Difference between revisions of "Bed"

<div> '''1: '''''Κλίνη''''' ''' (Strong'S #2825 — Noun Neuter — kline — klee'-nay ) </div> <p> akin to klino, "to lean" (Eng., "recline, incline" etc.), "a bed," e.g., &nbsp;Mark 7:30 , also denotes a "couch" for reclining at meals, &nbsp;Mark 4:21 , or a "couch" for carrying the sick, &nbsp;Matthew 9:2,6 . The metaphorical phrase "to cast into a bed," &nbsp;Revelation 2:22 , signifies to afflict with disease (or possibly, to lay on a bier). In &nbsp;Mark 7:4 the AV curiously translates the word "tables" (marg., "beds"), RV, marg. only, "couches." See Couch. </p> <div> '''2: '''''Κλίνη''''' ''' (Strong'S #2825 — Noun Neuter — klinarion — klee'-nay ) </div> <p> a diminutive of No. 1, "a small bed," is used in &nbsp;Acts 5:15 . Some mss. have klinon. See also No. 4. See Couch. </p> <div> '''3: '''''Κοίτη''''' ''' (Strong'S #2845 — Noun [[Feminine]] — koite — koy'-tay ) </div> <p> primarily "a place for lying down" (connected with keimai, "to lie"), denotes a "bed," &nbsp;Luke 11:7; the marriage "bed," &nbsp;Hebrews 13:4; in &nbsp;Romans 13:13 , it is used of sexual intercourse. By metonymy, the cause standing for the effect, it denotes conception, &nbsp;Romans 9:10 . </p> <div> '''4: '''''Κράββατος''''' ''' (Strong'S #2895 — Noun Masculine — krabbatos — krab'-bat-os ) </div> <p> a [[Macedonian]] word (Lat. grabatus), is "a somewhat mean bed, pallet, or mattress for the poor," &nbsp;Mark 2:4,9,11,12; &nbsp;6:55; &nbsp;John 5:8-11; &nbsp;Acts 5:15; &nbsp;9:33 . See also No. 2. See Couch. </p> &nbsp;Acts 9:34[[Furnish]]Spread.

<p> The outer garment worn by day sufficed the poor for bedstead, bed beneath, and covering above, whence it was forbidden to keep it in pledge after sunset, lest the poor man should be without covering (&nbsp;Deuteronomy 24:13). The bolster was often of platted goat's hair (&nbsp;1 Samuel 19:13). A quilt to wrap one's self in is the bed meant in the miracle of Jesus when He said "Take up thy bed and walk" (&nbsp;John 5:8-11). The cushion or seat at the stern was our Lord's "pillow" on the lake of [[Galilee]] (&nbsp;Mark 4:38). Stones served as Jacob's "pillows" (Hebrew) and afterwards as the consecrated pillar to commemorate the divine vision granted him (&nbsp;Genesis 28:11). The divan or platform at the end or sides of a room often served as bedstead. In such a room the master of the house and his family lay, according to the parable (&nbsp;Luke 11:7), "My children are with me in bed." </p> <p> The little chamber, bed, stool, table, and candlestick of [[Elijah]] (&nbsp;2 Kings 4:10) were and are the usual furniture of a sleeping room. Some bed frame is implied in &nbsp;Esther 1:6; &nbsp;2 Samuel 3:31, "bier," margin bed. The giant [[Og]] had one of iron, a marvel in those days (one made of palm sticks is common in the present day), and required by his enormous weight and size (&nbsp;Deuteronomy 3:11). Og in some expedition of his against [[Ammon]] may have left behind him his gigantic bed, to impress his enemy with his super-human greatness, and the [[Ammonites]] may have preserved it in Rabbath, their capital; or [[Israel]] may have sent it to Ammon as a pledge of their friendly intentions (Jehovah having charged them not to disturb Ammon), and also a visible proof of their power in having conquered so mighty a prince as Og. </p> <p> [[Royal]] beds (&nbsp;Song of [[Solomon]] 3:9-10 margin) had pillars of marble or silver, the bottom gold, the covering of purple and divers colors, hangings fastened to the pillarsupported canopy, the beds of gold upon a tesselated pavement (&nbsp;Esther 1:6); compare &nbsp;Amos 6:4, "beds of ivory." Often used as couches in the day (&nbsp;Ezekiel 23:41; &nbsp;Esther 7:8). [[Watchers]] of vineyards had hammocks slung from trees (&nbsp;Isaiah 1:8; &nbsp;Isaiah 24:20). [[Hebrew]] '''''Melunah''''' , "a lodge for the night." [[Arab]] watchers sleep in them to be secure froth wild beasts; translate "the earth shall wave to and fro like a hammock," swung about by the wind. </p> <p> The "bedchamber" where [[Joash]] was hidden was a storeroom for beds, and so well fitted for concealment (&nbsp;2 Kings 11:2; &nbsp;2 Chronicles 22:11), not the usual reclining chamber. The bedroom was usually in the most retired part of the house (&nbsp;1 Kings 22:25; &nbsp;Exodus 8:3; &nbsp;Ecclesiastes 10:20). In &nbsp;Ezekiel 13:18, "Woe to the women that sew pillows to all armholes" ("elbows") the allusion is to false prophetesses making their dupes rest on elbow cushions in fancied ecstasy, a symbol of the "peace" they falsely promised (&nbsp;Ezekiel 13:16). [[Beds]] were placed at the end of the chamber, on an ascent approached by steps: hence "I will not go up into my bed" (&nbsp;Psalms 132:3). </p>

<p> Mattresses, or thick cotton quilts folded, were used for sleeping upon. These were laid upon the duan, or divan, a part of the room elevated above the level of the rest, covered with a carpet in winter, a fine mat in summer. ( See [[Accubation And Banquets]] ) A divan cushion serves for a pillow and bolster. They do not keep their beds made; the mattresses are rolled up, carried away, and placed in a cupboard till they are wanted at night. And hence the propriety of our Lord's address to the paralytic, "Arise, take up thy bed," or mattress, "and walk," &nbsp;Matthew 9:6 . The duan on which these mattresses are placed, is at the end of the chamber, and has an ascent of several steps. Hence [[Hezekiah]] is said to turn his face to the wall when he prayed, that is, from his attendants. In the day the duan was used as a seat, and the place of honour was the corner, &nbsp;Amos 3:12 . </p>

<p> properly '''''מִטָּה''''' '', Mittah'' ' '', '''''Κλίνη''''' ,'' either for rest at night, &nbsp;Exodus 8:3; &nbsp;1 Samuel 19:13; &nbsp;1 Samuel 19:15-16; &nbsp;1 Kings 17:19; &nbsp;2 Kings 4:10; &nbsp;2 Kings 4:21; &nbsp;2 Kings 11:2; &nbsp;2 Chronicles 22:11; &nbsp;Psalms 6:6; &nbsp;Proverbs 26:14; &nbsp;Mark 4:21; &nbsp;Luke 8:16; &nbsp;Luke 17:34; or during illness, &nbsp;Genesis 47:31; &nbsp;Genesis 48:2; &nbsp;Genesis 49:33; &nbsp;1 Samuel 28:23; &nbsp;2 Kings 1:4; &nbsp;2 Kings 1:6; &nbsp;2 Kings 1:16; &nbsp;2 Kings 4:32; &nbsp;Mark 7:30; &nbsp;Revelation 2:22; often simply ''A Sofa'' for ease and quiet, &nbsp;1 Samuel 28:23; &nbsp;Esther 7:8; &nbsp;Amos 3:12; &nbsp;Amos 6:4; once a [[Sedan]] for pleasure, &nbsp;Song of Solomon 3:7; in the New Test. frequently a mere ''Couch,'' consisting of a litter and coverlet, &nbsp;Matthew 9:2; &nbsp;Matthew 9:6; &nbsp;Luke 5:18; &nbsp;Acts 5:15 (for which more properly the diminutive '''''Κλινιδίον''''' , "couch,", &nbsp;Luke 5:19; &nbsp;Luke 5:24; or '''''Κράββατος''''' '','' frequently occurring, usually "bed," once "couch," &nbsp;Acts 5:15; and once in the sense of a more permanent sick-bed, &nbsp;Acts 9:33); used also for [[Bier]] for dead bodies, &nbsp;2 Samuel 3:31; and specially of the ''Triclinium,'' or dinner-bed, &nbsp;Esther 1:6; &nbsp;Ezekiel 23:41; "table," &nbsp;Mark 7:4. Another term of frequent occurrence is '''''מִשְׁכָּב''''' , ''Mishkab'' ' '', '''''Κοίτη''''' ,'' which almost always has the signification of marriage-bed, or some analogous idea (except in the [[Chaldee]] equivalent, '''''מִשְׁכִּב''''' of Dan.), and is often translated by terms expressive of that sense. To these may be added the poetic '''''יָצוּעִ''''' , ''Yatsu'' ' ''A,'' &nbsp;Job 17:13; &nbsp;Psalms 63:6; &nbsp;Psalms 132:3; signifying the same as the preceding in &nbsp;Genesis 49:4; &nbsp;1 Chronicles 5:1; and "chamber" in prose, &nbsp;1 Kings 6:5-6; &nbsp;1 Kings 6:10; also '''''מִצָּע''''' , ''Matstsa'' ' '','' &nbsp;Isaiah 28:20; and, finally, '''''עֶרֶשׂ''''' , [[Er]] ' ''Es,'' signifying, as the derivation shows, a ''Canopied Bed'' of more imposing style, for whatever purpose, &nbsp;Job 7:13; &nbsp;Psalms 41:3; &nbsp;Psalms 132:3 (in the original); &nbsp;Proverbs 7:16; &nbsp;Song of Solomon 1:16; "couch" in &nbsp;Psalms 6:6; &nbsp;Amos 3:12; &nbsp;Amos 6:4; and properly rendered "[[Bedstead]] " in &nbsp;Deuteronomy 3:11. In this last-named passage a [[Coffin]] is thought by some to be meant. (See [[Giant]]). </p> <p> We may distinguish in the Jewish bed the following principal parts: </p> <p> '''1.''' The bedstead was not always necessary, the divan, or platform along the side or end of an Oriental room, sufficing as a support for the bedding. (See [[Bedchamber]]). Yet some slight and portable frame seems implied among the senses of the word '''''מִטָה''''' '', Mittah'' ' '','' which is used for a "bier" (&nbsp;2 Samuel 3:31), and for the ordinary bed (&nbsp;2 Kings 4:10), for the litter on which a sick person might be carried (&nbsp;1 Samuel 19:15), for Jacob's bed of sickness (&nbsp;Genesis 47:31), and for the couch on which guests reclined at a banquet (&nbsp;Esther 1:6). (See [[Couch]]). Thus it seems the comprehensive and generic term. The proper word for a bedstead appears to be '''''עֶרֶשׂ''''' , e' ''Res,'' used &nbsp;Deuteronomy 3:11, to describe that on which lay the giant Og, whose vast bulk and weight required one of iron. (See Bedstead). </p> <p> '''2.''' The substratum or bottom portion of the bed itself was limited to a mere mat, or one or more quilts. </p> <p> '''3.''' Over this a quilt finer than those used for the under part of the bed. In summer, a thin blanket, or the outer garment worn by day (&nbsp;1 Samuel 19:13), sufficed. This latter, in the case of a poor person, often formed the entire bedding, and that without a bedstead. Hence the law provided that it should not be kept in pledge after sunset, that the poor man might not lack his needful covering (&nbsp;Deuteronomy 24:13). '''4.''' The bed-clothes. The only material mentioned for this is that which occurs &nbsp;1 Samuel 19:13, and the word used is of doubtful meaning, but seems to signify some fabric woven or plaited of goat's hair. It is clear, however, that it was something hastily adopted to serve as a pillow, and is not decisive of the ordinary use. </p> <p> '''5.''' In Ezra 13:18, occurs the word '''''כֶּסֶת''''' , [[Ke]] '[[Seth]] (Sept. '''''Προσκεφάλαιον''''' ), which seems to be the proper term. Such pillows are common to this day in the East, formed of sheep's fleece or goat's skin, with a stuffing of cotton, etc. We read of a "pillow," also, in the boat in which our Lord lay asleep (&nbsp;Mark 4:38) as he crossed the lake. The block of stone, such as Jacob used, covered, perhaps, with a garment, was not unusual among the poorer folk, shepherds, etc. (See [[Pillow]]). </p> <p> '''6.''' The ornamental portions, and those which luxury added, were pillars and a canopy (&nbsp;Judith 13:9); ivory carvings, gold and silver (Joseph. ''Ant.'' 12, 21, 14), and probably mosaic work, purple and fine linen, are also mentioned as constituting parts of beds (&nbsp;Esther 1:6; &nbsp;Song of Solomon 3:9-10), where the word '''''אִפִּרְיוֹן''''' , ''Appiryon'' ' (Sept. '''''Φορεῖον''''' ), seems to mean "a litter" (&nbsp;Proverbs 7:16-17; Amos 11:4). So also are perfumes. (See [[Sleep]]). </p>