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| == Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary <ref name="term_80034" /> ==
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| <p> in the [[Hebrew]] chronology, the eleventh month of the civil year, and the fifth of the ecclesiastical year, which began with Nisan. This month answered to the moon of July, comprehending part of July and August, and contained thirty days. </p> <p> The first day of this month is observed as a fast by the Jews, in memory of Aaron's death; and the ninth, in commemoration of the destruction of the temple by Nebuchadnezzar, in the year before Christ 587. [[Josephus]] observes, that the burning of the temple by [[Nebuchadnezzar]] happened on the same day of the year on which it was afterward burned by Titus. The same day was remarkable for Adrian's edict, which prohibited the [[Jews]] to continue in Judea, or to look toward [[Jerusalem]] and lament its desolation. The eighteenth day is also kept as a fast, because the sacred lamp was extinguished on that night, in the reign of Ahaz. On the twenty-first, or, according to Scaliger, the twenty-second day, was a feast called Xylophoria, from their laying up the necessary wood in the temple: and on the twenty-fourth, a feast in commemoration of the abolishing of a law by the Asmoneans, or Maccabees, which had been introduced by the Sadducees, and which enacted, that both sons and daughters should alike inherit the estate of their parents. </p> | | Ab <ref name="term_368" /> |
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| | <p> (אך or , < i> ''''' ' ābh ''''' </ i> or < i> ''''' ' abh ''''' </ i> , the [[ Hebrew]] and [[ Aramaic]] word for "father") : It is a very common word in the Old Testament; this article notes only certain uses of it. It is used both in the singular and in the plural to denote a grandfather or more remote ancestors ( e. g. Jeremiah 35: 16 , Jeremiah 35: 15 ). The father of a people or tribe is its founder, not, as is frequently assumed, its progenitor. In this sense [[ Abraham]] is father to the [[ Israelites]] ( see, for example, Genesis 17: 11-14 , Genesis 17: 27 ), Isaac and Jacob and the heads of families being fathers in the same modified sense. The cases of Ishmael, Moab, etc. , are similar. The traditional originator of a craft is the father of those who practice the craft ( e.g. Genesis 4: 20 , Genesis 4: 21 , Genesis 4: 22 ) . [[Sennacherib]] uses the term "my fathers" of his predecessors on the throne of Assyria, though these were not his ancestors ( 2 Kings 19: 12 ). The term is used to express worth and affection irrespective of blood relation (e. g. 2 Kings 13:14 ). A ruler or leader is spoken of as a father. God is father . A frequent use of the word is that in the composition of proper names, e.g. Abinadab, "my father is noble." See [[Abi]] . </p> <p> The Aramaic word in its definite form is used three times in the New [[ Testament]] ( Mark 4: 6 ) , the phrase being in each case "Abba Father, " addressed to God. In this phrase the word "Father" is added, apparently, not as a mere translation, nor to indicate that Abba is thought of as a proper name of Deity, but as a term of pleading and of endearment. See also [[Abba]] . </p> |
| == American Tract Society Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_15332" /> ==
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| <p> 1. Father, found in many compound Hebrew proper names: as Abner, father of light; Absalom, father of peace. </p> <p> 2. The fifth month of the sacred, and the eleventh of the civil year among the Jews. It began, according to the latest authorities, with the new moon of August. It was a sad month in the [[Jewish]] calendar. On its first day, a fast was observed for the death of Aaron, Numbers 33:38; and on its ninth, another was held in memory of the divine edicts which excluded so many that came out of Egypt from entering the promised land; and also, of the overthrow of the first and second temple. See [[Month]] . </p>
| | == References == |
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| == Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_71018" /> ==
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| <p> '''Ab.''' ''(Father).'' </p> <p> 1. An element in the composition of many proper names, of which [[Abba]] is a Chaldeaic form, having the sense of "endowed with," "possessed of." </p> <p> 2. ''See '' [[Month]] ''.'' </p>
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| == Webster's Dictionary <ref name="term_81751" /> ==
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| <p> (n.) The fifth month of the Jewish year according to the ecclesiastical reckoning, the eleventh by the civil computation, coinciding nearly with August. </p>
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| == Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_49017" /> ==
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| <p> <strong> AB </strong> . See Time. </p>
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| == Morrish Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_64470" /> ==
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| <p> See [[Months]] </p>
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| == Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_17264" /> ==
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| <p> ( '''''אָב''''' , prob. i. q. "the season of ''Fruit, '''''אָבַב''''' '' '''''מֵרָ''''' to ''Be Fruitful,'' and apparently of [[Syriac]] origin, D'Herbelot, ''Bibl. Orient.'' s.v. comp. ABIB; Josephus, '''''Ἀββά''''' , Ant. 4, 4, 7), the [[Chaldee]] name of the fifth ecclesiastical and eleventh civil month of the Jewish year (Buxtorf, ''Lex. Talm.'' Colossians 2:1-23); a name introduced after the [[Babylonian]] captivity, and not occurring in Scripture, in which this is designated simply as the ''Fifth'' month ( Numbers 33:38; Jeremiah 1:3; Zechariah 7:3, etc.). It corresponded with the [[Macedonian]] month ''Lous ( '''''Λῶος''''' ),'' beginning with the new moon of August, and always containing thirty days. The 1st day is memorable for the death of Aaron ( Numbers 33:38); the 9th is the date (Moses Cozenzis, in Wagenseil's ''Sota,'' p 736) of the exclusion from [[Canaan]] ( Numbers 14:30), and the destruction of the [[Temple]] by Nebuchadnezzar ( Zechariah 7:5; Zechariah 8:19; comp. Reland, ''Antiq. Sacr.'' 4:10; but the 7th day, according to 2 Kings 25:8, where the Syriac and Arabic read 9th; also the 10th, according to Jeremiah 52:12, probably referring to the close of the conflagration, Buxtorf, ''Synog. Judenth.'' 35), and also by Titus (Josephus, ''War,'' 6:4, 5); the 15th was the festival of the Xylophoria, or bringing of wood into the Temple (Bodenschatz, ''Kirchlich, Verfassung Der Juden,'' 2:106; comp. Nehemiah 10:34; Nehemiah 13:31; on nine successive days, according to Otho, ''Lex. Rabb.'' p. 331; on the 14th, according to Josephus, ''War,'' 2:17); the 18th is a fast in memory of the extinction of the western lamp of the Temple during the impious reign of [[Ahaz]] ( 2 Chronicles 29:7). '''''—''''' Kitto, s.v. (See Month). </p>
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| == Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature <ref name="term_14802" /> ==
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| <p> Ab, 1 </p> <p> Ab, (father) is found as the first member of several compound Hebrew proper names—such as Abner, father of light; Abiezer, father of help; etc. By a process which it is not difficult to conceive, the idea of a natural father became modified into that of author, cause, source (as when it is said, 'has the rain a father?'— Job 38:28). So that , in course of time, the original meaning was so far modified that the word was sometimes applied to a woman, as in Abigail, father of joy. </p> <p> Ab, 2 </p> <p> [[Ab]] is the Chaldee name of that month which is the fifth of the ecclesiastical and eleventh of the civil year of the Jews. It commenced with the new moon of our August, and always had 30 days. This month is preeminent in the Jewish calendar as the period of the most signal national calamities. The 1st is memorable for the death of Aaron ( Numbers 33:38). The 9th is the date assigned to the following events:—the declaration that no one then adult, except Joshua and Caleb, should enter into the [[ Promised]] Land ( Numbers 14: 30) ; the destruction of the first Temple by Nebuchadnezzar (to these first two 'the fast of the fifth month,' in Zechariah 7:5; Zechariah 8:19, is supposed to refer); the destruction of the second Temple by Titus; the devastation of the city Bettar, and the slaughter of Ben Cozîbah (Bar Cocâb), and of several thousand Jews there; and the plowing up of the foundations of the Temple by [[Turnus]] Rufus—the two last of which happened in the time of Hadrian. </p> <p> The 9th of the month is observed by the Jews as a fast, in commemoration of the destruction of the first Temple: the 15th is the day appointed for the festival of the wood-offering, in which the wood for the burnt-offering was stored up in the court of the Temple: to which Nehemiah alludes in Nehemiah 10:34, and Nehemiah 13:31. Lastly, the 18th is a fast in the memory of the western lamp going out in the Temple in the time of Ahaz ( 2 Chronicles 29:7, where the extinction of the lamps is mentioned as a part of Ahaz's attempts to suppress the Temple service). For an inquiry into what is meant by the western or evening lamp, see the article Candlestick. </p> | |
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| ==References == | |
| <references> | | <references> |
| | | <ref name="term_368"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/ab+(1) Ab from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref> |
| <ref name="term_80034"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/watson-s-biblical-theological-dictionary/ab Ab from Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary]</ref> | |
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| <ref name="term_15332"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/american-tract-society-bible-dictionary/ab Ab from American Tract Society Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_71018"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/smith-s-bible-dictionary/ab Ab from Smith's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_81751"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/webster-s-dictionary/ab Ab from Webster's Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_49017"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-bible/ab Ab from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_64470"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/morrish-bible-dictionary/ab Ab from Morrish Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_17264"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/ab Ab from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_14802"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/kitto-s-popular-cyclopedia-of-biblial-literature/ab Ab from Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature]</ref>
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| </references> | | </references> |
Ab [1]
(אך or , 'ābh or 'abh , the Hebrew and Aramaic word for "father"): It is a very common word in the Old Testament; this article notes only certain uses of it. It is used both in the singular and in the plural to denote a grandfather or more remote ancestors (e.g. Jeremiah 35:16 , Jeremiah 35:15 ). The father of a people or tribe is its founder, not, as is frequently assumed, its progenitor. In this sense Abraham is father to the Israelites (see, for example, Genesis 17:11-14 , Genesis 17:27 ), Isaac and Jacob and the heads of families being fathers in the same modified sense. The cases of Ishmael, Moab, etc., are similar. The traditional originator of a craft is the father of those who practice the craft (e.g. Genesis 4:20 , Genesis 4:21 , Genesis 4:22 ). Sennacherib uses the term "my fathers" of his predecessors on the throne of Assyria, though these were not his ancestors ( 2 Kings 19:12 ). The term is used to express worth and affection irrespective of blood relation (e.g. 2 Kings 13:14 ). A ruler or leader is spoken of as a father. God is father. A frequent use of the word is that in the composition of proper names, e.g. Abinadab, "my father is noble." See Abi .
The Aramaic word in its definite form is used three times in the New Testament ( Mark 4:6 ), the phrase being in each case "Abba Father," addressed to God. In this phrase the word "Father" is added, apparently, not as a mere translation, nor to indicate that Abba is thought of as a proper name of Deity, but as a term of pleading and of endearment. See also Abba .
References
