Difference between revisions of "Philip Ii."

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Philip Ii. <ref name="term_78308" />  
 
<p> King of Spain, only son of the [[Emperor]] [[Charles]] V.; married Mary [[Tudor]] in 1554, and spent over a year in England; in 1555 he succeeded his father in the sovereignty of Spain, Sicily, Milan, the Netherlands, Franche-Comté, Mexico, and Peru; a league between [[Henry]] II. of [[France]] and the Pope was overthrown, and on the death of Mary he married the French princess Isabella, and retired to live in Spain, 1559. [[Wedding]] himself now to the cause of the Church, he encouraged the [[Inquisition]] in Spain, and introduced it to the Netherlands; the latter revolted, and the [[Seven]] United Provinces achieved their independence after a long struggle in 1579; his great effort to overthrow Protestant [[England]] ended in the disaster of the Armada, 1588; his last years were embittered by the failure of his intrigues against Navarre, raids of English seamen on his American provinces, and by loathsome disease; he was a bigot in religion, a hard, unloved, and unloving man, and a foolish king; he fatally injured [[Spain]] by crushing her chivalrous spirit, by persecuting the industrious Moors, and by destroying her commerce by heavy taxation (1527-1598). </p>
Philip Ii. <ref name="term_78314" />
==References ==
<p> Philip-Augustus, king of France, shared the throne with his father, Louis VII., from 1179, and succeeded him as sole ruler in 1180; marrying [[Isabella]] of Hainault, he united the [[Capet]] and Carlovingian houses; his grand aim was to secure to himself some of the English possessions in France; his alliance with [[Richard]] of [[England]] in the third crusade ended in a quarrel; returning to [[France]] he broke his oath to Richard by bargaining with John for portions of the coveted territory; an exhausting war lasted till 1119; on Richard's death [[Philip]] supported Arthur against John in his claim to Anjou, Maine, and Touraine; after Arthur's murder, the capture of Château [[Gaillard]] in 1204 gave him possession of these three provinces with [[Normandy]] and part of Poitou; the victory of Bouvines 1214 secured his throne, and the rest of his reign was spent in internal reforms and the beautifying of [[Paris]] (1165-1223). </p>
 
== References ==
<references>
<references>
<ref name="term_78308"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/the-nuttall-encyclopedia/philip+ii.+(2) Philip Ii. from The Nuttall Encyclopedia]</ref>
<ref name="term_78314"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/the-nuttall-encyclopedia/philip+ii. Philip Ii. from The Nuttall Encyclopedia]</ref>
</references>
</references>

Latest revision as of 17:53, 15 October 2021

Philip Ii. [1]

Philip-Augustus, king of France, shared the throne with his father, Louis VII., from 1179, and succeeded him as sole ruler in 1180; marrying Isabella of Hainault, he united the Capet and Carlovingian houses; his grand aim was to secure to himself some of the English possessions in France; his alliance with Richard of England in the third crusade ended in a quarrel; returning to France he broke his oath to Richard by bargaining with John for portions of the coveted territory; an exhausting war lasted till 1119; on Richard's death Philip supported Arthur against John in his claim to Anjou, Maine, and Touraine; after Arthur's murder, the capture of Château Gaillard in 1204 gave him possession of these three provinces with Normandy and part of Poitou; the victory of Bouvines 1214 secured his throne, and the rest of his reign was spent in internal reforms and the beautifying of Paris (1165-1223).

References

  1. ↑ Philip Ii. from The Nuttall Encyclopedia
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