Difference between revisions of "Trespass"

<p> '''A. Verb. ''' </p> <p> <em> Mâ‛al </em> ( '''''מָעַל''''' , Strong'S #4603), “to trespass, act unfaithfully.” This verb is not very common in Hebrew, biblical or rabbinic. It occurs 35 times in the [[Hebrew]] Old Testament, particularly in late Hebrew. Translations may give a separate translation of the verb and the noun <em> mâ‛al </em> , but most combine them into one phrase in which the verb takes the meaning of “to act” or “to commit”—e.g., Josh. 7:1: “But the children of [[Israel]] committed [ <em> mâ‛al </em> ] a trespass [ <em> mâ‛al </em> ] in the accursed thing …” (KJV); “But the [[Israelites]] acted unfaithfully” (NIV). Some versions give the sense more freely: “But the people of Israel broke faith” (RSV); “But the Israelites defied the ban” (NEB). </p> <p> The first occurrence of the verb (together with the noun) is found in Lev. 5:15: “If a soul commit a trespass, and sin through ignorance.…” The sense of the verb is similar to the verb “to sin.” In fact, in the next chapter the verb for “to sin” and <em> mâ‛al </em> are used together: “If a soul sin, and commit a trespass against the Lord, and lie unto his neighbor …” (Lev. 6:2). The combining of these two usages in Leviticus is significant. First, it shows that the verb may be a synonym for “to sin.” <em> Mâ‛al </em> has basically this meaning in Lev. 5:15, since the sin is here out of ignorance instead of a deliberate act of treachery. Second, the meaning of <em> mâ‛al </em> is further expressed by a verb indicating the intent of being unfaithful to one’s neighbor for personal profit (“commit a trespass against the Lord, and lie unto his neighbor …”). </p> <p> The offense is against God, even when one acts unfaithfully against one’s neighbor. In 2 Chron. 29:6 we read: “For our fathers have trespassed, and done that which was evil in the eyes of the Lord our God, and have forsaken him …”; and Daniel prayed: “… Because of their trespass that they have trespassed against thee” (Dan. 9:7; cf. NIV, “… because of our unfaithfulness to you”). </p> <p> In view of the additional significance of “treachery,” many versions translate the verb “to act unfaithfully” or “to act treacherously” instead of “to transgress” or “to commit a trespass.” Both the verb and the noun have strongly negative overtones, which the translator must convey in English. When God spoke to Ezekiel: “Son of man, when the land sinneth against me by trespassing grievously, then will I stretch out mine hand upon it, and … cut off man and beast from it” (Ezek. 14:13), He communicated also His displeasure with Israel’s rebellious, treacherous attitude. This is communicated in other versions: “Son of man, if a country sins against me by being unfaithful …” (NIV); “Son of man, if a country sins against Me by committing unfaithfulness …” (NASB). </p> <p> The verb <em> mâ‛al </em> generally expresses man’s unfaithfulness to God (Lev. 26:40; Deut. 32:51; 2 Chron. 12:2; Ezra 10:2; Ezek. 14:13). The word further signifies man’s unfaithfulness to his fellow man; particularly it is illustrative of unfaithfulness in marriage: “If any man’s wife go aside, and commit a trespass against him, And a man lie with her carnally …” (Num. 5:12-13). In this sense also must Lev. 6:2 be understood: “If anyone sins and is unfaithful to the Lord by deceiving his neighbor about something entrusted to him …” (NIV) </p> <p> In the [[Septuagint]] we find these translations: <em> athetein </em> (“to nullify; reject; commit an offense”); <em> asunthetein </em> —(“to be faithless”); and <em> aphistaveiv </em> (“to mislead; withdraw”). Modern versions set forth more explicitly the overt nature of the sin than the KJV (“trespass; transgress”): [[Rsv, Nasb, Niv]]  “act or be unfaithful; [[Rsv, Nasb]]  “to break faith.” </p> <p> '''B. Noun. ''' </p> <p> <em> Ma‛al </em> ( '''''מַעַל''''' , Strong'S #4604), “trespass; unfaithful, treacherous act.” This noun is used 29 times in biblical Hebrew. In addition to the primary sense of “trespass,” given in KJV, there may be an indication of the motivation through which the sin was committed. Most of the usages support the idea of “faithlessness, treachery.” It is an act committed by a person who knows better but who, for selfish motives, acts in bad faith. The story of [[Achan]] bears out the attitude of treachery (Josh. 7:1). Joshua challenged Israel not to follow the example of Achan: “Did not Achan the son of [[Zerah]] commit [ <em> ma‛al </em> ] a trespass [ <em> ma‛al </em> ] in the accursed thing, and wrath fell on all the congregation of Israel?” (Josh. 22:20). </p> <p> In 2 Chron. 29:19 the “faithlessness” was committed against God: “Moreover all the vessels which king [[Ahaz]] in his reign did cast away in his transgression.…” <em> Ma‛al </em> also appears in Ezra 9:2: “… Yea, the hand of the princes and rulers hath been chief in this trespass.” </p>

<div> '''A — 1: '''''Παράπτωμα''''' ''' (Strong'S #3900 — Noun Neuter — paraptoma — par-ap'-to-mah ) </div> <p> primarily "a false step, a blunder" (akin to parapipto, "to fall away," &nbsp;Hebrews 6:6 ), lit., "a fall beside," used ethically, denotes "a trespass," a deviation, from uprightness and truth, &nbsp;Matthew 6:14,15 (twice); 18:35, in some mss.; &nbsp; Mark 11:25,26; in Romans the RV substitutes "trespass" and "trespasses" for AV, "offense" and "offenses," &nbsp;Romans 4:25 , "for (i.e., because of) our trespasses;" &nbsp;Romans 5:15 (twice), where the trespass is that of Adam (in contrast to the free gift of righteousness, ver. 17, a contrast in the nature and the effects); &nbsp; Romans 5:16 , where "of many trespasses" expresses a contrast of quantity; the condemnation resulted from one "trespass," the free gift is "of (ek, expressing the origin, and throwing stress upon God's justifying grace in Christ) many trespasses;" &nbsp;Romans 5:17 , introducing contrast between legal effects and those of [[Divine]] grace; &nbsp;Romans 5:18 , where the RV, "through one trepass," is contrasted with "one act of righteousness;" this is important, the difference is not between one man's "trespass" and Christ's righteousness (as AV), but between two acts, that of Adam's "trespass" and the vicarious death of Christ; &nbsp;Romans 5:20 [(cp. [[Transgression, B]]  No. 1 (d)]; in &nbsp; 2—Corinthians 5:19 , AV and RV, "trespasses;" in &nbsp;Ephesians 1:7 , RV, "trespasses" (AV, "sins"); in &nbsp;Ephesians 2:1 , RV, "(dead through your) trespasses," AV, "(dead in) trespasses;" &nbsp;Ephesians 2:5 , RV, "(dead through our) trespasses," AV, "(dead in) sins;" so &nbsp;Colossians 2:13 (1st part); in the 2nd part, AV and RV, "trespasses." </p> &nbsp;Galatians 6:1&nbsp;Galatians 5:19&nbsp;James 5:16&nbsp;Romans 11:11,12[[Fall]] <div> '''B — 1: '''''Ἁμαρτάνω''''' ''' (Strong'S #264 — Verb — hamartano — ham-ar-tan'-o ) </div> <p> "to sin," is translated "to trespass," in the AV of &nbsp;Matthew 18:15; &nbsp;Luke 17:3,4 (RV, "to sin"). </p> Sin.

<p> [[Tres'Pass, L]]  trans, beyond, and passer, to pass. </p> 1. Literally, to pass beyond hence primarily, to pass over the boundary line of another's land to enter unlawfully upon the land of another. A man may trespass by walking over the ground of another, and the law gives a remedy for damages sustained. 2. To commit any offense or to do any act that injures or annoys another to violate any rule of rectitude to the injury of another. <p> If any man shall trespass against his neighbor, and an oath be laid upon him-- &nbsp;1 Kings 8 . See &nbsp;Luke 17 . 3 . and 4. </p> 3. In a moral sense, to transgress voluntarily any divine law or command to violate any known rule of duty. <p> In the time of his disease did he trespass yet more. &nbsp;2 Chronicles 28 </p> <p> We have trespassed against our God. &nbsp;Ezra 10 . </p> 4. To intrude to go too far to put to inconvenience by demand or importunity as, to trespass upon the time or patience of another. <p> TRES'PASS, n. In law, violation of another's rights, not amounting to treason, felony, or misprision of either. Thus to enter another's close, is a trespass to attack his person is a trespass. When violence accompanies the act, it is called a trespass 6et armis. </p> 1. Any injury or offense done to another. <p> If ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses. &nbsp;Matthew 6 </p> 2. Any voluntary transgression of the moral law any violation of a known rule of duty sin. &nbsp;Colossians 2 <p> You hath he quickened, who were dead in trespasses and sins. &nbsp;Ephesians 2 </p>

<p> ( '''''אָשָׁם''''' , [[Guilt]] ; '''''Παράπτωμα''''' ) is an offence committed, a hurt, or wrong done to a neighbor; and partakes of the nature of an error or slip rather than of deliberate or gross sin. Under the law, the delinquent who had trespassed was of course bound to make satisfaction; but an offering or oblation was allowed him to reconcile himself to the Divine [[Governor]] (&nbsp;Leviticus 6:15). Our [[Savior]] teaches us that whoever does not forgive the trespasses of a fellow-man against himself is not to expect that his Father in heaven will forgive his trespasses (&nbsp;Matthew 6:14-15). </p>