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| == Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary <ref name="term_80427" /> ==
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| <p> קנה Exodus 30:23; Song of [[Solomon]] 4:14; Isaiah 43:24; Jeremiah 6:20; Ezekiel 27:19 . An aromatic reed, growing in moist places in Egypt, in [[Judea]] near lake Genezareth, and in several parts of Syria. It grows to about two feet in height; bearing from the root a knotted stalk, quite round, containing in its cavity a soft white pith. The whole is of an agreeable aromatic smell; and the plant is said to scent the air with a fragrance even while growing. When cut down, dried, and powdered; it makes an ingredient in the richest perfumes. It was used for this purpose by the Jews. </p> <p> CALAMUS SCRIPTORIUS, a reed answering the purpose of a pen to write with. The ancients used styles, to write on tablets covered with wax; but reeds, to write on parchment or papyrus. The [[ Psalmist]] says, "My tongue is the pen of a ready writer, " Psalms 45:1 . The [[Hebrew]] signifies rather a style. The third book of [[Maccabees]] states, that the writers employed in making a list of the Jews in Egypt, produced their reeds quite worn out. [[Baruch]] wrote his prophecies <em> with ink, </em> Jeremiah 36:4; and, consequently, used reeds; for it does not appear that quills were then used to write with. In 3 John 1:13 , the [[Apostle]] says, he did not design to write with pen (reed) and ink. The Arabians, Persians, Turks, Greeks, and Armenians, to this day, write with reeds or rushes. </p> | | Calamus <ref name="term_29475" /> |
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| | <p> in ecclesiastical usage, is </p> <p> '''(1)''' the [[ Reed]] the single upright shaft which supported the table of an altar, called also ''Columella. '' In the 5th century there were, according to local usages, two or four pillars, and a fifth, in the centre, which supported the reliquary, was sometimes added, as in St. Martha's at Tarascon, St. Agricola's at Avignon, and one at Marseilles, formerly at St. Victor's Abbey. The space between these columns served as a sanctuary for fugitives. </ p> <p> ''' (2)''' Called also '' Fistula, Siphon,'' and '' Canna-Ai'' narrow tube or pipe of precious metal, which was for some time used after the 10th century, or, as some say, a still earlier date, in the Western Church, by the communicants, for suction, when partaking of the chalice. [[ Bishop]] Leofric, in 1046, gave a silver pipe to [[ Exeter]] Cathedral; [[ William]] [[ Rufus]] gave other kinds to Worcester. The custom was long retained at St. Denys and Cluny, at the coronation of the kings of France; and the pope still, at a grand pontifical mass, uses a golden pipe at communion when he celebrates in public together with his deacon and subdeacon. The [[ Benedictines]] and [[ Carthusians]] communicated the laity with a reed in Italy, in memory of the bitter draught of vinegar, gall, and myrrh offered in a reed to the dying Saviour, on the cross, and also to avoid any risk of spilling the consecrated wine, and to obviate the repugnance of some persons to drinking from the same cup with others. </p> |
| == People's Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_69790" /> ==
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| <p> '''Calamus,''' Song of Solomon 4:14; Ezekiel 27:19, or '''Sweet Calamus,''' Exodus 30:23, or '''Sweet Cane,''' Isaiah 43:24; Jeremiah 6:20. These are probably names for the same plant. It seems to have been an aromatic reed brought "from a far country." Lemon-grass is "a plant of remarkable fragrance and a native of Central India, where it is used to mix with ointments, on account of the delicacy of its odor." [[Calamus]] may have been a species of this. </p> | | == References == |
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| == King James Dictionary <ref name="term_58745" /> ==
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| <p> CALAMUS, n. </p> 1. The generic name of the Indian cane, called also rotang. It is without branches, has a crown at the top, and is beset with spines. 2. In antiquity, a pipe or fistula, a wind instrument, made of a reed or oaten stalk. 3. A rush or reed used anciently as a pen to write on parchment or papyrus. 4. A sort of reed, or sweet-scented cane, used by the Jews as a perfume. It is a knotty root, reddish without and white within, and filled with a spungy substance. It has an aromatic smell. 5. The sweet flag, called by Linne Acorus.
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| == Morrish Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_65464" /> ==
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| <p> The word is <i> qaneh, </i> and is often translated 'reed.' It was one of the ingredients of the holy anointing oil. Exodus 30:23 . It is mentioned among a list of spices and was brought to the market of Tyre. Song of Solomon 4:14; Ezekiel 27:19 . It is the <i> calamus odoratus, </i> a reed growing in India and Arabia, and which is said to have been found in the valley of Lebanon. It has a fragrant smell, and when dried and pounded forms a valuable ingredient for rich perfumes. </p>
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| == Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_34874" /> ==
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| <p> ( Exodus 30:23). An ingredient in the holy anointing oil ( Song of Solomon 4:14; Ezekiel 27:19), an import to Tyre. Aromatic cane: an Indian and [[Arabian]] plant. TheΑcorus Calamus ( Isaiah 43:24; Jeremiah 6:20), "sweet cane." A scented cane is said to have been found in a valley of Lebanon, reedlike, much jointed, and very fragrant when bruised. </p>
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| == Webster's Dictionary <ref name="term_96870" /> ==
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| <p> '''(1):''' (n.) The indian cane, a plant of the [[Palm]] family. It furnishes the common rattan. See Rattan, and Dragon's blood. </p> <p> '''(2):''' (n.) A species of Acorus (A. calamus), commonly called calamus, or sweet flag. The root has a pungent, aromatic taste, and is used in medicine as a stomachic; the leaves have an aromatic odor, and were formerly used instead of rushes to strew on floors. </p> <p> '''(3):''' (n.) The horny basal portion of a feather; the barrel or quill. </p>
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| == Easton's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_30881" /> ==
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| <i> Kaneh </i> Exodus 30:23 Song of Solomon 4:14 Ezekiel 27:19 Isaiah 43:24 Jeremiah 6:20[[Cane]]
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| == Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_71957" /> ==
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| <p> '''Calamus.''' See '''Reed''' . </p>
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| == Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_39295" /> ==
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| Ezekiel 30:23
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| == American Tract Society Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_15713" /> ==
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| <p> See [[Cane]] . </p>
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| == Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_50210" /> ==
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| <p> <strong> CALAMUS </strong> . See Reed. </p>
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| == Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_29474" /> ==
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| <p> occurs in three passages of the Auth. Vers. for the Hebrews קָנֶה, kanek' (Sept. κάλαμος, elsewhere "reed"): Exodus 30:23, among the ingredients of the holy anointing oil; Song of Solomon 4:14, in an enumeration of sweet scents; and Ezekiel 27:19, among the articles brought to the markets of Tyre. The term designates the marsh and river reed generally, (See [[Reed]]); but in the places just referred to it appears to signify the sweet flag (κάλαμος ἀρωματικός, Dioscor. 1:17), an Oriental plant (calamus odoratus, Plin. 12:12, 48); of which the Linnsean name is Acorus calamus. No doubt the same plant is intended in Isaiah 43:24; Jeremiah 6:20, where the Auth. Vers. has sweet cane. In the latter text the Hebrews is קָנֶה הִטּוֹב, kaneh' hat-tob' (i.e. good cane), and in Exodus 30:23, קָנֵה בשֶם, kaneh' bo'sem (i.e. odoriferous cane). "Ascented cane is said to have been found in a valley of Mount [[Lebanon]] (Polyb. 5:46; Strab. 16:4). The plant has a reed-like stem, which is exceedingly fragrant, like the leaves, especially when bruised. It is of a tawny color, much jointed, breaking into splinters, and having the hollow stem filled with pith like a spider's web" (Kalisch on Exodus 30:23.) The calamus of [[Scripture]] is probably the reed by that name sometimes found in Europe, but usually in Asia (Thephrast. Plantt. 9:7; Pliny, 12:12), and especially in India and Arablia (Diod. Sic. 2:49; Pliny, 12:48). It grows in moist places in [[Egypt]] and Judaea, and in several parts of Syria, bearing from the root a knotted stalk, containing in its cavity a soft white pith. It has an agreeable aromatic smell, and when cut, dried, and powdered, it forms an ingredient in the richest perfumes (Pliny, 15:7; see Celsii Hierob.2:326 sq.). The plant from which the aromaticus" of modern shops is obtained appears to be a different species (Penny Cyclopcedia, s.v. Acorus). (See [[Cane]]). </p>
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| ==References == | |
| <references> | | <references> |
| | | <ref name="term_29475"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/calamus+(2) Calamus from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref> |
| <ref name="term_80427"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/watson-s-biblical-theological-dictionary/calamus Calamus from Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary]</ref> | |
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| <ref name="term_69790"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/people-s-dictionary-of-the-bible/calamus Calamus from People's Dictionary of the Bible]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_58745"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/king-james-dictionary/calamus Calamus from King James Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_65464"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/morrish-bible-dictionary/calamus Calamus from Morrish Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_34874"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/fausset-s-bible-dictionary/calamus Calamus from Fausset's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_96870"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/webster-s-dictionary/calamus Calamus from Webster's Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_30881"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/easton-s-bible-dictionary/calamus Calamus from Easton's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_71957"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/smith-s-bible-dictionary/calamus Calamus from Smith's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_39295"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/holman-bible-dictionary/calamus Calamus from Holman Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_15713"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/american-tract-society-bible-dictionary/calamus Calamus from American Tract Society Bible Dictionary]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_50210"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-bible/calamus Calamus from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible]</ref>
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| <ref name="term_29474"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/calamus Calamus from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref>
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| </references> | | </references> |
Calamus [1]
in ecclesiastical usage, is
(1) the Reed the single upright shaft which supported the table of an altar, called also Columella. In the 5th century there were, according to local usages, two or four pillars, and a fifth, in the centre, which supported the reliquary, was sometimes added, as in St. Martha's at Tarascon, St. Agricola's at Avignon, and one at Marseilles, formerly at St. Victor's Abbey. The space between these columns served as a sanctuary for fugitives.
(2) Called also Fistula, Siphon, and Canna-Ai narrow tube or pipe of precious metal, which was for some time used after the 10th century, or, as some say, a still earlier date, in the Western Church, by the communicants, for suction, when partaking of the chalice. Bishop Leofric, in 1046, gave a silver pipe to Exeter Cathedral; William Rufus gave other kinds to Worcester. The custom was long retained at St. Denys and Cluny, at the coronation of the kings of France; and the pope still, at a grand pontifical mass, uses a golden pipe at communion when he celebrates in public together with his deacon and subdeacon. The Benedictines and Carthusians communicated the laity with a reed in Italy, in memory of the bitter draught of vinegar, gall, and myrrh offered in a reed to the dying Saviour, on the cross, and also to avoid any risk of spilling the consecrated wine, and to obviate the repugnance of some persons to drinking from the same cup with others.
References
