Difference between revisions of "Herodians"
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== Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament <ref name="term_56184" /> == | == Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament <ref name="term_56184" /> == | ||
<p> <b> | <p> <b> HERODIANS </b> <b> ( </b> Ἡρῳδιανοί).—Apart from the weakly attested reading in Mark 8:15, the [[Herodians]] are mentioned but three times in the NT and on only two occasions, Matthew 22:16 being parallel with Mark 12:13. The name Ἡρῳδιανοί does not occur in Josephus. In <i> BJ </i> i. xvi. 6 the form Ἡρῴδειοι is used of the party of Herod, and in <i> Ant </i> . xiv. xv. 10 the phrase οἰ τὰ Ἠρῴδου φρονοῦντες occurs (cf. also <i> Ant </i> . xiv. vii. 4). (For the formation in -ιανος like Χριστιανός, cf. Blass, <i> Acta Apos </i> . 136, <i> Gram. of NT Greek </i> , § 27, 4; Harnack, <i> [[Mission]] u. Ausb. d. Christ </i> . 294 ff.; <i> Etym. Magn. s.v </i> . Ἡρῳδιανός). </p> <p> If the party of Herod in [[Josephus]] be the same as the Herodians of the NT (cf. O. Holtzmann, <i> Neutest. Zeitgeseh. </i> 157 f., but, on the other hand, Cheyne, <i> Encyc. Bibl </i> . ii. 2034), then the origin of the party must be sought in the time of Herod the Great. This view of the origin of the party will also determine our conception of its nature. It cannot have been a religious sect or party like the [[Pharisees]] or Sadducees, but was most probably a political party composed of the adherents and supporters of the [[Herodian]] dynasty. From the combination of the Pharisees with the Herodians ( Mark 3:6), and their common action in [[Jerusalem]] ( Matthew 22:16, Mark 12:13), it is not unlikely that the Herodian party was composed principally of [[Sadducees]] (cf. Luke 20:19 and Mark 8:15 with Matthew 16:6). After the death of Herod the Great, the deposition of Archelaus, and the establishment of Roman rule in Judaea, the aims and purposes of the party would naturally centre in Antipas. The presence of the Herodians in Galilee, indicated in Mark 3:6, cannot he set aside with the remark of Cheyne: ‘This, however, is evidently a mistake. In the country of the tetrarch [[Antipas]] there could not be a party called the Herodians’ ( <i> op. cit. </i> ii. 2043). [[Members]] of a party which wished to see Antipas sit upon the throne of his father may have been in [[Galilee]] as well as in Jerusalem; for their ideal was a national one, differing from the ideal of the [[Zealots]] as royalist from democratic. Their union with the strong Pharisaic party, and their attempt to entrap Jesus with the question about tribute to Caesar, find explanation not in any sympathy with the Pharisees or fondness for the traditions which Jesus’ activity imperilled, but in their readiness to oppose and suppress any Messianic agitation of the people. </p> <p> Other views attach some religious significance to the party, connect them with the Bœthusians or with the court of Antipas as members of the Herodian family, officers or servants, and attribute to them a friendly or hostile attitude towards the Roman sovereignty (cf. Tert. <i> ad Omn. Haer. </i> i.; Epiph. <i> Haer. </i> xx.; Steph. <i> Thesaur. s.v </i> .; Ewald, <i> H </i> I [Note: I History of Israel.] v. 409 f.; Renan, <i> Vie de Jésus </i> , 226; Edersheim, <i> Life and Times </i> , i. 237 ff., ii. 384; Bleek, <i> Syn </i> . ii. 327; Zahn, <i> Matth. </i> 528, n. [Note: note.] 44, 632, n. [Note: note.] 45). </p> <p> Literature.—Keim in Schenkel’s <i> Bibel-lexikon </i> , iii. 65 ff.; B. F. Westcott in Smith’s <i> D </i> B [Note: Dictionary of the Bible.] 2 [Note: designates the particular edition of the work referred] , ii. 1054 f.; Sieffert in <i> PR </i> E [Note: RE Real-Encyklopädie fur protest. Theologic und Kirche.] 3 [Note: designates the particular edition of the work referred] , vii. 769; T. K. Cheyne in <i> Encyc. Bibl </i> . ii. 2043; D. Eaton in Hasting's Dictionary of the Bible ii. 362; K. Kohler, <i> [[Jewish]] Encyc </i> . vi. 360; J. D. Davis, <i> D </i> B [Note: Dictionary of the Bible.] 293. </p> <p> W. P. Armstrong. </p> | ||
== Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary <ref name="term_80847" /> == | == Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary <ref name="term_80847" /> == | ||
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== People's Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_70208" /> == | == People's Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_70208" /> == | ||
<p> [[Herodians]] (''He-Rô'Di-Anz'' ), (from Herod). Matthew 22:15 ff.; Mark 12:13 ff. [[Canon]] Cook describes these persons as "that party among the Jews who were supporters of the Herodian family as the last hope of retaining for the Jews a fragment of national government, as distinguished from absolute dependence upon Rome as a province of the empire. Supporters of the family of Herod, who held their dominions by the grant of the Roman emperor, would be in favor of paying tribute to the supreme power." Matthew 22:16. </p> | <p> [[Herodians]] ( ''He-Rô'Di-Anz'' ), (from Herod). Matthew 22:15 ff.; Mark 12:13 ff. [[Canon]] Cook describes these persons as "that party among the Jews who were supporters of the Herodian family as the last hope of retaining for the Jews a fragment of national government, as distinguished from absolute dependence upon Rome as a province of the empire. Supporters of the family of Herod, who held their dominions by the grant of the Roman emperor, would be in favor of paying tribute to the supreme power." Matthew 22:16. </p> | ||
== Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_72968" /> == | == Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_72968" /> == | ||
