Difference between revisions of "Gad"

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== Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_35436" /> ==
== People's Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_70099" /> ==
<p> Margin &nbsp;Isaiah 65:11, "that troop," rather "that prepare a (sacrificial) table for the Gad," i.e. the deity of fortune, a [[Babylonian]] idol worshipped by the Jews, answering to either the moon or Jupiter, related to [[Syriac]] gado , and [[Arab]] jad "good fortune." The star of luck, for which a couch was laid out and a banqueting "table." Μeni ("that number," margin &nbsp;Isaiah 65:11) was the lesser good fortune, [[Gad]] the greater. </p>
<p> '''Gad, the [[Tribe]] of.''' The territory given to the tribe of [[Gad]] lay east of the Jordan, north of that allotted to Reuben, and south of that given to [[Manasseh]] on that side of the river. It extended from the [[Jordan]] eastward to Aroer, &nbsp;Joshua 13:24-25, including half of Mount [[Gilead]] and half of Ammon. &nbsp;Deuteronomy 3:12; &nbsp;Joshua 13:24-25. For physical features and history see Gilead. Its chief cities were Ramoth-gilead, Mahanaim, Heshbon, and Aroer. This tribe, in the wilderness, was placed with [[Simeon]] and [[Reuben]] on the south of the tabernacle; with Reuben and the half of Manasseh, it occupied the pasture grounds on the east of the Jordan. It was warlike, as is graphically stated. &nbsp;1 Chronicles 12:8. Two famous men came from Gad—Barzillai, &nbsp;2 Samuel 17:27, and Elijah, &nbsp;1 Kings 17:1. The territory was the battle field for wars between Syria and Israel. &nbsp;2 Kings 10:33. </p>
          
          
== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_3989" /> ==
== Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_35442" /> ==
<p> (גּד , <i> '''''gadh''''' </i> , "fortune"): A god of Good Luck, possibly the Hyades. The writer in &nbsp;Isaiah 65:11 (margin) pronounces a curse against such as are lured away to idolatry. The warning here, according to Cheyne, is specifically against the Samaritans, whom with their religion the [[Jews]] held in especial abhorrence. The charge would, however, apply just as well to superstitious and semi-pagan Jews. "But ye that forsake Yahweh, that forget my holy mountain, that prepare a table for Fortune, and that fill up mingled wine unto Destiny; I will destine you to the sword, and ye shall all bow down to the slaughter." There is a play upon words here: "Fill up mingled wine unto Destiny" ( מני , <i> '''''menı̄''''' </i> ) and "I will destine מנתי , <i> '''''mānithı̄''''' </i> , i.e. portion out) you for the sword" (&nbsp;Isaiah 65:11 , &nbsp;Isaiah 65:12 ). Gad and [[Meni]] mentioned here are two Syrian-deities (Cheyne, <i> Book of the [[Prophet]] Isaiah </i> , 198). Schürer ( <i> Gesch. d. jüd. Volkes </i> , II, 34 note, and bibliography) disputes the reference of the Greek (Τύχη , <i> '''''Túchē''''' </i> ) cult to the Semitic Gad, tracing it rather to the [[Syrian]] "Astarte" worship. The custom was quite common among heathen peoples of spreading before the gods tables laden with food (compare Herod. i. 181, 183; Smith, <i> Rel. of Semites </i> , Lect X). </p> <p> Nothing is known of a Babylonian deity named Gad, but there are [[Aramean]] and Arabic equivalents. The origin may have been a personification of fortune and destiny, i.e. equivalent to the Fates. The Nabatean inscriptions give, in plural, form, the name of Meni. Achimenidean coins (Persian) are thought by some to bear the name of Meni. How widely spread these Syrian cults became, may be seen in a number of ways, e.g. an altar from Vaison in Southern [[France]] bearing an inscription: </p> <p> "Belus Fortunae rector, Menisque Magister." </p> <p> Belus, signifying the Syrian [[Bel]] of Apamaea (Driver). [[Canaanitish]] place-names also attest the prevalence of the cult, as Baal-gad, at the foot of Hermen (&nbsp;Joshua 11:17; &nbsp;Joshua 12:7; &nbsp;Joshua 13:5 ); Migdal-gad, possibly Mejdel near Askalon (&nbsp;Joshua 15:37 ); [[Gaddi]] and [[Gaddiel]] (&nbsp;Numbers 13:10 f). In Talmudic literature the name of Gad is frequently invoked (compare McCurdy in <i> [[Jewish]] Encyclopedia </i> , V, 544). Indeed the words of [[Leah]] in &nbsp;Genesis 30:11 may refer not to good fortune or luck but to the deity who was especially regarded as the patron god of Good [[Fortune]] (compare Kent, <i> Student's Old [[Testament]] </i> , I, 111). [[Similar]] beliefs were held among the [[Greeks]] and Romans, e.g. Hor. <i> [[Sat]] </i> . ii.8, 61: </p> <p> ".... Fortuna, quis est crudelior in nos te deus?" </p> <p> Cic. N.D. iii.24, 61: </p> <p> "Quo in genere vel maxime est [[Fortuna]] numeranda." </p> <p> The question has also an astronomical interest. Arabic tradition styled the planet [[Jupiter]] the greater fortune, and [[Venus]] the lesser fortune. Jewish tradition identified Gad with the planet Jupiter, and it has been conjectured that Meni is to be identified with the planet Venus. See, however, [[Astrology]] , 10. </p>
<p> The "seer" of king David (&nbsp;1 Chronicles 29:29). "The acts of David" were recorded "in the book of Gad the seer." He joined David while in "the hold," having probably first become acquainted with David in the latter's visits to Samuel and the schools of the prophets, and by his advice David left it for the forest of [[Hareth]] (&nbsp;1 Samuel 22:5). At the numbering of the people Gad was Jehovah's monitor to David (&nbsp;2 Samuel 24:11-19; &nbsp;1 Chronicles 21:9). He also took part in arranging the musical services of the temple (&nbsp;2 Chronicles 29:25). [[Jerome]] compares Gad to [[Elijah]] in the abruptness of his introduction; this concentrates all attention on his work and message, none on himself. </p>
       
== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_3992" /> ==
<p> (גּד , <i> ''''' gādh ''''' </i> , "fortunate"): David's seer ( <i> ''''' ḥōzeh ''''' </i> , &nbsp;1 Chronicles 21:9; &nbsp;1 Chronicles 29:29; &nbsp;2 Chronicles 29:25 ), or prophet ( <i> ''''' nābhı̄ ''''' </i> ); compare &nbsp;1 Samuel 22:5; &nbsp;2 Samuel 24:11 ). He appears (1) to advise David while an outlaw fleeing before Saul to return to the land of Judah (&nbsp;1 Samuel 22:5 ); (2) to rebuke David and give him his choice of punishments when, in spite of the advice of [[Joab]] and the traditional objections (compare &nbsp;Exodus 30:11 ), he had counted the children of [[Israel]] (&nbsp;2 Samuel 24:11; &nbsp;1 Chronicles 21:9 ); (3) to instruct David to erect an altar on the threshing-floor of [[Araunah]] when the plague that had descended on Israel ceased (&nbsp;2 Samuel 24:18; &nbsp;1 Chronicles 21:18 ); and (4) to assist in the arrangement of [[Levitical]] music with cymbals, psalteries and harps (compare &nbsp;2 Chronicles 29:25 ). Of his writings none are known, though he is said to have written a history of a part of David's reign (&nbsp;1 Chronicles 29:29 ). </p>
          
          
==References ==
==References ==
<references>
<references>


<ref name="term_35436"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/fausset-s-bible-dictionary/gad+(3) Gad from Fausset's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
<ref name="term_70099"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/people-s-dictionary-of-the-bible/gad+(2) Gad from People's Dictionary of the Bible]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_35442"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/fausset-s-bible-dictionary/gad+(2) Gad from Fausset's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
          
          
<ref name="term_3989"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/gad+(3) Gad from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref>
<ref name="term_3992"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/gad+(2) Gad from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref>
          
          
</references>
</references>

Latest revision as of 14:13, 16 October 2021

People's Dictionary of the Bible [1]

Gad, the Tribe of. The territory given to the tribe of Gad lay east of the Jordan, north of that allotted to Reuben, and south of that given to Manasseh on that side of the river. It extended from the Jordan eastward to Aroer,  Joshua 13:24-25, including half of Mount Gilead and half of Ammon.  Deuteronomy 3:12;  Joshua 13:24-25. For physical features and history see Gilead. Its chief cities were Ramoth-gilead, Mahanaim, Heshbon, and Aroer. This tribe, in the wilderness, was placed with Simeon and Reuben on the south of the tabernacle; with Reuben and the half of Manasseh, it occupied the pasture grounds on the east of the Jordan. It was warlike, as is graphically stated.  1 Chronicles 12:8. Two famous men came from Gad—Barzillai,  2 Samuel 17:27, and Elijah,  1 Kings 17:1. The territory was the battle field for wars between Syria and Israel.  2 Kings 10:33.

Fausset's Bible Dictionary [2]

The "seer" of king David ( 1 Chronicles 29:29). "The acts of David" were recorded "in the book of Gad the seer." He joined David while in "the hold," having probably first become acquainted with David in the latter's visits to Samuel and the schools of the prophets, and by his advice David left it for the forest of Hareth ( 1 Samuel 22:5). At the numbering of the people Gad was Jehovah's monitor to David ( 2 Samuel 24:11-19;  1 Chronicles 21:9). He also took part in arranging the musical services of the temple ( 2 Chronicles 29:25). Jerome compares Gad to Elijah in the abruptness of his introduction; this concentrates all attention on his work and message, none on himself.

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia [3]

(גּד , gādh , "fortunate"): David's seer ( ḥōzeh ,  1 Chronicles 21:9;  1 Chronicles 29:29;  2 Chronicles 29:25 ), or prophet ( nābhı̄ ); compare  1 Samuel 22:5;  2 Samuel 24:11 ). He appears (1) to advise David while an outlaw fleeing before Saul to return to the land of Judah ( 1 Samuel 22:5 ); (2) to rebuke David and give him his choice of punishments when, in spite of the advice of Joab and the traditional objections (compare  Exodus 30:11 ), he had counted the children of Israel ( 2 Samuel 24:11;  1 Chronicles 21:9 ); (3) to instruct David to erect an altar on the threshing-floor of Araunah when the plague that had descended on Israel ceased ( 2 Samuel 24:18;  1 Chronicles 21:18 ); and (4) to assist in the arrangement of Levitical music with cymbals, psalteries and harps (compare  2 Chronicles 29:25 ). Of his writings none are known, though he is said to have written a history of a part of David's reign ( 1 Chronicles 29:29 ).

References