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| == Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_49293" /> ==
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| <p> <strong> [[Abrech]] </strong> . A word of doubtful signification, tr. [Note: translate or translation.] ‘Bow the knee,’ in AV [Note: Authorized Version.] and RV [Note: Revised Version.] ( [[Genesis]] 41:43 ‘then he made him [Joseph] to ride in the second chariot which he had; and they cried before him, [[Bow]] the knee; and he set him over all the land of Egypt’). The word should be either [[Hebrew]] or Egyptian. An Assyr. [Note: Assyrian.] etymology has been proposed, viz. <em> abarakku </em> , the title of one of the highest officials in the [[Assyrian]] Empire, but no such borrowings from [[Assyria]] are known in Egypt. Hebrew affords no likely explanation. [[Egyptian]] hitherto has furnished two that are possible: (1) ‘Praise!’ but the word is rare and doubtful; (2) <em> abrak </em> , apparently meaning ‘Attention!’ ‘Have a care!’ (Spiegelberg). The last seems the least improbable. </p> <p> F. Ll. Griffith. </p>
| | Abrech <ref name="term_424" /> |
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| | <p> ''''' ā´brek ''''' : Transliteration of the [[Hebrew]] אברך , <i> ''''' 'abhrēkh ''''' </i> , in Genesis 41:43 the Revised Version, margin, of which both the origin and meaning are uncertain. It was the salutation which the [[Egyptians]] addressed to Joseph, when he was made second to Pharaoh, and appeared in his official chariot. </p> <p> (1) The explanations based upon Hebrew derivation are unsatisfactory, whether as the King James Version "bow the knee," from ברך , <i> ''''' bārakh ''''' </i> (hiphil imperative) or marginal "tender father," or "father of a king" of the Targum. The form as Hiphil Imperative instead of הברך , <i> ''''' habhrēkh ''''' </i> , is indefensible, while the other two derivations are fanciful. </p> <p> (2) The surmises of Egyptologists are almost without number, and none are conclusive. Skinner in his <i> [[Commentary]] on [[Genesis ]] </i> selects "attention!" after Spiegelberg, as best. <i> Speaker's Commentary </i> suggests "rejoice thou" from <i> ''''' ab ''''' </i> - <i> ''''' nek ''''' </i> . <i> BDB </i> gives preference to the [[Coptic]] <i> ''''' a ''''' </i> - <i> ''''' bor ''''' </i> - <i> ''''' k ''''' </i> , "prostrate thyself." </p> <p> (3) The most satisfying parallel is the [[Assyrian ]] <i> ''''' abarakku ''''' </i> , meaning "grand vizier" or "friend of a king," as suggested by Fried. Delitzsch; for [[Babylonian]] laws and customs were dominant in western Asia, and the Hyksos, through whom such titles would have been carried into Egypt, were ruling there at that time. </p> |
| == Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_34386" /> ==
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| <p> ( Genesis 41:43). [[Translated]] "bow the knee" in English Bible. Others translate "a pontifical," or "pure prince," a common title in ancient Egyptian tombs; [[Origen]] and Jerome, "a native Egyptian." Thus Abrech will be a proclamation of Joseph's naturalization, a requisite for his executing successfully his great, undertaking among a people most jealous of foreigners. [[Canon]] Cook (Speaker's Commentary) makes it imperative, from the Egyptian," [[Rejoice]] thou;" but Harkevy understands it as '''''Αp-Rach''''' , "Chief of the Rech", or "men of learning." </p>
| | == References == |
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| == Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_17103" /> ==
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| <p> (Heb. abrek', '''''אִבְרֵךְ''''' , Sept. '''''Κῆρυξ''''' , Vulg. ''Venuflecterent),'' a word that occurs only in the original of Genesis 41:43, where it is used in proclaiming the authority of Joseph. Something similar happened in the case of Mordecai, but then several words were employed ( Esther 6:11). If the word be Hebrew, it is probably an imperative (not directly, Buxtorf, ''Thes. Gramm.'' p. 134; nor the first person future, as explained by Aben- Ezra, but the infinitive absolute used imperatively, Gesenius, ''Thes. Heb.'' p. 19) of '''''בָּרִךְ''''' , in Hiphil, and would then mean, as in our version, "bow the knee" (so the Vulg., Erpenius, Luther, Aquila, and the Ven. Gr. version). We are indeed assured by Wilkinson (Anc. Egyptians, 2, 24) that the word abrek is used to the present day by the Arabs when requiring a camel to kneel and receive its load. But Luther (subsequently) and others (e.g. Onkelos, the Targum, Syr. and Persic versions) suppose the word to be a compound of '''''אבאּרךְ''''' , " ''The Father Of The State,"'' and to be of [[Chaldee]] origin. The Sept. and Samar. understand vaguely ''A Herald.'' It is, however, probably Egyptian, slightly modified so as to suit the Hebrew; and most later writers are inclined with De Rossi ''(Etym. Egypt.'' p. 1) to repair to the Coptic, in which ''Aberek'' or ''Abrek'' means " ''Bow The Head" '''''—''''' An'' interpretation essentially agreeing with those of Pfeiffer ''(Opp.'' 1, 94) and Jablonski ''(Opusc.'' 1, 4, 5, ed. Water). (See [[Salutation]]). But Origen ''(Hexapla,'' 1, 49, ed. Montfaucon), a native of Egypt, and [[Jerome]] ''(Comment.'' in loc.), both of whom knew the Semitic languages, are of the opinion that [[Abrech]] means "a native Egyptian;" and when we consider how important it was that [[Joseph]] should cease to be regarded as a foreigner [ (See [[Abomination]]) ], it has in this sense a significance, as a proclamation of naturalization, which no other interpretation conveys (see Ameside, ''De Abrech Aegyptior.'' Dresd. 1750). Osburn thinks the title still appears in Joseph's tomb as ''Hb-Resh,'' "royal priest" ''(Mon. Hist. Of Eg.'' 2. 90). </p> | |
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| == International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_424" /> ==
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| <p> ''''' ā´brek ''''' : Transliteration of the Hebrew אברך , <i> ''''' 'abhrēkh ''''' </i> , in Genesis 41:43 the Revised Version, margin, of which both the origin and meaning are uncertain. It was the salutation which the [[Egyptians]] addressed to Joseph, when he was made second to Pharaoh, and appeared in his official chariot. </p> <p> (1) The explanations based upon Hebrew derivation are unsatisfactory, whether as the King James Version "bow the knee," from ברך , <i> ''''' bārakh ''''' </i> (hiphil imperative) or marginal "tender father," or "father of a king" of the Targum. The form as Hiphil Imperative instead of הברך , <i> ''''' habhrēkh ''''' </i> , is indefensible, while the other two derivations are fanciful. </p> <p> (2) The surmises of Egyptologists are almost without number, and none are conclusive. Skinner in his <i> [[Commentary]] on Genesis </i> selects "attention!" after Spiegelberg, as best. <i> Speaker's Commentary </i> suggests "rejoice thou" from <i> ''''' ab ''''' </i> - <i> ''''' nek ''''' </i> . <i> BDB </i> gives preference to the [[Coptic]] <i> ''''' a ''''' </i> - <i> ''''' bor ''''' </i> - <i> ''''' k ''''' </i> , "prostrate thyself." </p> <p> (3) The most satisfying parallel is the Assyrian <i> ''''' abarakku ''''' </i> , meaning "grand vizier" or "friend of a king," as suggested by Fried. Delitzsch; for [[Babylonian]] laws and customs were dominant in western Asia, and the Hyksos, through whom such titles would have been carried into Egypt, were ruling there at that time. </p> | |
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| ==References == | |
| <references> | | <references> |
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| <ref name="term_49293"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-bible/abrech Abrech from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_34386"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/fausset-s-bible-dictionary/abrech Abrech from Fausset's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_17103"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/abrech Abrech from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_424"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/abrech Abrech from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref> | | <ref name="term_424"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/abrech Abrech from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref> |
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| </references> | | </references> |
Abrech [1]
ā´brek : Transliteration of the Hebrew אברך , 'abhrēkh , in Genesis 41:43 the Revised Version, margin, of which both the origin and meaning are uncertain. It was the salutation which the Egyptians addressed to Joseph, when he was made second to Pharaoh, and appeared in his official chariot.
(1) The explanations based upon Hebrew derivation are unsatisfactory, whether as the King James Version "bow the knee," from ברך , bārakh (hiphil imperative) or marginal "tender father," or "father of a king" of the Targum. The form as Hiphil Imperative instead of הברך , habhrēkh , is indefensible, while the other two derivations are fanciful.
(2) The surmises of Egyptologists are almost without number, and none are conclusive. Skinner in his Commentary on Genesis selects "attention!" after Spiegelberg, as best. Speaker's Commentary suggests "rejoice thou" from ab - nek . BDB gives preference to the Coptic a - bor - k , "prostrate thyself."
(3) The most satisfying parallel is the Assyrian abarakku , meaning "grand vizier" or "friend of a king," as suggested by Fried. Delitzsch; for Babylonian laws and customs were dominant in western Asia, and the Hyksos, through whom such titles would have been carried into Egypt, were ruling there at that time.
References
