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| | == The Nuttall Encyclopedia <ref name="term_78988" /> == |
| | <p> A kingdom of SE. Europe, wedged in between [[Russia]] (N.) and [[Bulgaria]] (S.), with an eastern shore on the Black Sea; the [[Carpathians]] on the W. divide it from Austro-Hungary; comprises the old principalities of [[Moldavia]] and Wallachia, which, long subject to Turkey, united under one ruler in 1859, and received their independence in 1878, in which year the province of [[Dobrudja]] was ceded by Russia; in 1881 the combined provinces were recognised as a kingdom; forms a fertile and well-watered plain sloping N. to S., which grows immense quantities of grain, the chief export; salt-mining and petroleum-making are also important industries; the bulk of the people belong to the Greek Church; peasant proprietorship on a large scale is a feature of the national life; government is vested in a hereditary limited monarch, a council of ministers, a senate, and a chamber of deputies; [[Bucharest]] ( <i> q. v </i> .) is the capital, and [[Galatz]] ( <i> q. v </i> .) the chief port. </p> |
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| Roumania <ref name="term_58382" />
| | <ref name="term_78988"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/the-nuttall-encyclopedia/roumania Roumania from The Nuttall Encyclopedia]</ref> |
| <p> comprises 4,598,219 inhabitants belonging to the Greek Church, 115,420 to the Church of Rome, 8803 to the Armenian Church, 7790 to the [[Evangelical]] Church, 401,051 Jews, 25,033 Mohammedans, and 16,058 who call themselves Lipowanians. The Greek Church is the State Church, organized on strictly hierarchical principles. At the head of the clergy is the archbishop or metropolitan and primate of Roumania, at Bucharest, and the archbishop of Moldavia, at Jassy. The lower clergy are educated at seminaries, and supported by the congregation, whereas the higher clergy, from the archbishops to the protopopes, are paid by the state. What is demanded from the lower clergy is the ability of reading the prescribed formularies and performing the ceremonies. The Roman [[Catholic]] Church has two bishops, one at [[Bucharest]] and another at Jassy. The Evangelical congregations, with the exception of that at Bucharest, are in connection with the State Church of Prussia, anti receive their preachers from the Prussian consistory. These congregations have, however, their own government, but are required to send a very careful report through their ministers to the Prussian ecclesiastical authority. At present there exist eight Evangelical congregations at Jassy, Bucharest, Galatz, Braila, Pitesti, Crajova, Turnu-Severin, and Atmadscha (Dobruldscha). Each congregation has its own parochial school, with male and female teachers. The latter are from the Kaiserswert house of deaconesses. See Plitt- Herzog, Real-Encyclop. s.v. (B.P.) </p>
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| == References ==
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| <references>
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| <ref name="term_58382"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/roumania+(2) Roumania from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref>
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| </references> | | </references> |
