Difference between revisions of "Gortyna"

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== Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_51177" /> ==
<p> <strong> [[Gortyna]] </strong> . The most important city in Crete, after Gnossus, situated about midway between the two ends of the island. It is named ( 1Ma 15:23 ) among the autonomous States and communes to which were sent copies of the decree of the Roman [[Senate]] in favour of the Jews. </p>
       
== Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_41978" /> ==
<p> ( '''''Γόρτυνα''''' '';'' in classical writers, '''''Γόρτυν''''' ''Or '''''Γόρτυνα''''' '' ; on a coin, '''''Κόρτυνα''''' [ '''''Κορτυνίων''''' ]) '','' a city of Crete, mentioned in the [[Apocrypha]] in the list of cities to which the Romans sent letters on behalf of the Jews, when Simon the [[Maccabee]] renewed the treaty which his brothers [[Judas]] and [[Jonathan]] had made with Rome (&nbsp;1 [[Maccabees]] 15:23; comp. &nbsp;1 Maccabees 8:1 sq.; &nbsp;1 Maccabees 12:1 sq.). There is no doubt that the [[Jews]] were settled in great numbers in [[Crete]] (Josephus, ''Ant.'' 17:12, 1; ''War,'' 2:7; Philo, ''Leg. [[Ad]] Caium,'' sec. 36), and Gortyna may have been their chief residence. [[Ptolemy]] Philometor, who treated the Jews kindly, and who had received a numerous body in Egypt when they were driven out of [[Judaea]] by the opposite party (Josephus, ''Ant.'' 13:3; War, 1:1, 1), rebuilt part of Gortyna (Strabo, 10, Didot. ed., page 411). When Paul, as a prisoner, was on his voyage from [[Caesarea]] to Rome, the ship, on account of a storm, was obliged to run under the lee of Crete, in the direction of Cape Salmone, and soon after came to a place called [[Fair]] Havens, which was near a city called [[Lasaea]] (&nbsp;Acts 27:8). Lassea is probably the Lasia of the Peutingerian Tables, and is there stated to be sixteen miles east of Gortyna. It is very uncertain how long the vessel was detained at Fair Havens, though "much time had been spent" (&nbsp;Acts 27:9), not since they had sailed from Caesarea, but at the anchorage (Alford, ad loc.). [[Doubtless]] the sailors, soldiers, and prisoners had frequent intercourse with Lasea, and perhaps Gortyna. Paul may then have preached the [[Gospel]] at one or both of these places, but of this there is not the slightest proof (comp. Conybeare and Howson, Life of St. Paul, 2:394- 396). (See [[Paul]]). </p>
       
== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_4202" /> ==
<p> ''''' gor ''''' - ''''' tı̄´na ''''' ( Γορτύναι , <i> ''''' Gortúnai ''''' </i> ): A city in Crete, next in importance to Gnossus. It is mentioned in &nbsp; 1 Maccabees 15:23 . See Crete . </p>
       
==References ==
<references>


Gortyna <ref name="term_41974" />
<ref name="term_51177"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-bible/gortyna Gortyna from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible]</ref>
<p> according to [[Ptolemy]] (3:17,10), was situated in 540 15 and 340 50. Simon proposes a Sheinitic etymology for the name (Onom. page 50; but see Sickler, Handbuch, page 470). Next to Cnossus, it was the most important city in the island for power and magnificence. At one time [[Gortyna]] and Cnossus in union held the whole of Crete in their power except Lyttus (Polyb. 4:53, 54). In later times they were in a continual state of warfare (Strabo, x, Didot. ed., page 410). Gortyna was founded by a colony from Gortys of Arcadia (Plato, Leges, 4, Didot. ed., page 320). It was of very considerable size, its walls being fifty stadia in circuit, whilst those of its rival, Cnossus, were not more than thirty (Strabo, 10, Didot. ed., page 409-411). [[Homer]] bestows upon it the epithet "walled" ( '''''Τειχιόεσσα''''' '', Il.'' 2:646). It was situated on the south side of the island on the river Lethaus (Messara), and at a distance of ninety stadia from the [[Libyan]] Sea (Strabo, l.c.). In the Peloponnesian war Gortyna seems to have had some relations with [[Athens]] (Thuc. 2:85). Its connection with Philopoemen in B.C. 201 is shown by the Gortynians having invited him to take the command of their army (Plutarch, Philop. 13). When the Achaean [[League]] was in alliance witli the Romans, B.C. 197., against [[Philip]] V of Macedor, 500 Gortynians joined Quinctius Flamininus when on his march to Thessaly, previous to the battle of Cynoscephalae (Livy, 33:3). It is only recently that a coin bearing the well-known types of the League has been found, struck at Gortyna. The late Col. Leake has shown that the coin with the legend '''''Κορτυνιων''''' '''''Αχαιων''''' , which had previously been assigned to Gortys in Arcadia by the late Mr. Burgon ''(Numbers Chron.'' 19:235-36), certainly belongs to the Cretan Gortyna ''(Supp. Num. Hell.'' page 110), thus proving that cities beyond the continent were admitted into the League (R.S. Poole, Numbers Chron., new ser., 1:173). About the same period there are evidences of an alliance, political or commercial, between Athens and several of the Cretan towns. Some of the coins of six of these '''''—''''' Cnossus, Cydonia, Gortyna, Hierapytna, Polyrrhenium, and Priansusare tetradrachms, with exactly the types of those of Athens of the same age, but distinguished by having the distinctive badges of the Cretan towns. They were probably struck by the Cretan cities of the great alliance against Philip V of Macedon about B.C. 188 (Pausan. 1:36, 5, 6; comp. Eckhel, Doct. Numbers Vet. 2:221; Leake, Nun. Hell. Insular Greece, page 19; Poole, 1.c.). As Cnossus declined, Gortyna rose to eminence, and became the metropolis of Crete. About A.D. 200 a brother of Septimius [[Severus]] held at Gortyna the office of proconsul and quaestor of the united provinces of Crete and [[Cyrene]] (Bockh, No. 2591). In the arrangement of the provinces by Constantine, Gortyna was still the metropolis of Crete (Hierocl. Synod. page 649; comp. Leake, Supp. Numbers Hell. page 157). </p> <p> The remains of Gortyna near Aghius Dheka (the ten Saints), and the cavern in the mountain, have been described by Tournefort (Relation d'un [[Voyage]] du Levant) and Pococke (Description of the East), and the cavern, more recently, by Mr. Cockerell (Walpole, 2:402). The modern Gortynians hold this cavern to be the Labyrinth, thus claiming for themselves the honors of the myth of the Minotaur; but it does not appear from the Gortynian coins, which date from the time of the [[Persian]] war to that of [[Hadrian]] (and there are none later), that their ancestors ever entertained such an idea (Leake, Numbers Hell. Insular Greece, page 18). The famous [[Labyrinth]] is represented on the coins of Cnossus, and Colossians Leake says that "it is difficult to reconcile this fact with the existence of the Labyrinth near Gortyna, for that the excavation near Aghius Dheka, at the foot of Mount Ida, is the renowned Cretan labyrinth, cannot be doubted after the description of Tournefort, Pococke, and Cockerell" (Supp. Numbers Hell. page 156). This opinion is given notwithstanding the assertion of [[Pausanias]] ( '''''Ὁ''''' '''''Ἐν''''' '''''Κνωσσῷ''''' '''''Λαβύρινθος''''' '','' 1:27, 9). One of the coins of Cnossus bears, besides the Labyrinth on its reverse, the [[Minotaur]] on the obverse. It cannot be much later than the expedition of Xerxes, and thus affords evidence of the antiquity of the tradition of the Labyrinth, if not of its real existence; whereas H '''''Ö''''' ck ''(Kreta,'' 1:56 sq.), relying on the silence of [[Hesiod]] and Herodotus, and the assumed silence of Homer '''''—''''' though the [[Iliad]] contains what looks very like an allusion to the Cretan wonder ''(Il.'' 18:590 sq.) '''''—''''' has supposed it to have been an invention of the later poets borrowed from Egypt (Poole, ut sup. 1:171-72). A full account of the remains of the old site and the modern place is given in the Museum of Classical [[Antiquities]] (2:277-286). Mr. Falkner here describes the cavern near Gortyna, from Sieber, who spent three days in examining it, and says that certainly it had been nothing more than a quarry, which probably supplied the stone for building the city (Reise nach der Insel Kreta, 1:511-520). H '''''Ö''''' ck seems to hold similar views (Kreta, 1:447-454). (See [[Crete]]). </p>
       
 
<ref name="term_41978"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/gortyna Gortyna from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref>
== References ==
       
<references>
<ref name="term_4202"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/gortyna Gortyna from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref>
<ref name="term_41974"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/gortyna+(2) Gortyna from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref>
       
</references>
</references>

Latest revision as of 14:15, 16 October 2021

Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible [1]

Gortyna . The most important city in Crete, after Gnossus, situated about midway between the two ends of the island. It is named ( 1Ma 15:23 ) among the autonomous States and communes to which were sent copies of the decree of the Roman Senate in favour of the Jews.

Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature [2]

( Γόρτυνα ; in classical writers, Γόρτυν Or Γόρτυνα  ; on a coin, Κόρτυνα [ Κορτυνίων ]) , a city of Crete, mentioned in the Apocrypha in the list of cities to which the Romans sent letters on behalf of the Jews, when Simon the Maccabee renewed the treaty which his brothers Judas and Jonathan had made with Rome ( 1 Maccabees 15:23; comp.  1 Maccabees 8:1 sq.;  1 Maccabees 12:1 sq.). There is no doubt that the Jews were settled in great numbers in Crete (Josephus, Ant. 17:12, 1; War, 2:7; Philo, Leg. Ad Caium, sec. 36), and Gortyna may have been their chief residence. Ptolemy Philometor, who treated the Jews kindly, and who had received a numerous body in Egypt when they were driven out of Judaea by the opposite party (Josephus, Ant. 13:3; War, 1:1, 1), rebuilt part of Gortyna (Strabo, 10, Didot. ed., page 411). When Paul, as a prisoner, was on his voyage from Caesarea to Rome, the ship, on account of a storm, was obliged to run under the lee of Crete, in the direction of Cape Salmone, and soon after came to a place called Fair Havens, which was near a city called Lasaea ( Acts 27:8). Lassea is probably the Lasia of the Peutingerian Tables, and is there stated to be sixteen miles east of Gortyna. It is very uncertain how long the vessel was detained at Fair Havens, though "much time had been spent" ( Acts 27:9), not since they had sailed from Caesarea, but at the anchorage (Alford, ad loc.). Doubtless the sailors, soldiers, and prisoners had frequent intercourse with Lasea, and perhaps Gortyna. Paul may then have preached the Gospel at one or both of these places, but of this there is not the slightest proof (comp. Conybeare and Howson, Life of St. Paul, 2:394- 396). (See Paul).

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia [3]

gor - tı̄´na ( Γορτύναι , Gortúnai ): A city in Crete, next in importance to Gnossus. It is mentioned in   1 Maccabees 15:23 . See Crete .

References

  1. ↑ Gortyna from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
  2. ↑ Gortyna from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
  3. ↑ Gortyna from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
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