Difference between revisions of "Evil-Doer Evil"
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==References == | <div> [['''A]] 1: κακός ''' (Strong'S #2556 Adjective kakos kak-os' ) </div> <p> stands for "whatever is evil in character, base," in distinction (wherever the distinction is observable) from poneros (see No. 2), which indicates "what is evil in influence and effect, malignant." Kakos is the wider term and often covers the meaning of poneros. Kakos is antithetic to kalos, "fair, advisable, good in character," and to agathos, "beneficial, useful, good in act;" hence it denotes what is useless, incapable, bad; poneros is essentially antithetic to chrestos, "kind, gracious, serviceable;" hence it denotes what is destructive, injurious, evil. As evidence that poneros and kakos have much in common, though still not interchangeable, each is used of thoughts, cp. Matthew 15:19 with Mark 7:21; of speech, Matthew 5:11 with 1 Peter 3:10; of actions, 2 Timothy 4:18 with 1 Thessalonians 5:15; of man, Matthew 18:32 with Matthew 24:48 . </p> Matthew 21:41 24:48 Philippians 3:2 Revelation 2:2 Mark 7:21 John 18:23,30 Romans 1:30 3:8 7:19,21 13:4 14:20 16:19 1 Corinthians 13:5 2 Corinthians 13:7 1 Thessalonians 5:15 1 Timothy 6:10 2 Timothy 4:14 1 Peter 3:9,12 Luke 16:25 Acts 16:28 28:5 Titus 1:12 James 3:8 Revelation 16:2 <div> [['''A]] 2: πονηρός ''' (Strong'S #4190 Adjective poneros pon-ay-ros' ) </div> <p> akin to ponos, "labor, toil," denotes "evil that causes labor, pain, sorrow, malignant evil" (see No. 1); it is used (a) with the meaning bad, worthless, in the physical sense, Matthew 7:17,18; in the moral or ethical sense, "evil," wicked; of persons, e.g., Matthew 7:11; Luke 6:45; Acts 17:5; 2 Thessalonians 3:2; 2 Timothy 3:13; of "evil" spirits, e.g., Matthew 12:45; Luke 7:21; Acts 19:12,13,15,16; of a generation, Matthew 12:39,45; 16:4; Luke 11:29; of things, e.g., Matthew 5:11; 6:23; 20:15; Mark 7:22; Luke 11:34; John 3:19; 7:7; Acts 18:14; Galatians 1:4; Colossians 1:21; 1 Timothy 6:4; 2 Timothy 4:18; Hebrews 3:12; 10:22; James 2:4; 4:16; 1 John 3:12; 2 John 1:11; 3 John 1:10; (b) with the meaning toilsome, painful, Ephesians 5:16; 6:13; Revelation 16:2 . Cp. poneria, "iniquity, wickedness." For its use as a noun see [[B,]] No. 2. </p> <div> [['''A]] 3: φαῦλος ''' (Strong'S #5337 Adjective phaulos fow'-los ) </div> <p> primarily denotes "slight, trivial, blown about by every wind;" then, "mean, common, bad," in the sense of being worthless, paltry or contemptible, belonging to a low order of things; in John 5:29 , those who have practiced "evil" things, [[Rv,]] "ill" (phaula), are set in contrast to those who have done good things (agatha); the same contrast is presented in Romans 9:11; 2 Corinthians 5:10 , in each of which the most authentic mss. have phaulos for kakos; he who practices "evil" things [[(Rv,]] "ill") hates the light, John 3:20; jealousy and strife are accompanied by "every vile deed," James 3:16 . It is used as a noun in Titus 2:8 (see [[B,]] No. 4). See [[Bad]] , [[Ill]] , Vile. </p> <div> [['''B]] 1: κακία ''' (Strong'S #2549 Noun [[Feminine]] kakia kak-ee'-ah ) </div> <p> primarily, "badness" in quality (akin to [[A,]] No. 1), denotes (a) "wickedness, depravity, malignity," e.g., Acts 8:22 , "wickedness;" Romans 1:29 , "maliciousness;" in James 1:21 , [[Av,]] "naughtiness;" (b) "the evil of trouble, affliction," Matthew 6:34 , only, and here alone translated "evil." See [[Malice]] , [[Maliciousness]] , [[Naughtiness]] , Wickedness. </p> <div> [['''B]] 2: πονηρός ''' (Strong'S #4190 Adjective poneros pon-ay-ros' ) </div> <p> the adjective [[(A,]] No. 2), is used as a noun, (a) of Satan as the "evil" one, Matthew 5:37; 6:13; 13:19,38; Luke 11:4 (in some texts); John 17:15; Ephesians 6:16; 2 Thessalonians 3:3; 1 John 2:13,14; 3:12; 5:18,19; (b) of human beings, Matthew 5:45; (probably ver. 39); 13:49; 22:10; Luke 6:35; 1 Corinthians 5:13; (c) neuter, "evil (things)," Matthew 9:4; 12:35; Mark 7:23; Luke 3:19; "that which is evil," Luke 6:45; Romans 12:9; Acts 28:21 , "harm." </p> <div> [['''B]] 3: κακός ''' (Strong'S #2556 Adjective kakon kak-os' ) </div> <p> the neuter of [[A,]] No. 1, is used with the article, as a noun, e.g., Acts 23:9; Romans 7:21; Hebrews 5:14; in the plural, "evil things," e.g., 1 Corinthians 10:6; 1 Timothy 6:10 , "all kinds of evil," [[Rv.]] </p> <div> [['''B]] 4: φαῦλος ''' (Strong'S #5337 Adjective phaulon fow'-los ) </div> <p> the neuter of [[A,]] No. 3, is used as a noun in Titus 2:8 . </p> <div> [['''B]] 5: κακοποιός ''' (Strong'S #2555 Adjective kakopois kak-op-oy-os' ) </div> <p> properly the masculine gender of the adjective, denotes an "evil-doer" (kakon, "evil," poieo, "to do"), 1 Peter 2:12,14; 4:15; in some mss. in 1 Peter 3:16; John 18:30 (so the [[Av).]] For a synonymous word see Note (1). Cp. the verb below. In the Sept., Proverbs 12:4; 24:19 . See Malefactor. </p> 2 Timothy 2:9 Luke 23:32,33,39 Acts 24:20[[Iniquity]]Wrong. <div> [['''C]] 1: κακόω ''' (Strong'S #2559 Verb kakoo kak-o'-o ) </div> <p> "to ill-treat" (akin to [[A,]] No. 1), is rendered "to entreat evil" in Acts 7:6,19; "made (them) evil affected," Acts 14:2 . See [[Affect]] , [[Afflict]] , [[Harm]] , [[Hurt]] , Vex. </p> <div> [['''C]] 2: κακοποιέω ''' (Strong'S #2554 Verb kakopoieo kak-op-oy-eh'-o ) </div> <p> signifies "to do evil" (cp. [[B,]] No. 5), Mark 3:4 [[(Rv,]] "to do harm"); so, Luke 6:9; in 3 John 1:11 , "doeth evil," in 1 Peter 3:17 , "evil doing." See Harm. </p> [[Curse]][[Endure]] <div> [['''D]] 1: κακῶς ''' (Strong'S #2560 Adverb kakos kak-oce' ) </div> <p> "badly, evilly," akin to [[A,]] No. 1, is used in the physical sense, "to be sick," e.g., Matthew 4:24; Mark 1:32,34; Luke 5:31 (see [[Disease).]] In Matthew 21:41 this adverb is used with the adjective, "He will miserably destroy those miserable men," more lit., "He will evilly destroy those men (evil as they are)," with stress on the adjective; (b) in the moral sense, "to speak evilly," John 18:23; Acts 23:5; "to ask evilly," James 4:3 . See [[Amiss]] , [[Grievously]] , [[Sick]] , Sore. </p> | ||
== References == | |||
<references> | <references> | ||
<ref name="term_77519"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/vine-s-expository-dictionary-of-nt-words/evil,+evil-doer Evil-Doer Evil from Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words]</ref> | <ref name="term_77519"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/vine-s-expository-dictionary-of-nt-words/evil,+evil-doer Evil-Doer Evil from Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words]</ref> | ||
</references> | </references> | ||
Latest revision as of 00:13, 13 October 2021
Evil-Doer Evil [1]
stands for "whatever is evil in character, base," in distinction (wherever the distinction is observable) from poneros (see No. 2), which indicates "what is evil in influence and effect, malignant." Kakos is the wider term and often covers the meaning of poneros. Kakos is antithetic to kalos, "fair, advisable, good in character," and to agathos, "beneficial, useful, good in act;" hence it denotes what is useless, incapable, bad; poneros is essentially antithetic to chrestos, "kind, gracious, serviceable;" hence it denotes what is destructive, injurious, evil. As evidence that poneros and kakos have much in common, though still not interchangeable, each is used of thoughts, cp. Matthew 15:19 with Mark 7:21; of speech, Matthew 5:11 with 1 Peter 3:10; of actions, 2 Timothy 4:18 with 1 Thessalonians 5:15; of man, Matthew 18:32 with Matthew 24:48 .
Matthew 21:41 24:48 Philippians 3:2 Revelation 2:2 Mark 7:21 John 18:23,30 Romans 1:30 3:8 7:19,21 13:4 14:20 16:19 1 Corinthians 13:5 2 Corinthians 13:7 1 Thessalonians 5:15 1 Timothy 6:10 2 Timothy 4:14 1 Peter 3:9,12 Luke 16:25 Acts 16:28 28:5 Titus 1:12 James 3:8 Revelation 16:2
akin to ponos, "labor, toil," denotes "evil that causes labor, pain, sorrow, malignant evil" (see No. 1); it is used (a) with the meaning bad, worthless, in the physical sense, Matthew 7:17,18; in the moral or ethical sense, "evil," wicked; of persons, e.g., Matthew 7:11; Luke 6:45; Acts 17:5; 2 Thessalonians 3:2; 2 Timothy 3:13; of "evil" spirits, e.g., Matthew 12:45; Luke 7:21; Acts 19:12,13,15,16; of a generation, Matthew 12:39,45; 16:4; Luke 11:29; of things, e.g., Matthew 5:11; 6:23; 20:15; Mark 7:22; Luke 11:34; John 3:19; 7:7; Acts 18:14; Galatians 1:4; Colossians 1:21; 1 Timothy 6:4; 2 Timothy 4:18; Hebrews 3:12; 10:22; James 2:4; 4:16; 1 John 3:12; 2 John 1:11; 3 John 1:10; (b) with the meaning toilsome, painful, Ephesians 5:16; 6:13; Revelation 16:2 . Cp. poneria, "iniquity, wickedness." For its use as a noun see B, No. 2.
primarily denotes "slight, trivial, blown about by every wind;" then, "mean, common, bad," in the sense of being worthless, paltry or contemptible, belonging to a low order of things; in John 5:29 , those who have practiced "evil" things, Rv, "ill" (phaula), are set in contrast to those who have done good things (agatha); the same contrast is presented in Romans 9:11; 2 Corinthians 5:10 , in each of which the most authentic mss. have phaulos for kakos; he who practices "evil" things (Rv, "ill") hates the light, John 3:20; jealousy and strife are accompanied by "every vile deed," James 3:16 . It is used as a noun in Titus 2:8 (see B, No. 4). See Bad , Ill , Vile.
primarily, "badness" in quality (akin to A, No. 1), denotes (a) "wickedness, depravity, malignity," e.g., Acts 8:22 , "wickedness;" Romans 1:29 , "maliciousness;" in James 1:21 , Av, "naughtiness;" (b) "the evil of trouble, affliction," Matthew 6:34 , only, and here alone translated "evil." See Malice , Maliciousness , Naughtiness , Wickedness.
the adjective (A, No. 2), is used as a noun, (a) of Satan as the "evil" one, Matthew 5:37; 6:13; 13:19,38; Luke 11:4 (in some texts); John 17:15; Ephesians 6:16; 2 Thessalonians 3:3; 1 John 2:13,14; 3:12; 5:18,19; (b) of human beings, Matthew 5:45; (probably ver. 39); 13:49; 22:10; Luke 6:35; 1 Corinthians 5:13; (c) neuter, "evil (things)," Matthew 9:4; 12:35; Mark 7:23; Luke 3:19; "that which is evil," Luke 6:45; Romans 12:9; Acts 28:21 , "harm."
the neuter of A, No. 1, is used with the article, as a noun, e.g., Acts 23:9; Romans 7:21; Hebrews 5:14; in the plural, "evil things," e.g., 1 Corinthians 10:6; 1 Timothy 6:10 , "all kinds of evil," Rv.
the neuter of A, No. 3, is used as a noun in Titus 2:8 .
properly the masculine gender of the adjective, denotes an "evil-doer" (kakon, "evil," poieo, "to do"), 1 Peter 2:12,14; 4:15; in some mss. in 1 Peter 3:16; John 18:30 (so the Av). For a synonymous word see Note (1). Cp. the verb below. In the Sept., Proverbs 12:4; 24:19 . See Malefactor.
2 Timothy 2:9 Luke 23:32,33,39 Acts 24:20IniquityWrong.
"to ill-treat" (akin to A, No. 1), is rendered "to entreat evil" in Acts 7:6,19; "made (them) evil affected," Acts 14:2 . See Affect , Afflict , Harm , Hurt , Vex.
signifies "to do evil" (cp. B, No. 5), Mark 3:4 (Rv, "to do harm"); so, Luke 6:9; in 3 John 1:11 , "doeth evil," in 1 Peter 3:17 , "evil doing." See Harm.
"badly, evilly," akin to A, No. 1, is used in the physical sense, "to be sick," e.g., Matthew 4:24; Mark 1:32,34; Luke 5:31 (see Disease). In Matthew 21:41 this adverb is used with the adjective, "He will miserably destroy those miserable men," more lit., "He will evilly destroy those men (evil as they are)," with stress on the adjective; (b) in the moral sense, "to speak evilly," John 18:23; Acts 23:5; "to ask evilly," James 4:3 . See Amiss , Grievously , Sick , Sore.
