Difference between revisions of "Millstone"
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== Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament <ref name="term_56565" /> == | == Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament <ref name="term_56565" /> == | ||
<p> (μύλος; in Revelation 18:21 Textus Receptus, following B, has μύλον; L WH[Note: H Westcott-Hort’s | <p> (μύλος; in Revelation 18:21 Textus Receptus, following [[B,]] has μύλον; [[L]] WH[Note: [[H]] Westcott-Hort’s Greek Testament.], following [[A,]] have μύλινον; [[C]] has μυλικόν; Lat. <i> mola </i> ) </p> <p> The mill of the ancients (as of many [[Syrians]] to-day) was a quern-two circular stones, of which the upper and smaller rotated upon the other. The hard and monotonous labour of grinding was imposed on women; in wealthier houses, on female slaves ( Exodus 11:5, Matthew 24:41). If the upper stone was small, it was turned by one person; if it was of greater size, two, three, or even four slaves required to work together at the task. The heavy toil was often somewhat lightened with a song. The writer of the Revelation alludes to these things in two successive verses. [[A]] great millstone flung impetuously (ὁρμήματι, ‘with a rush,’ or ‘indignantly’; see Septuagint Hosea 5:10) into the sea, to rise no more, is his image of the overthrow of Imperial Rome ( Revelation 18:21). So complete is the desolation he foresees, that the sound of the mill (φωνὴ μύλου, the ᾠδὴ ἐπιμύλιος of the classics; cf. Septuagintφωνὴ τῆς ἀληθούσης in Ecclesiastes 12:4), the familiar murmur of domestic life, will never be heard again in the ruined city, which will have become a city of death ( Revelation 18:22). </p> <p> Literature.-J. Yates, article‘Mola’ in Smith’s <i> [[Dgra]] </i> [Note: [[Gra]] Dict. of Greek and Roman Antiquities.]2; [[G.]] [[M.]] Mackie, <i> Bible [[Manners]] and Customs </i> 2, 1903; [[W.]] Carslaw, article‘Mill, Millstone’ in <i> Hasting's Dictionary of the Bible (5 vols) </i> ; [[A.]] [[R.]] [[S.]] Kennedy, article‘Mill, Millstones’ in <i> Encyclopaedia Biblica </i> ; [[C.]] [[M.]] Doughty, <i> Travels in [[Arabia]] Deserta </i> , 1888, ii. 179. </p> <p> James Strahan. </p> | ||
== Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words <ref name="term_78371" /> == | == Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words <ref name="term_78371" /> == | ||
<div> A 1: | <div> [['''A]] 1: μύλος ''' (Strong'S #3458 Noun Masculine mulos moo'-los ) </div> <p> denotes "a handmill," consisting of two circular stones, one above the other, the lower being fixed. From the center of the lower a wooden pin passes through a hole in the upper, into which the grain is thrown, escaping as flour between the stones and falling on a prepared material below them. The handle is inserted into the upper stone near the circumference. Small stones could be turned by one woman (mill-grinding was a work deemed fit only for women and slaves; cp. Judges 16:21 ); larger ones were turned by two (cp. Matthew 24:41 , under [[Mill),]] or more. </p> Matthew 18:6 Mark 9:42 Luke 17:2 Revelation 18:22 <div> [['''B]] 1: μυλικός ''' (Strong'S #3457 Adjective mulikos moo-lee-kos' ) </div> <p> "of a mill," occurs in Luke 17:2 (see above). </p> <div> [['''B]] 2: μύλος ''' (Strong'S #3458 Noun Masculine mulinos moo'-los ) </div> <p> "made of millstone," is used with lithos, "a stone;" and with the adjective megas, "great," in the best mss. in Revelation 18:21 (some have the word mulos; see [[A).]] </p> | ||
== Webster's Dictionary <ref name="term_144112" /> == | == Webster's Dictionary <ref name="term_144112" /> == | ||
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== King James Dictionary <ref name="term_61550" /> == | == King James Dictionary <ref name="term_61550" /> == | ||
<p> | <p> [[Mill'Stone,]] n. [[A]] stone used for grinding grain. </p> | ||
== Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_51352" /> == | == Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_51352" /> == | ||
<p> (רֶכֶב, re'keb, usually a chariot, hence the "upper millstone" or rider, Deuteronomy 24:6; more fully. כֶּלִח רֶכֶב, Judges 9:53; 2 Samuel 11:21; in Job 41:24 there is no [[Hebrew]] word corresponding; in Isaiah 47:2; Jeremiah 25:10, רֵחִיַם; elsewhere rendered " mill;" Gr. μύλος ). (See [[Mill]]). </p> | <p> (רֶכֶב, ''re'keb,'' usually a ''chariot,'' hence the "upper millstone" or ''rider,'' Deuteronomy 24:6; more fully. כֶּלִח רֶכֶב, Judges 9:53; 2 Samuel 11:21; in Job 41:24 there is no [[Hebrew]] word corresponding; in Isaiah 47:2; Jeremiah 25:10, רֵחִיַם; elsewhere rendered " mill;" Gr. μύλος ). (See [[Mill]]). </p> | ||
==References == | ==References == | ||
Revision as of 23:10, 12 October 2021
Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament [1]
(μύλος; in Revelation 18:21 Textus Receptus, following B, has μύλον; L WH[Note: H Westcott-Hort’s Greek Testament.], following A, have μύλινον; C has μυλικόν; Lat. mola )
The mill of the ancients (as of many Syrians to-day) was a quern-two circular stones, of which the upper and smaller rotated upon the other. The hard and monotonous labour of grinding was imposed on women; in wealthier houses, on female slaves ( Exodus 11:5, Matthew 24:41). If the upper stone was small, it was turned by one person; if it was of greater size, two, three, or even four slaves required to work together at the task. The heavy toil was often somewhat lightened with a song. The writer of the Revelation alludes to these things in two successive verses. A great millstone flung impetuously (ὁρμήματι, ‘with a rush,’ or ‘indignantly’; see Septuagint Hosea 5:10) into the sea, to rise no more, is his image of the overthrow of Imperial Rome ( Revelation 18:21). So complete is the desolation he foresees, that the sound of the mill (φωνὴ μύλου, the ᾠδὴ ἐπιμύλιος of the classics; cf. Septuagintφωνὴ τῆς ἀληθούσης in Ecclesiastes 12:4), the familiar murmur of domestic life, will never be heard again in the ruined city, which will have become a city of death ( Revelation 18:22).
Literature.-J. Yates, article‘Mola’ in Smith’s Dgra [Note: Gra Dict. of Greek and Roman Antiquities.]2; G. M. Mackie, Bible Manners and Customs 2, 1903; W. Carslaw, article‘Mill, Millstone’ in Hasting's Dictionary of the Bible (5 vols) ; A. R. S. Kennedy, article‘Mill, Millstones’ in Encyclopaedia Biblica ; C. M. Doughty, Travels in Arabia Deserta , 1888, ii. 179.
James Strahan.
Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words [2]
denotes "a handmill," consisting of two circular stones, one above the other, the lower being fixed. From the center of the lower a wooden pin passes through a hole in the upper, into which the grain is thrown, escaping as flour between the stones and falling on a prepared material below them. The handle is inserted into the upper stone near the circumference. Small stones could be turned by one woman (mill-grinding was a work deemed fit only for women and slaves; cp. Judges 16:21 ); larger ones were turned by two (cp. Matthew 24:41 , under Mill), or more.
Matthew 18:6 Mark 9:42 Luke 17:2 Revelation 18:22
"of a mill," occurs in Luke 17:2 (see above).
"made of millstone," is used with lithos, "a stone;" and with the adjective megas, "great," in the best mss. in Revelation 18:21 (some have the word mulos; see A).
Webster's Dictionary [3]
(n.) One of two circular stones used for grinding grain or other substance.
King James Dictionary [4]
Mill'Stone, n. A stone used for grinding grain.
Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature [5]
(רֶכֶב, re'keb, usually a chariot, hence the "upper millstone" or rider, Deuteronomy 24:6; more fully. כֶּלִח רֶכֶב, Judges 9:53; 2 Samuel 11:21; in Job 41:24 there is no Hebrew word corresponding; in Isaiah 47:2; Jeremiah 25:10, רֵחִיַם; elsewhere rendered " mill;" Gr. μύλος ). (See Mill).
