Difference between revisions of "Heavy; Heaviness"

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== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_4404" /> ==
Heavy; Heaviness <ref name="term_4404" />
<p> ''''' hev´i ''''' , ''''' hev´i ''''' - ''''' nes ''''' ( כּבד , <i> ''''' kābhēdh ''''' </i> , דּאגה , <i> ''''' de'āghāh ''''' </i> ; λύπη , <i> ''''' lúpē ''''' </i> ): </p> 1. Literal <p> [[Heavy]] (heave, to lift) is used literally with respect to material things, as the translation of <i> ''''' kōbhēdh ''''' </i> , "heaviness" (&nbsp; Proverbs 27:3 , "a stone is heavy"); of <i> ''''' kābhēdh ''''' </i> , "to be weighty" (&nbsp;1 Samuel 4:18; &nbsp;2 Samuel 14:26; &nbsp;Lamentations 3:7 ); of <i> ''''' ‛āmaṣ ''''' </i> , "to load" (&nbsp;Isaiah 46:1 the King James Version; compare &nbsp; Matthew 26:43; &nbsp;Mark 14:40; &nbsp;Luke 9:32 , "Their eyes were heavy"); <i> ''''' baréomai ''''' </i> , "to be weighed down." </p> 2. <b> Figuratively </b> <p> It is used (1) for what is hard to bear, oppressive, <i> ''''' kābhēdh ''''' </i> (&nbsp; Exodus 18:18; &nbsp;Numbers 11:14; &nbsp;1 Samuel 5:6 , &nbsp;1 Samuel 5:11; &nbsp;Psalm 38:4; &nbsp;Isaiah 24:20 ); <i> ''''' mōṭāh ''''' </i> , a "yoke" (&nbsp;Isaiah 58:6 , the Revised Version (British and American) "bands of the yoke"); <i> ''''' ḳāsheh ''''' </i> , "sharp," "hard" (&nbsp;1 Kings 14:6 , "heavy tidings"); <i> ''''' barús ''''' </i> , "heavy" (&nbsp;Matthew 23:4 ); (2) for sad, sorrowful (weighed down), mar, "bitter" (&nbsp;Proverbs 31:6 , the Revised Version (British and American) "bitter"); <i> ''''' ra‛ ''''' </i> , "evil" (&nbsp;Proverbs 25:20 ); <i> ''''' adēmonéō ''''' </i> , literally, "to be sated," "wearied," then, "to be very heavy," "dejected" (&nbsp;Matthew 26:37 , of our Lord in Gethsemane, "(he) began to be sorrowful and very heavy," the Revised Version (British and American) "sore troubled"); " <i> ''''' adēmonein ''''' </i> denotes a kind of stupefaction and bewilderment, the intellectual powers reeling and staggering under the pressure of the ideas presented to them" (Mason, <i> The [[Conditions]] of our Lord's Life on Earth </i> ); compare &nbsp;Mark 14:33; (3) morose, sulky, as well as sad, <i> ''''' ṣar ''''' </i> , "sullen," "sour," "angry" (&nbsp;1 Kings 20:43; &nbsp;1 Kings 21:4 , "heavy and displeased"); (4) dull, <i> ''''' kābhēdh ''''' </i> (&nbsp;Isaiah 6:10 , "make their ears heavy"; &nbsp;Isaiah 59:1 , "neither (is) his ear heavy"); (5) "tired" seems to be the meaning in &nbsp;Exodus 17:12 , "Moses' hands were heavy" ( <i> ''''' kābhēdh ''''' </i> ); compare &nbsp;Matthew 26:43 and parallels above. </p> <p> [[Heavily]] is the translation of <i> ''''' kebhēdhuth ''''' </i> , "heaviness" (&nbsp; Exodus 14:25 ), meaning "with difficulty"; of <i> ''''' ḳādhar ''''' </i> , "to be black," "to be a mourner" (&nbsp;Psalm 35:14 the King James Version, the Revised Version (British and American) "I bowed down mourning"); of <i> ''''' kābhēdh ''''' </i> (&nbsp;Isaiah 47:6 ). </p> <p> [[Heaviness]] has always the sense of anxiety, sorrow, grief, etc.; <i> ''''' de'āghāh ''''' </i> , "fear," "dread," "anxious care" (&nbsp; Proverbs 12:25 , "Heaviness in the heart of a man maketh it stoop," the Revised Version margin "or care"); <i> ''''' kēhāh ''''' </i> , "to be feeble," "weak" (&nbsp;Isaiah 61:3 , "the spirit of heaviness"); <i> ''''' pānı̄m ''''' </i> , "face," "aspect" (&nbsp;Job 9:27 the King James Version, "I will leave off my heaviness," the Revised Version (British and American) "(sad) countenance"; compare 2 [[Esdras]] 5:16; The Wisdom of [[Solomon]] 17:4; [[Ecclesiasticus]] 25:23); <i> ''''' ta'ănı̄yāh ''''' </i> , from <i> ''''' 'ānāh ''''' </i> , "to groan," "to sigh" (&nbsp;Isaiah 29:2 , the Revised Version (British and American) "mourning and lamentation"); <i> ''''' tūghāh ''''' </i> , "sadness," "sorrow" (&nbsp;Psalm 119:28; &nbsp;Proverbs 10:1; &nbsp;Proverbs 14:13 ); ה , <i> ''''' ta‛ănı̄th ''''' </i> , "affliction of one's self," "fasting" (&nbsp;Ezra 9:5 , the Revised Version (British and American) "humiliation," margin "fasting"); <i> ''''' katḗpheia ''''' </i> , "dejection," "sorrow" (literally, "of the eyes") (&nbsp;James 4:9 , "your joy (turned) to heaviness"); <i> ''''' lupē ''''' </i> , "grief" (&nbsp;Romans 9:2 , the Revised Version (British and American) "great sorrow"; &nbsp;2 Corinthians 2:1 , the Revised Version (British and American) "sorrow"); <i> ''''' lupéomai ''''' </i> (&nbsp;1 Peter 1:6 , the Revised Version (British and American) "put to grief"); for <i> ''''' nūsh ''''' </i> , "to be sick," "feeble" (&nbsp;Psalm 69:20 , the Revised Version margin "sore sick"), and <i> ''''' adēmoneō ''''' </i> (&nbsp;Philippians 2:26 the Revised Version (British and American) "sore troubled"), the King James Version has "full of heaviness." "Heaviness," in the sense of sorrow, sadness, occurs in 2 Esdras 10:7, 8, 24; [[Tobit]] 2:5; <i> ''''' lupē ''''' </i> (Ecclesiasticus 22:4, the Revised Version (British and American) "grief"; 30:21, "Give not thy soul to heaviness," the Revised Version (British and American) "sorrow"; 1 Macc 6:4); <i> ''''' lupeō ''''' </i> (Ecclesiasticus 30:9, the Revised Version (British and American) "will grieve thee"; <i> ''''' pénthos ''''' </i> (1 Macc 3:51, etc.). </p> <p> The Revised Version has "heavier work" for "more work" (&nbsp;Exodus 5:9 ); "heavy upon men" for "common among men" (&nbsp;Ecclesiastes 6:1 ); for "were heavy loaden" (&nbsp;Isaiah 46:1 ), "are made a load"; for "the burden thereof is heavy" (&nbsp;Isaiah 30:27 ), "in thick rising smoke." </p>
<p> ''''' hev´i ''''' , ''''' hev´i ''''' - ''''' nes ''''' ( כּבד , <i> ''''' kābhēdh ''''' </i> , דּאגה , <i> ''''' de'āghāh ''''' </i> ; λύπη , <i> ''''' lúpē ''''' </i> ): </p> 1. Literal <p> [[Heavy]] (heave, to lift) is used literally with respect to material things, as the translation of <i> ''''' kōbhēdh ''''' </i> , "heaviness" (&nbsp; Proverbs 27:3 , "a stone is heavy"); of <i> ''''' kābhēdh ''''' </i> , "to be weighty" (&nbsp;1 Samuel 4:18; &nbsp;2 Samuel 14:26; &nbsp;Lamentations 3:7 ); of <i> ''''' ‛āmaṣ ''''' </i> , "to load" (&nbsp;Isaiah 46:1 the King James Version; compare &nbsp; Matthew 26:43; &nbsp;Mark 14:40; &nbsp;Luke 9:32 , "Their eyes were heavy"); <i> ''''' baréomai ''''' </i> , "to be weighed down." </p> 2. <b> Figuratively </b> <p> It is used (1) for what is hard to bear, oppressive, <i> ''''' kābhēdh ''''' </i> (&nbsp; Exodus 18:18; &nbsp;Numbers 11:14; &nbsp;1 Samuel 5:6 , &nbsp;1 Samuel 5:11; &nbsp;Psalm 38:4; &nbsp;Isaiah 24:20 ); <i> ''''' mōṭāh ''''' </i> , a "yoke" (&nbsp;Isaiah 58:6 , the Revised Version (British and American) "bands of the yoke"); <i> ''''' ḳāsheh ''''' </i> , "sharp," "hard" (&nbsp;1 Kings 14:6 , "heavy tidings"); <i> ''''' barús ''''' </i> , "heavy" (&nbsp;Matthew 23:4 ); (2) for sad, sorrowful (weighed down), mar, "bitter" (&nbsp;Proverbs 31:6 , the Revised Version (British and American) "bitter"); <i> ''''' ra‛ ''''' </i> , "evil" (&nbsp;Proverbs 25:20 ); <i> ''''' adēmonéō ''''' </i> , literally, "to be sated," "wearied," then, "to be very heavy," "dejected" (&nbsp;Matthew 26:37 , of our Lord in Gethsemane, "(he) began to be sorrowful and very heavy," the Revised Version (British and American) "sore troubled"); " <i> ''''' adēmonein ''''' </i> denotes a kind of stupefaction and bewilderment, the intellectual powers reeling and staggering under the pressure of the ideas presented to them" (Mason, <i> The [[Conditions]] of our Lord's Life on Earth </i> ); compare &nbsp;Mark 14:33; (3) morose, sulky, as well as sad, <i> ''''' ṣar ''''' </i> , "sullen," "sour," "angry" (&nbsp;1 Kings 20:43; &nbsp;1 Kings 21:4 , "heavy and displeased"); (4) dull, <i> ''''' kābhēdh ''''' </i> (&nbsp;Isaiah 6:10 , "make their ears heavy"; &nbsp;Isaiah 59:1 , "neither (is) his ear heavy"); (5) "tired" seems to be the meaning in &nbsp;Exodus 17:12 , "Moses' hands were heavy" ( <i> ''''' kābhēdh ''''' </i> ); compare &nbsp;Matthew 26:43 and parallels above. </p> <p> [[Heavily]] is the translation of <i> ''''' kebhēdhuth ''''' </i> , "heaviness" (&nbsp; Exodus 14:25 ), meaning "with difficulty"; of <i> ''''' ḳādhar ''''' </i> , "to be black," "to be a mourner" (&nbsp;Psalm 35:14 the King James Version, the Revised Version (British and American) "I bowed down mourning"); of <i> ''''' kābhēdh ''''' </i> (&nbsp;Isaiah 47:6 ). </p> <p> [[Heaviness]] has always the sense of anxiety, sorrow, grief, etc.; <i> ''''' de'āghāh ''''' </i> , "fear," "dread," "anxious care" (&nbsp; Proverbs 12:25 , "Heaviness in the heart of a man maketh it stoop," the Revised Version margin "or care"); <i> ''''' kēhāh ''''' </i> , "to be feeble," "weak" (&nbsp;Isaiah 61:3 , "the spirit of heaviness"); <i> ''''' pānı̄m ''''' </i> , "face," "aspect" (&nbsp;Job 9:27 the King James Version, "I will leave off my heaviness," the Revised Version (British and American) "(sad) countenance"; compare 2 [[Esdras]] 5:16; The Wisdom of [[Solomon]] 17:4; [[Ecclesiasticus]] 25:23); <i> ''''' ta'ănı̄yāh ''''' </i> , from <i> ''''' 'ānāh ''''' </i> , "to groan," "to sigh" (&nbsp;Isaiah 29:2 , the Revised Version (British and American) "mourning and lamentation"); <i> ''''' tūghāh ''''' </i> , "sadness," "sorrow" (&nbsp;Psalm 119:28; &nbsp;Proverbs 10:1; &nbsp;Proverbs 14:13 ); ה , <i> ''''' ta‛ănı̄th ''''' </i> , "affliction of one's self," "fasting" (&nbsp;Ezra 9:5 , the Revised Version (British and American) "humiliation," margin "fasting"); <i> ''''' katḗpheia ''''' </i> , "dejection," "sorrow" (literally, "of the eyes") (&nbsp;James 4:9 , "your joy (turned) to heaviness"); <i> ''''' lupē ''''' </i> , "grief" (&nbsp;Romans 9:2 , the Revised Version (British and American) "great sorrow"; &nbsp;2 Corinthians 2:1 , the Revised Version (British and American) "sorrow"); <i> ''''' lupéomai ''''' </i> (&nbsp;1 Peter 1:6 , the Revised Version (British and American) "put to grief"); for <i> ''''' nūsh ''''' </i> , "to be sick," "feeble" (&nbsp;Psalm 69:20 , the Revised Version margin "sore sick"), and <i> ''''' adēmoneō ''''' </i> (&nbsp;Philippians 2:26 the Revised Version (British and American) "sore troubled"), the King James Version has "full of heaviness." "Heaviness," in the sense of sorrow, sadness, occurs in 2 Esdras 10:7, 8, 24; [[Tobit]] 2:5; <i> ''''' lupē ''''' </i> (Ecclesiasticus 22:4, the Revised Version (British and American) "grief"; 30:21, "Give not thy soul to heaviness," the Revised Version (British and American) "sorrow"; 1 Macc 6:4); <i> ''''' lupeō ''''' </i> (Ecclesiasticus 30:9, the Revised Version (British and American) "will grieve thee"; <i> ''''' pénthos ''''' </i> (1 Macc 3:51, etc.). </p> <p> The Revised Version has "heavier work" for "more work" (&nbsp;Exodus 5:9 ); "heavy upon men" for "common among men" (&nbsp;Ecclesiastes 6:1 ); for "were heavy loaden" (&nbsp;Isaiah 46:1 ), "are made a load"; for "the burden thereof is heavy" (&nbsp;Isaiah 30:27 ), "in thick rising smoke." </p>
       
==References ==
<references>


== References ==
<references>
<ref name="term_4404"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/heavy;+heaviness Heavy; Heaviness from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref>
<ref name="term_4404"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/heavy;+heaviness Heavy; Heaviness from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref>
       
</references>
</references>

Latest revision as of 15:17, 16 October 2021

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia [1]

hev´i , hev´i - nes ( כּבד , kābhēdh , דּאגה , de'āghāh  ; λύπη , lúpē ):

1. Literal

Heavy (heave, to lift) is used literally with respect to material things, as the translation of kōbhēdh , "heaviness" (  Proverbs 27:3 , "a stone is heavy"); of kābhēdh , "to be weighty" ( 1 Samuel 4:18;  2 Samuel 14:26;  Lamentations 3:7 ); of ‛āmaṣ , "to load" ( Isaiah 46:1 the King James Version; compare   Matthew 26:43;  Mark 14:40;  Luke 9:32 , "Their eyes were heavy"); baréomai , "to be weighed down."

2. Figuratively

It is used (1) for what is hard to bear, oppressive, kābhēdh (  Exodus 18:18;  Numbers 11:14;  1 Samuel 5:6 ,  1 Samuel 5:11;  Psalm 38:4;  Isaiah 24:20 ); mōṭāh , a "yoke" ( Isaiah 58:6 , the Revised Version (British and American) "bands of the yoke"); ḳāsheh , "sharp," "hard" ( 1 Kings 14:6 , "heavy tidings"); barús , "heavy" ( Matthew 23:4 ); (2) for sad, sorrowful (weighed down), mar, "bitter" ( Proverbs 31:6 , the Revised Version (British and American) "bitter"); ra‛ , "evil" ( Proverbs 25:20 ); adēmonéō , literally, "to be sated," "wearied," then, "to be very heavy," "dejected" ( Matthew 26:37 , of our Lord in Gethsemane, "(he) began to be sorrowful and very heavy," the Revised Version (British and American) "sore troubled"); " adēmonein denotes a kind of stupefaction and bewilderment, the intellectual powers reeling and staggering under the pressure of the ideas presented to them" (Mason, The Conditions of our Lord's Life on Earth ); compare  Mark 14:33; (3) morose, sulky, as well as sad, ṣar , "sullen," "sour," "angry" ( 1 Kings 20:43;  1 Kings 21:4 , "heavy and displeased"); (4) dull, kābhēdh ( Isaiah 6:10 , "make their ears heavy";  Isaiah 59:1 , "neither (is) his ear heavy"); (5) "tired" seems to be the meaning in  Exodus 17:12 , "Moses' hands were heavy" ( kābhēdh ); compare  Matthew 26:43 and parallels above.

Heavily is the translation of kebhēdhuth , "heaviness" (  Exodus 14:25 ), meaning "with difficulty"; of ḳādhar , "to be black," "to be a mourner" ( Psalm 35:14 the King James Version, the Revised Version (British and American) "I bowed down mourning"); of kābhēdh ( Isaiah 47:6 ).

Heaviness has always the sense of anxiety, sorrow, grief, etc.; de'āghāh , "fear," "dread," "anxious care" (  Proverbs 12:25 , "Heaviness in the heart of a man maketh it stoop," the Revised Version margin "or care"); kēhāh , "to be feeble," "weak" ( Isaiah 61:3 , "the spirit of heaviness"); pānı̄m , "face," "aspect" ( Job 9:27 the King James Version, "I will leave off my heaviness," the Revised Version (British and American) "(sad) countenance"; compare 2 Esdras 5:16; The Wisdom of Solomon 17:4; Ecclesiasticus 25:23); ta'ănı̄yāh , from 'ānāh , "to groan," "to sigh" ( Isaiah 29:2 , the Revised Version (British and American) "mourning and lamentation"); tūghāh , "sadness," "sorrow" ( Psalm 119:28;  Proverbs 10:1;  Proverbs 14:13 ); ה , ta‛ănı̄th , "affliction of one's self," "fasting" ( Ezra 9:5 , the Revised Version (British and American) "humiliation," margin "fasting"); katḗpheia , "dejection," "sorrow" (literally, "of the eyes") ( James 4:9 , "your joy (turned) to heaviness"); lupē , "grief" ( Romans 9:2 , the Revised Version (British and American) "great sorrow";  2 Corinthians 2:1 , the Revised Version (British and American) "sorrow"); lupéomai ( 1 Peter 1:6 , the Revised Version (British and American) "put to grief"); for nūsh , "to be sick," "feeble" ( Psalm 69:20 , the Revised Version margin "sore sick"), and adēmoneō ( Philippians 2:26 the Revised Version (British and American) "sore troubled"), the King James Version has "full of heaviness." "Heaviness," in the sense of sorrow, sadness, occurs in 2 Esdras 10:7, 8, 24; Tobit 2:5; lupē (Ecclesiasticus 22:4, the Revised Version (British and American) "grief"; 30:21, "Give not thy soul to heaviness," the Revised Version (British and American) "sorrow"; 1 Macc 6:4); lupeō (Ecclesiasticus 30:9, the Revised Version (British and American) "will grieve thee"; pénthos (1 Macc 3:51, etc.).

The Revised Version has "heavier work" for "more work" ( Exodus 5:9 ); "heavy upon men" for "common among men" ( Ecclesiastes 6:1 ); for "were heavy loaden" ( Isaiah 46:1 ), "are made a load"; for "the burden thereof is heavy" ( Isaiah 30:27 ), "in thick rising smoke."

References

  1. ↑ Heavy; Heaviness from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
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