Difference between revisions of "Millstone"
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== Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament <ref name="term_56565" /> == | == Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament <ref name="term_56565" /> == | ||
<p> (μύλος; in Revelation 18:21 Textus Receptus, following | <p> (μύλος; in Revelation 18:21 Textus Receptus, following B, has μύλον; L WH[Note: H Westcott-Hort’s Greek Testament.], following A, have μύλινον; C has μυλικόν; Lat. <i> mola </i> ) </p> <p> The mill of the ancients (as of many [[Syrians]] to-day) was a quern-two circular stones, of which the upper and smaller rotated upon the other. The hard and monotonous labour of grinding was imposed on women; in wealthier houses, on female slaves ( Exodus 11:5, Matthew 24:41). If the upper stone was small, it was turned by one person; if it was of greater size, two, three, or even four slaves required to work together at the task. The heavy toil was often somewhat lightened with a song. The writer of the Revelation alludes to these things in two successive verses. A great millstone flung impetuously (ὁρμήματι, ‘with a rush,’ or ‘indignantly’; see Septuagint Hosea 5:10) into the sea, to rise no more, is his image of the overthrow of Imperial Rome ( Revelation 18:21). So complete is the desolation he foresees, that the sound of the mill (φωνὴ μύλου, the ᾠδὴ ἐπιμύλιος of the classics; cf. Septuagintφωνὴ τῆς ἀληθούσης in Ecclesiastes 12:4), the familiar murmur of domestic life, will never be heard again in the ruined city, which will have become a city of death ( Revelation 18:22). </p> <p> Literature.-J. Yates, article‘Mola’ in Smith’s <i> DGRA </i> [Note: GRA Dict. of Greek and Roman Antiquities.]2; G. M. Mackie, <i> Bible [[Manners]] and Customs </i> 2, 1903; W. Carslaw, article‘Mill, Millstone’ in <i> Hasting's Dictionary of the Bible (5 vols) </i> ; A. R. S. Kennedy, article‘Mill, Millstones’ in <i> Encyclopaedia Biblica </i> ; C. M. Doughty, <i> Travels in [[Arabia]] Deserta </i> , 1888, ii. 179. </p> <p> James Strahan. </p> | ||
== Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words <ref name="term_78371" /> == | == Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words <ref name="term_78371" /> == | ||
<div> | <div> '''A 1: μύλος ''' (Strong'S #3458 Noun Masculine mulos moo'-los ) </div> <p> denotes "a handmill," consisting of two circular stones, one above the other, the lower being fixed. From the center of the lower a wooden pin passes through a hole in the upper, into which the grain is thrown, escaping as flour between the stones and falling on a prepared material below them. The handle is inserted into the upper stone near the circumference. Small stones could be turned by one woman (mill-grinding was a work deemed fit only for women and slaves; cp. Judges 16:21 ); larger ones were turned by two (cp. Matthew 24:41 , under MILL), or more. </p> Matthew 18:6 Mark 9:42 Luke 17:2 Revelation 18:22 <div> '''B 1: μυλικός ''' (Strong'S #3457 Adjective mulikos moo-lee-kos' ) </div> <p> "of a mill," occurs in Luke 17:2 (see above). </p> <div> '''B 2: μύλος ''' (Strong'S #3458 Noun Masculine mulinos moo'-los ) </div> <p> "made of millstone," is used with lithos, "a stone;" and with the adjective megas, "great," in the best mss. in Revelation 18:21 (some have the word mulos; see A). </p> | ||
== Webster's Dictionary <ref name="term_144112" /> == | == Webster's Dictionary <ref name="term_144112" /> == | ||
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== King James Dictionary <ref name="term_61550" /> == | == King James Dictionary <ref name="term_61550" /> == | ||
<p> | <p> MILL'STONE, n. A stone used for grinding grain. </p> | ||
== Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_51352" /> == | == Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_51352" /> == | ||
<p> (רֶכֶב, '' | <p> (רֶכֶב, ''Re'Keb,'' usually a ''Chariot,'' hence the "upper millstone" or ''Rider,'' Deuteronomy 24:6; more fully. כֶּלִח רֶכֶב, Judges 9:53; 2 Samuel 11:21; in Job 41:24 there is no [[Hebrew]] word corresponding; in Isaiah 47:2; Jeremiah 25:10, רֵחִיַם; elsewhere rendered " mill;" Gr. μύλος ). (See [[Mill]]). </p> | ||
==References == | ==References == | ||
Revision as of 10:19, 13 October 2021
Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament [1]
(μύλος; in Revelation 18:21 Textus Receptus, following B, has μύλον; L WH[Note: H Westcott-Hort’s Greek Testament.], following A, have μύλινον; C has μυλικόν; Lat. mola )
The mill of the ancients (as of many Syrians to-day) was a quern-two circular stones, of which the upper and smaller rotated upon the other. The hard and monotonous labour of grinding was imposed on women; in wealthier houses, on female slaves ( Exodus 11:5, Matthew 24:41). If the upper stone was small, it was turned by one person; if it was of greater size, two, three, or even four slaves required to work together at the task. The heavy toil was often somewhat lightened with a song. The writer of the Revelation alludes to these things in two successive verses. A great millstone flung impetuously (ὁρμήματι, ‘with a rush,’ or ‘indignantly’; see Septuagint Hosea 5:10) into the sea, to rise no more, is his image of the overthrow of Imperial Rome ( Revelation 18:21). So complete is the desolation he foresees, that the sound of the mill (φωνὴ μύλου, the ᾠδὴ ἐπιμύλιος of the classics; cf. Septuagintφωνὴ τῆς ἀληθούσης in Ecclesiastes 12:4), the familiar murmur of domestic life, will never be heard again in the ruined city, which will have become a city of death ( Revelation 18:22).
Literature.-J. Yates, article‘Mola’ in Smith’s DGRA [Note: GRA Dict. of Greek and Roman Antiquities.]2; G. M. Mackie, Bible Manners and Customs 2, 1903; W. Carslaw, article‘Mill, Millstone’ in Hasting's Dictionary of the Bible (5 vols) ; A. R. S. Kennedy, article‘Mill, Millstones’ in Encyclopaedia Biblica ; C. M. Doughty, Travels in Arabia Deserta , 1888, ii. 179.
James Strahan.
Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words [2]
denotes "a handmill," consisting of two circular stones, one above the other, the lower being fixed. From the center of the lower a wooden pin passes through a hole in the upper, into which the grain is thrown, escaping as flour between the stones and falling on a prepared material below them. The handle is inserted into the upper stone near the circumference. Small stones could be turned by one woman (mill-grinding was a work deemed fit only for women and slaves; cp. Judges 16:21 ); larger ones were turned by two (cp. Matthew 24:41 , under MILL), or more.
Matthew 18:6 Mark 9:42 Luke 17:2 Revelation 18:22
"of a mill," occurs in Luke 17:2 (see above).
"made of millstone," is used with lithos, "a stone;" and with the adjective megas, "great," in the best mss. in Revelation 18:21 (some have the word mulos; see A).
Webster's Dictionary [3]
(n.) One of two circular stones used for grinding grain or other substance.
King James Dictionary [4]
MILL'STONE, n. A stone used for grinding grain.
Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature [5]
(רֶכֶב, Re'Keb, usually a Chariot, hence the "upper millstone" or Rider, Deuteronomy 24:6; more fully. כֶּלִח רֶכֶב, Judges 9:53; 2 Samuel 11:21; in Job 41:24 there is no Hebrew word corresponding; in Isaiah 47:2; Jeremiah 25:10, רֵחִיַם; elsewhere rendered " mill;" Gr. μύλος ). (See Mill).
