Difference between revisions of "Perish"
(Created page with "== Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words <ref name="term_78819" /> == <div> '''1: ἀπόλλυμι ''' (Strong'S #622 Verb apollumi ap-ol'-loo-mee ) </div> <p> "t...") |
|||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
== Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words <ref name="term_78819" /> == | == Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words <ref name="term_78819" /> == | ||
<div> '''1: | <div> '''1: '''''Ἀπόλλυμι''''' ''' (Strong'S #622 — Verb — apollumi — ap-ol'-loo-mee ) </div> <p> "to destroy," signifies, in the Middle Voice, "to perish," and is thus used (a) of things, e.g., Matthew 5:29,30; Luke 5:37; Acts 27:34 , RV, "perish" (in some texts pipto, "to fall," as AV); Hebrews 1:11; 2—Peter 3:6; Revelation 18:14 (2nd part), RV, "perished" (in some texts aperchomai, "to depart," as AV); (b) of persons, e.g., Matthew 8:25; John 3:15,16; 10:28; 17:12 , RV, "perished" (AV, "is lost"); Romans 2:12; 1—Corinthians 1:18 , lit., "the perishing," where the perfective force of the verb implies the completion of the process of destruction (Moulton, Proleg., p. 114); 1—Corinthians 8:11; 15:18; 2—Peter 3:9; Jude 1:11 . For the meaning of the word see [[Destroy]] , No. 1. </p> <div> '''2: '''''Συναπόλλυμι''''' ''' (Strong'S #4881 — Verb — sunapollumi — soon-ap-ol'-loo-mee ) </div> <p> in the Middle Voice, denotes "to perish together" (sun, "with," and No. 1), Hebrews 11:31 . </p> <div> '''3: '''''Ἀποθνῄσκω''''' ''' (Strong'S #599 — Verb — apothnesko — ap-oth-nace'-ko ) </div> <p> "to die;" in Matthew 8:32 "perished," See [[Die]] , No. 2. </p> <div> '''4: '''''Ἀφανίζω''''' ''' (Strong'S #853 — Verb — aphanizo — af-an-id'-zo ) </div> <p> "to make unseen" (a, negative, phaino, "to cause to appear"), in the Passive Voice, is translated "perish" in Acts 13:41 (RV, marg., "vanish away"). See Disfigure. </p> <div> '''5: '''''Διαφθείρω''''' ''' (Strong'S #1311 — Verb — diaphtheiro — dee-af-thi'-ro ) </div> <p> "to corrupt," is rendered "perish" in 2—Corinthians 4:16 , AV (RV, "is decaying"). See [[Corrupt]] , No. 3, [[Decay]] </p> Acts 8:20[[Destruction]] Colossians 2:22Corrupt 2—Peter 2:12Corrupt | ||
== Vine's Expository Dictionary of OT Words <ref name="term_76451" /> == | == Vine's Expository Dictionary of OT Words <ref name="term_76451" /> == | ||
<p> | <p> '''A. Verb.''' </p> <p> <em> 'Âbad </em> ( '''''אָבַד''''' , Strong'S #6), “to perish, die, be lost, go astray, go to ruin, succumb, be carried off, fail.” The word occurs in all the branches of the Semitic languages including biblical Aramaic. Biblical [[Hebrew]] attests this verb at every time period and about 120 times. </p> <p> Basically <em> 'âbad </em> represents the disappearance of someone or something. In its strongest sense the word means “to die or to cease to exist.” The Lord warned [[Israel]] that disobedience and godlessness would be punished by their removal from the [[Promised]] Land and death in a foreign land: “And ye shall perish among the heathen, and the land of your enemies shall eat you up” (Lev. 26:38). This sense may be further heightened by the use of the intensive stem so that the verb comes to mean “utterly destroy.” The stem also changes the force of the verb from intransitive to transitive. So God told Israel “to utterly destroy” (“bring to non-existence”) the false gods of Canaan: “… [Utterly] destroy all their pictures and [utterly] destroy all their molten images …” (Num. 33:52). The force of this command was further heightened when He said: “Ye shall utterly destroy all the places, wherein the nations which ye shall possess served their gods … and destroy the names of them out of that place” (Deut. 12:2-3). This intensified sense is used of the destruction of peoples (armies), too; as for Pharaoh’s army, “the Lord hath destroyed them unto this day” (Deut. 11:4). </p> <p> A somewhat different emphasis of <em> 'âbad </em> is “to go to ruin” or “to be ruined.” After the second plague Pharaoh’s counsellors told him to grant Israel’s request to leave because the nation was in ruins: “… knowest thou not yet that Egypt is destroyed [ruined]?” (Exod. 10:7—the first biblical occurrence). In a similar sense [[Moab]] is said “to be ruined” or laid waste: “Woe to thee, Moab! Thou art undone [NASB, “ruined”], [[O]] people of [[Chemosh]] … We have shot at them; [[Heshbon]] is perished even unto Dibon, and we have laid them waste even unto [[Nophah]] …” (Num. 21:29-30). </p> <p> Closely related to the immediately preceding emphasis is that of “to succumb.” This use of <em> 'âbad </em> focuses on the process rather than the conclusion. The sons of Israel spoke to Moses about the disastrous effects of everyone drawing near to God. They needed some mediators (priests) who could focus on keeping ritualistically prepared so they would not die when they approached God. They used the verb, therefore, in the sense of the nation gradually perishing, or “succumbing” to death: “Behold, we die, we perish, we all perish. [[Whosoever]] cometh any thing near unto the tabernacle of the Lord shall die: shall we be consumed with dying?” (Num. 17:12-13). God responds by establishing the priesthood so “that there be no wrath any more upon the children of Israel” (Num. 18:5). </p> <p> <em> 'Âbad </em> can also speak of being carried off to death or destruction by some means. The leaders of the rebellion against the Aaronic priesthood (Korah, Dathan, and Abiram) and their families were swallowed up by the ground: “… and the earth closed upon them: and they perished from among the congregation” (Num. 16:33). This same nuance appears when God says the people will “perish” from off the land if they do not keep the covenant: “… Ye shall soon utterly perish from off the land whereunto ye go over [[Jordan]] to possess it; ye shall not prolong your days upon it, but shall utterly be destroyed” (Deut. 4:26). As a nation they will be destroyed as far as the land is concerned. </p> <p> The verb may mean to disappear but not be destroyed, in other words “to be lost.” God instructs Israel concerning lost possessions: “In like manner shalt thou do with his ass; and so shalt thou do with his raiment; and with all lost things of thy brother’s, which he hath lost, and thou hast found, shalt thou do likewise: thou mayest not hide thyself” (Deut. 22:3). Israel is called “lost sheep” whose “shepherds have caused them to go astray” (Jer. 50:6). </p> <p> Another nuance of the verb is “to go astray” in the sense of wandering. At the dedication of the first fruits Israel is to recognize God’s rights to the land, that He is the landowner and they are the temporary tenants, by confessing “a [[Syrian]] ready to perish was my father” (Deut. 26:5; NASB, “my father was a wandering Aramean”). </p> <p> Finally, <em> 'âbad </em> can be applied to human qualities which are lessening or have lessened: “For they are a nation void of counsel, neither is there any understanding in them” (Deut. 32:28). The word can also be used of the failure of human wisdom as in Ps. 146:4: as for men “his breath goeth forth, he returneth to his earth; in that very day his thoughts perish.” </p> <p> '''B. Nouns. ''' </p> <p> There are four nouns related to the verb. <em> ‘Abedah </em> , which is found 4 times, refers to a “thing which has been lost” (Exod. 22:9). The noun <em> ‘abaddon </em> occurs 6 times and means “the place of destruction” (Job 26:6). <em> ‘Abdan </em> occurs once with the meaning “destruction” (Esth. 9:5). A variant spelling <em> ‘abdan </em> also occurs twice with the meaning “destruction” (Esth. 8:6; 9:5). </p> | ||
== Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types <ref name="term_198160" /> == | == Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types <ref name="term_198160" /> == | ||
<p> This word does not mean annihilation nor obliteration. It always means that the thing under consideration is destroyed from its usefulness. </p> <p> Deuteronomy 26:5 (c) This refers to a nation that was under condemnation from | <p> This word does not mean annihilation nor obliteration. It always means that the thing under consideration is destroyed from its usefulness. </p> <p> Deuteronomy 26:5 (c) This refers to a nation that was under condemnation from GOD because of their idolatry, and therefore was subject to the curse and punishment of GOD. </p> <p> Psalm 1:6 (b) The manner of life of the unsaved man brings no blessing to GOD, and has no value in GOD's sight. </p> <p> Matthew 5:29 (b) The member that is cut off is of no further use. It has not been annihilated, nor obliterated, but only incapacitated. </p> <p> Luke 5:37 (b) The bottles in those days were made of skins. If the bottle was burst, the skin broken, then it could hold no wine, and therefore was of no use. The bottle had not disappeared, nor been annihilated, nor been obliterated, but only incapacitated. </p> <p> John 3:16 (a) We should note that the passage does not say that the soul will not perish. It says that the person will not perish. It evidently indicates that the voice is saved instead of being wasted. The money is saved instead of being squandered. The time is saved instead of being wasted, and the talents are being put to profitable use. Otherwise, the life has no value to GOD. Of course, it also means that the soul is saved from hell, and also from judgment. </p> <p> 1 Corinthians 1:18 (a) The passage refers to those who are lost in sin. Their lives are of no value to GOD. They spend their time, talents and treasures on self and on humanitarian projects. These are called "perishing people." (See also2Co 2:15; 2 Thessalonians 2:10; 2 Peter 3:9). </p> <p> Hebrews 1:11 (a) There is coming a day when our Lord will cause the present heavens and the present earth to flee away. We do not understand what happens to them, nor where they go. We do know that they will disappear by the Word of GOD, and the new [[Heaven]] and the new earth will take their place. We read in another place "they shall be moved out of their places." </p> | ||
== King James Dictionary <ref name="term_62060" /> == | == King James Dictionary <ref name="term_62060" /> == | ||
<p> | <p> PER'ISH, pereo, supposed to be compounded of per and eo, to go literally, to depart wholly. </p> 1. To die to lose life in any manner applied to animals. Men perish by disease or decay, by the sword, by drowning, by hunger or famine, &c. 2. To die to wither and decay applied to plants. 3. To waste away as, a leg or an arm has perished. 4. To be in a state of decay or passing away. <p> Duration, and time which is part of it, is the idea we have of perishing distance. </p> 5. To be destroyed to come to nothing. <p> [[Perish]] the lore that deadens young desire. </p> 6. To fail entirely or to be extirpated. 2 Kings 9 7. To be burst or ruined as, the bottles shall perish. <p> Luke 5 . </p> 8. To be wasted or rendered useless. Jeremiah 9 9. To be injured or tormented. 1 Corinthians 8 10. To be lost eternally to be sentenced to endless misery. 2 Peter 2 <p> PER'ISH, To destroy. Not legitimate. </p> | ||
== Webster's Dictionary <ref name="term_155503" /> == | == Webster's Dictionary <ref name="term_155503" /> == | ||
Latest revision as of 12:41, 14 October 2021
Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words [1]
"to destroy," signifies, in the Middle Voice, "to perish," and is thus used (a) of things, e.g., Matthew 5:29,30; Luke 5:37; Acts 27:34 , RV, "perish" (in some texts pipto, "to fall," as AV); Hebrews 1:11; 2—Peter 3:6; Revelation 18:14 (2nd part), RV, "perished" (in some texts aperchomai, "to depart," as AV); (b) of persons, e.g., Matthew 8:25; John 3:15,16; 10:28; 17:12 , RV, "perished" (AV, "is lost"); Romans 2:12; 1—Corinthians 1:18 , lit., "the perishing," where the perfective force of the verb implies the completion of the process of destruction (Moulton, Proleg., p. 114); 1—Corinthians 8:11; 15:18; 2—Peter 3:9; Jude 1:11 . For the meaning of the word see Destroy , No. 1.
in the Middle Voice, denotes "to perish together" (sun, "with," and No. 1), Hebrews 11:31 .
"to die;" in Matthew 8:32 "perished," See Die , No. 2.
"to make unseen" (a, negative, phaino, "to cause to appear"), in the Passive Voice, is translated "perish" in Acts 13:41 (RV, marg., "vanish away"). See Disfigure.
"to corrupt," is rendered "perish" in 2—Corinthians 4:16 , AV (RV, "is decaying"). See Corrupt , No. 3, Decay
Acts 8:20Destruction Colossians 2:22Corrupt 2—Peter 2:12Corrupt
Vine's Expository Dictionary of OT Words [2]
A. Verb.
'Âbad ( אָבַד , Strong'S #6), “to perish, die, be lost, go astray, go to ruin, succumb, be carried off, fail.” The word occurs in all the branches of the Semitic languages including biblical Aramaic. Biblical Hebrew attests this verb at every time period and about 120 times.
Basically 'âbad represents the disappearance of someone or something. In its strongest sense the word means “to die or to cease to exist.” The Lord warned Israel that disobedience and godlessness would be punished by their removal from the Promised Land and death in a foreign land: “And ye shall perish among the heathen, and the land of your enemies shall eat you up” (Lev. 26:38). This sense may be further heightened by the use of the intensive stem so that the verb comes to mean “utterly destroy.” The stem also changes the force of the verb from intransitive to transitive. So God told Israel “to utterly destroy” (“bring to non-existence”) the false gods of Canaan: “… [Utterly] destroy all their pictures and [utterly] destroy all their molten images …” (Num. 33:52). The force of this command was further heightened when He said: “Ye shall utterly destroy all the places, wherein the nations which ye shall possess served their gods … and destroy the names of them out of that place” (Deut. 12:2-3). This intensified sense is used of the destruction of peoples (armies), too; as for Pharaoh’s army, “the Lord hath destroyed them unto this day” (Deut. 11:4).
A somewhat different emphasis of 'âbad is “to go to ruin” or “to be ruined.” After the second plague Pharaoh’s counsellors told him to grant Israel’s request to leave because the nation was in ruins: “… knowest thou not yet that Egypt is destroyed [ruined]?” (Exod. 10:7—the first biblical occurrence). In a similar sense Moab is said “to be ruined” or laid waste: “Woe to thee, Moab! Thou art undone [NASB, “ruined”], O people of Chemosh … We have shot at them; Heshbon is perished even unto Dibon, and we have laid them waste even unto Nophah …” (Num. 21:29-30).
Closely related to the immediately preceding emphasis is that of “to succumb.” This use of 'âbad focuses on the process rather than the conclusion. The sons of Israel spoke to Moses about the disastrous effects of everyone drawing near to God. They needed some mediators (priests) who could focus on keeping ritualistically prepared so they would not die when they approached God. They used the verb, therefore, in the sense of the nation gradually perishing, or “succumbing” to death: “Behold, we die, we perish, we all perish. Whosoever cometh any thing near unto the tabernacle of the Lord shall die: shall we be consumed with dying?” (Num. 17:12-13). God responds by establishing the priesthood so “that there be no wrath any more upon the children of Israel” (Num. 18:5).
'Âbad can also speak of being carried off to death or destruction by some means. The leaders of the rebellion against the Aaronic priesthood (Korah, Dathan, and Abiram) and their families were swallowed up by the ground: “… and the earth closed upon them: and they perished from among the congregation” (Num. 16:33). This same nuance appears when God says the people will “perish” from off the land if they do not keep the covenant: “… Ye shall soon utterly perish from off the land whereunto ye go over Jordan to possess it; ye shall not prolong your days upon it, but shall utterly be destroyed” (Deut. 4:26). As a nation they will be destroyed as far as the land is concerned.
The verb may mean to disappear but not be destroyed, in other words “to be lost.” God instructs Israel concerning lost possessions: “In like manner shalt thou do with his ass; and so shalt thou do with his raiment; and with all lost things of thy brother’s, which he hath lost, and thou hast found, shalt thou do likewise: thou mayest not hide thyself” (Deut. 22:3). Israel is called “lost sheep” whose “shepherds have caused them to go astray” (Jer. 50:6).
Another nuance of the verb is “to go astray” in the sense of wandering. At the dedication of the first fruits Israel is to recognize God’s rights to the land, that He is the landowner and they are the temporary tenants, by confessing “a Syrian ready to perish was my father” (Deut. 26:5; NASB, “my father was a wandering Aramean”).
Finally, 'âbad can be applied to human qualities which are lessening or have lessened: “For they are a nation void of counsel, neither is there any understanding in them” (Deut. 32:28). The word can also be used of the failure of human wisdom as in Ps. 146:4: as for men “his breath goeth forth, he returneth to his earth; in that very day his thoughts perish.”
B. Nouns.
There are four nouns related to the verb. ‘Abedah , which is found 4 times, refers to a “thing which has been lost” (Exod. 22:9). The noun ‘abaddon occurs 6 times and means “the place of destruction” (Job 26:6). ‘Abdan occurs once with the meaning “destruction” (Esth. 9:5). A variant spelling ‘abdan also occurs twice with the meaning “destruction” (Esth. 8:6; 9:5).
Wilson's Dictionary of Bible Types [3]
This word does not mean annihilation nor obliteration. It always means that the thing under consideration is destroyed from its usefulness.
Deuteronomy 26:5 (c) This refers to a nation that was under condemnation from GOD because of their idolatry, and therefore was subject to the curse and punishment of GOD.
Psalm 1:6 (b) The manner of life of the unsaved man brings no blessing to GOD, and has no value in GOD's sight.
Matthew 5:29 (b) The member that is cut off is of no further use. It has not been annihilated, nor obliterated, but only incapacitated.
Luke 5:37 (b) The bottles in those days were made of skins. If the bottle was burst, the skin broken, then it could hold no wine, and therefore was of no use. The bottle had not disappeared, nor been annihilated, nor been obliterated, but only incapacitated.
John 3:16 (a) We should note that the passage does not say that the soul will not perish. It says that the person will not perish. It evidently indicates that the voice is saved instead of being wasted. The money is saved instead of being squandered. The time is saved instead of being wasted, and the talents are being put to profitable use. Otherwise, the life has no value to GOD. Of course, it also means that the soul is saved from hell, and also from judgment.
1 Corinthians 1:18 (a) The passage refers to those who are lost in sin. Their lives are of no value to GOD. They spend their time, talents and treasures on self and on humanitarian projects. These are called "perishing people." (See also2Co 2:15; 2 Thessalonians 2:10; 2 Peter 3:9).
Hebrews 1:11 (a) There is coming a day when our Lord will cause the present heavens and the present earth to flee away. We do not understand what happens to them, nor where they go. We do know that they will disappear by the Word of GOD, and the new Heaven and the new earth will take their place. We read in another place "they shall be moved out of their places."
King James Dictionary [4]
PER'ISH, pereo, supposed to be compounded of per and eo, to go literally, to depart wholly.
1. To die to lose life in any manner applied to animals. Men perish by disease or decay, by the sword, by drowning, by hunger or famine, &c. 2. To die to wither and decay applied to plants. 3. To waste away as, a leg or an arm has perished. 4. To be in a state of decay or passing away.
Duration, and time which is part of it, is the idea we have of perishing distance.
5. To be destroyed to come to nothing.
Perish the lore that deadens young desire.
6. To fail entirely or to be extirpated. 2 Kings 9 7. To be burst or ruined as, the bottles shall perish.
Luke 5 .
8. To be wasted or rendered useless. Jeremiah 9 9. To be injured or tormented. 1 Corinthians 8 10. To be lost eternally to be sentenced to endless misery. 2 Peter 2
PER'ISH, To destroy. Not legitimate.
Webster's Dictionary [5]
(1): ( v. t.) To cause perish.
(2): ( v. i.) To be destroyed; to pass away; to become nothing; to be lost; to die; hence, to wither; to waste away.
