was born (&nbsp;Genesis 38:5), and perhaps also the CHOZEBA (See Chozeba) where his descendants were finally located (&nbsp;1 Chronicles 4:22). In the time of Eusebius, ''Onomast.'' s.v. X ασβεί ) it was a deserted village near [[Eleutheropolis]] toward Adullam. From the associated localities, also, it appears to have been situated not far north-east of the former. </p> <p> '''2.''' A maritime city assigned to the tribe of Asher (&nbsp;Joshua 19:29), but from which the [[Israelites]] were never able to expel the Phoenicians (&nbsp;Judges 1:31). According to [[Eusebius]] ''(Onom.'' s.v. Ἀχζίφ ) it was 9 (according to the ''Jerusalem Itinerary'' 12) Roman miles north of Accho or Ptolemais. In the [[Talmud]] ''(Shebiith,'' 6, 1; ''Challah,'' 4, 8) it is called [[Kezib]] (כְּזיב )'','' and in later times ''Ecdippa'' (τὰ ῎Εκδιππα, Josephus, ''War,'' 1, 13, 4; Ptolmy 5:15; Pliny, 5:17), from the Aramaean pronunciation (אֶכַדּיב ). [[Josephus]] also ''(Ant.'' 5, 1, 22) gives the name as ''Arce'' or ''Actippus'' (Ἀρκὴ . . . .ἡ καὶ Ἀκτιπούς )''.'' </p> <p> In the vicinity (at the mouth of the Nahr Herdawil, comp. Wilson, Lands of the Bible, 2, 233) was the Casale Huberti of the Crusaders (Ritter, Erdk. 16, 782). It was first identified by Maundrell (Journey, March 21) in the modern es-Zib (comp. Vit. Salad. p. 98), on the Mediterranean coast, about ten miles north of Acre (Robinson's Researches, 3, Append. p. 133; new ed. 3, 628). It stands on an ascent close by the sea-side, overhanging the ancient Roman road, and is a small place with a few palm-trees rising above the dwellings (Pococke, East, 2, 115; Richter, Wallf. p. 70; Irby and Mangles, p. 196; Buckingham, Palest. 1, 99; Legh, in Machmichael's Journey, p. 250; De Saulcy's Narrative, 1, 66; comp. Lightfoot, Opp. 2, 219; Fuller, Miscel. p. 4, 15; Cellarii Notit. 2, 481; Reland, Paloest. p. 544; Gesenius, Thes. Heb p. 674). It has evident traces of antiquity, but could never have been a large city (Thomson's Land and Book, 1, 471). </p> <p> of Judah (&nbsp;Joshua 15:44) is regarded by Tristram as the present ''Ain Kezbeh,'' near Beit-Nettif ''(Bible Places,'' p. 43), not meaning, as proposed by Keil ''(Comnment.'' ad loc.), the "place of springs called ''Kussabeh'' with ruins in the neighborhood" (Robinson, ''Bibl. Res.'' ii, ''48),'' which may, perhaps, be included in the group of towns in which Achzib is mentioned (Nezib, Keilah, Mareshah, etc.), although very much south of them; but the spot marked on the Ordnance Map as Ain Kezbeh at the fork of the road five eighths of a mile south-east of Beit-Nettif, which, however, is too far north, being in a different group (Jarmuth, Socoh, etc.). (See [[Tribe Of Judah]]). </p>

<p> '''''ak´zib''''' ( אכזיב , <i> ''''''akhzı̄bh''''' </i> , "lying" or "disappointing"): The name of two towns in Palestine: (1) A town in western Judah in the lowlands, mentioned in connection with Mareshah and Keilah as one of the cities allotted to Judah (&nbsp;Joshua 15:44 ), and in Mic (&nbsp;Joshua 1:14 ), where it suggests play upon its meaning, "deceptive" or "failing," possibly the place having received its name from a winter spring or brook, which failed in summer. It is also called Chezib (כּזיב , <i> '''''kezı̄bh''''' </i> (&nbsp;Genesis 38:5 )), where Judah was at the time of the birth of his son Shelah. In &nbsp;1 Chronicles 4:22 it is called Cozeba, the King James Version "Chozeba" ( כּזבא , <i> '''''kōzēbhā'''''' </i> ), clearly seen to be the same as Achzib, from the places with which it is grouped. (2) It has been identified with the modern <i> '''''‛Ayin''''' </i> - <i> '''''Kezbeh''''' </i> in the valley of Elah, and north of Adullam. </p> <p> (3) Mod <i> Zib </i> [[Septuagint]] variously: &nbsp; Joshua 19:29 , Codex Vaticanus, Ἐχοζόβ , <i> '''''Echozób''''' </i> , Codex Alexandrinus, Ἀχζείφ , <i> '''''Achzeı́ph''''' </i> ; &nbsp;Judges 1:31 , Codex Vaticanus, Ἀσχαζει , <i> '''''Aschendeı́''''' </i> , Greek <i> '''''Ecdippa''''' </i> : A small town some miles north of Acre on the coast. It is mentioned in &nbsp;Joshua 19:29 as falling within the possessions of the tribe of Asher, but they never occupied it, as they did not the neighboring Acre (Acco). The Phoenician inhabitants of the coast were too strongly entrenched to be driven out by a people who had no fleet. The cities on the coast doubtless aided one another, and [[Sidon]] had become rich and powerful before this and could succor such a small town in case of attack. Achzib was a coast town, nine miles north of Acco, now known as Ez-Zib. It appears in the Assyrian inscriptions as Aksibi and [[Sennacherib]] enumerates it among the Phoenician towns that he took at the same times as [[Acco]] (702 bc). It was never important and is now an insignificant village among the sand dunes of the coast. It was the bordertown of [[Galilee]] on the west, what lay beyond being unholy ground. </p>