| <p> ''''' hwēl ''''' : (1) אופן , <i> ''''' 'ōphan ''''' </i> , is the usual word ( Exodus 14:25 , etc.). In Proverbs 20:26; Isaiah 28:27 the rollers of a threshing wagon are meant (see [[Agriculture]] ). (2) גּלגּל , <i> '''''galgal''''' </i> , "rolling thing," generally in the sense of "wheel" ( Isaiah 5:28 , etc.), but the Revised Version (British and American) in Ezekiel 10:2 , Ezekiel 10:6 , Ezekiel 10:13 has "whirling <i> wheels </i> ," an advantageous change. The "wheel ... broken at the cistern" in Ecclesiastes 12:6 is the windlass for drawing the water, and by the figure the breakdown of the old man's breathing apparatus is probably meant. In [[Psalm]] 83:13 , the King James Version has "wheel," but this translation (that of the Septuagint) is quite impossible; the Revised Version (British and American) "whirling dust" (sucked up by a miniature whirlwind) is perhaps right, but the translations proposed are end-less. (3) גּלגּל , <i> '''''gilgal''''' </i> , Isaiah 28:28 , the roller of a threshing wagon. (4) אבנים , <i> ''''''obhnayim''''' </i> , Jeremiah 18:3 . See [[Potter]] . (5) פּעם , <i> '''''pa‛am''''' </i> , Judges 5:28 , literally, "step" (so the Revised Version margin), and the sound of horses' hoofs is intended. (6) τροχός , <i> '''''trochós''''' </i> , [[Sirach]] 33:5; James 3:6 (the King James Version "course"). In the former passage, "The heart of a fool is as a cart-wheel," the changeableness of a light disposition is satirized. In James the figure is of a wheel in rotation, so that a flame starting at any point is quickly communicated to the whole. Just so an apparently insignificant sin of the tongue produces an incalculably destructive effect. </p> <p> The phrase "wheel of nature" ( τροχὸς τῆς γενέσεως , <i> ''''' trochós ''''' </i> <i> ''''' tḗs ''''' </i> <i> ''''' genéseos ''''' </i> ) is used here for "the world in progress." It is not a very natural figure and has given rise to much discussion. the King James Version accents <i> ''''' trochós ''''' </i> ("course") instead of <i> ''''' trochós ''''' </i> (" wheel"). but the language throughout is metaphorical and "course" is not a sufficiently metaphorical word. The translation "birth" for <i> ''''' geneseōs ''''' </i> (so the Revised Version margin). i.e. "a wheel set in motion by birth." is out of the question. as the argument turns on results wider than any individual's existence. "Wheel of nature" is certainly right. But a comparison of life to a wheel in some sense or other (chiefly that of "Fortune's wheel") is common enough in [[Greek]] and [[Latin]] writers, and, indeed the exact combination <i> ''''' trochos ''''' </i> <i> ''''' geneseōs ''''' </i> is found in at least one (Orphic) writer (full references in the commentaries of Mayor and W. Bauer). It would seem, then, that James had heard the phrase, and he used it as a striking figure, with entire indifference to any technical significance it might have. This supposition is preferable to that of an awkward translation from the Aramaic. See Course . </p> | | Wheel <ref name="term_65655" /> |
| <ref name="term_9505"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/wheel Wheel from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref> | | <ref name="term_65655"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/wheel+(2) Wheel from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref> |
