Difference between revisions of "Vinegar"

<div> '''1: ὄξος ''' (Strong'S #3690 — Noun Neuter — oxos — ox'-os ) </div> <p> akin to oxus, "sharp," denotes "sour wine," the ordinary drink of laborers and common soldiers; it is used in the four [[Gospels]] of the "vinegar" offered to the Lord at His crucifixion. In &nbsp;Matthew 27:34 the best texts have oinos, "wine" (RV). Some have oxos (AV, "vinegar"), but &nbsp; Mark 15:23 (AV and RV) confirms the RV in the passage in Matthew. This which the soldiers offered before crucifying, was refused by Him, as it was designed to alleviate His sufferings; the "vinegar" is mentioned in &nbsp; Mark 15:36; so &nbsp;Luke 23:36; &nbsp;John 19:29,30 . In the Sept., &nbsp;Numbers 6:3; &nbsp;Ruth 2:14; &nbsp;Psalm 69:21; &nbsp;Proverbs 25:20 . </p>

<p> Hebrew chomets , Greek oxos . Wine soured. Acid and unpalatable (&nbsp;Proverbs 10:26), yet to thirsty labourors the acid relieved thirst (&nbsp;Ruth 2:14). So it was used by Roman soldiers, pure, or mixed with water and called posca. Pourer on nitre or potash it causes effervescence (&nbsp;Proverbs 25:20). Instead of cordials, Christ's enemies gave Him on the cross first vinegar mixed with gall (&nbsp;Matthew 27:34), and myrrh (&nbsp;Mark 15:23); which after tasting He declined, for He would not encounter sufferings in a state of stupefaction by the myrrh; to criminals it would have been a kindness, to the Sinbearer it was meant as an insult (&nbsp;Luke 33:36). Toward the close of His crucifixion, to fulfill [[Scripture]] He cried "I thirst," and vinegar was brought which He received (&nbsp;John 19:28; &nbsp;Matthew 27:48). </p>

<p> ( חֹמֵוֹ; Sept. and N.T. ὄξος; Vulg. ''Acetun'' )''.'' The Hebrew term ''Chomets'' was applied to a beverage; consisting generally of wine or strong drink turned sour (whence its use was proscribed to the Nazarite, &nbsp;Numbers 6:3), but sometimes artificially made by an admixture of barley and wine, and thus liable to fermentation (Mishna, Pesach. 3, 1). It was acid even to a proverb (&nbsp;Proverbs 10:26), and by itself formed a nauseous draught (&nbsp;Psalms 69:21), but was serviceable for the purpose of sopping bread, as used by laborers (&nbsp;Ruth 2:14), being refreshing in the heat (Pliny, 23:26; comp. 2, 49). The degree of its acidity may be inferred from &nbsp;Proverbs 25:20, where its effect on niter is noticed. (See Wine). Similar to the ''Chomets'' of the Hebrews was the ''Acetum'' of the Romans — a thin, sour wine, consumed by soldiers (Veget. ''De [[Re]] Mil. 4'' :7) either in a pure state or, more usually, mixed with water, when it was termed ''Posca'' (Pliny, 19:29; Spartian. Hadr. 10). This was the beverage of which the [[Savior]] partook in his dying moments (&nbsp;Matthew 27:48; &nbsp;Mark 15:36; &nbsp;John 19:29-30), and doubtless it was refreshing to his exhausted frame, though offered in derision either on that occasion or previously (&nbsp;Luke 23:36). The same liquid, mingled with gall (as Matthew states, probably with the view of marking the fulfillment of the prediction in &nbsp;Psalms 69:21), or with myrrh (as Mark states, with an eye to the exact historical fact), was offered to the Savior at an earlier stage of his sufferings, in order to deaden the perception of pain (&nbsp;Matthew 27:34; &nbsp;Mark 15:23). See Grabner, ''De Posca'' (Misen. 1701; Pfaff, ''De Felle Esca'' (Tub. 1755); ''Bynieus, De Morte [[Jesu]] Chr.'' 3, 265. (See [[Crucifixion]]). </p>

<p> ''''' vin´ḗ ''''' - ''''' gẽr ''''' ( חמץ , <i> ''''' ḥōmec ''''' </i> ; ὄξος , <i> ''''' óxos ''''' </i> ): Vinegar, whose use as a condiment (Rth 2:14) needs no comment, is formed when a saccharine fluid passes through a fermentation that produces acetic acid. In the ancient world vinegar was usually made of wine, although any fruit juice can be utilized in its manufacture, and "vinegar of strong drink" (palm juice?) is mentioned in &nbsp; Numbers 6:3 . Undiluted vinegar is of course undrinkable, and to offer it to a thirsty man is mockery (&nbsp;Psalm 69:21 ), but a mixture of water and vinegar makes a beverage that was very popular among the poor (Greek <i> '''''oxos''''' </i> , <i> '''''oxúkraton''''' </i> , Latin <i> posca </i> - names applied also to diluted sour wine). It is mentioned in &nbsp; Numbers 6:3 (forbidden to the Nazirite) and again in the Gospels in the account of the Crucifixion. The executioners had brought it in a vessel (&nbsp; John 19:29 ) for their own use and at first "offered" it to Christ, while keeping it out of reach (&nbsp;Luke 23:36 ). But at the end the drink was given Him on a sponge (&nbsp;Mark 15:36; &nbsp;Matthew 27:48; &nbsp;John 19:29 , &nbsp;John 19:30 ). In addition, the King James Version, following Textus Receptus of the New Testament, has "vinegar ... mingled with gall" in &nbsp;Matthew 27:34 , but this rests on a false reading, probably due to &nbsp;Psalm 69:21 , and the Revised Version (British and American) rightly has "wine." Vinegar, like all acids, is injurious to the teeth (&nbsp;Proverbs 10:26 ); and when it is combined with niter an effervescence is produced (&nbsp;Proverbs 25:20 ). The appropriateness of the last figure, however, is obscure, and [[Septuagint]] reads "as vinegar on a <i> wound </i> ," causing pain. </p>