Bay-Tree

== American Tract Society Bible Dictionary ==

The bay tree is the Laurel of North America and the south of Europe; an evergreen tree, a wreath from which has been from time immemorial the symbolical crown of poets and warriors. The word rendered "bay- tree" in Psalm 37:35 , seems to mean simply a native, green and vigorous.

== Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible ==

BAY-TREE ( ’ezrâch , Psalms 37:35 ) is probably a mistranslation for ‘a tree in its native soil’ (RV [Note: Revised Version.] ). Many authorities, however, would here emend the Heb. text to read ’erez , ‘cedar.’

E. W. G. Masterman.

== Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary ==

אזרה . It is mentioned only in Psalms 37:35-36 : "I have seen the ungodly in great power, and flourishing like a green bay-tree. Yet he passed away, and lo, he was not. Yea, I sought him, but he could not be found." Aben Ezra, Jarchi, Kimchi, Jerom, and some others say that the original may mean only a native tree; a tree growing in its native soil, not having suffered by transplantation. Such a tree spreads itself luxuriantly. The Septuagint and Vulgate render it cedars; but the high Dutch of Luther's Bible, the old Saxon, the French, the Spanish, the Italian of Diodati, and the version of Ainsworth, make it the laurel.

== Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature ==

(אֶזרָח, ezrach', native; Sept. αἱ κέδροι τοῦ Λιβάνου, apparently by mistake for אִרְזָה ) occurs only once in Scripture as the name of a tree, namely, in Psalms 37:35 : "I have seen the wicked in great power, spreading himself like a green bay-tree;" where some suppose it to indicate a specific tree, as the laurel; and others, supported by the Sept. and Vulg. the cedar of Lebanon. It is by some considered to mean an evergreen tree, and by others a green tree that grows in its native soil, or that has not suffered by transplanting, as such a tree spreads itself luxuriantly (so Gesenius, Thes. Heb. s.v. in accordance with the etymology). Others, again, as the unknown author of the sixth Greek edition, who is quoted by Celsius (1, 194), consider the word as referring to the "indigenous man," in the sense of self-sufficiency; and this opinion is adopted by Celsius himself, who states that recent interpreters have adopted the laurel or bay-tree for no other reason than because it is an evergreen. Sir Thomas Browne, indeed, says, "As the sense of the text is sufficiently answered by this, we are unwilling to exclude that noble plant from the honor of having its name in Scripture." Isidore de Barriere, on the contrary, concludes that the laurel is not mentioned in Scripture because it has been profaned by Gentile fables. But the abuse of a thing should not prevent its proper use; and if such a principle had been acted on, we should not have found in Scripture mention of any trees or plants employed by the Gentiles in their superstitious ceremonies, as the vine, the olive, and the cedar. (See Native).