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Difference between revisions of "Red Sea"
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== Bridgeway Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_18993" /> == | == Bridgeway Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_18993" /> == | ||
<p> When the Bible speaks of the Red Sea, it refers only to the northern part where the sea divides into two arms, between which lies the [[Sinai]] Peninsular. The western arm is the [[Gulf]] of [[Suez]] ( Numbers 33:10) and the eastern arm the Gulf of Aqabah ( Numbers 14:25; Numbers 21:4; 1 Kings 9:26; see also | <p> When the Bible speaks of the Red Sea, it refers only to the northern part where the sea divides into two arms, between which lies the [[Sinai]] Peninsular. The western arm is the [[Gulf]] of [[Suez]] ( Numbers 33:10) and the eastern arm the Gulf of Aqabah ( Numbers 14:25; Numbers 21:4; 1 Kings 9:26; see also [[Ezion-Geber]] </p> <p> <img 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%0A%0A%09%0A%09<div%20class=" mb10 tl-lightgrey clear-both </p> | ||
== Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary <ref name="term_81354" /> == | == Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary <ref name="term_81354" /> == | ||
| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
== Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_37249" /> == | == Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_37249" /> == | ||
<p> Hebrew: ''Sea Of Suph'' ("seaweed"; like wool, as the Arabic means: Gesenius). The Egyptians called it the Sea of Punt (Arabia). Called "red" probably from the color of the weed, and the red coral and sandstone, not from Εdom ("red") which touched it only at Elath; nor from Himyerites ''('' | <p> Hebrew: ''Sea Of Suph'' ("seaweed"; like wool, as the Arabic means: Gesenius). The Egyptians called it the Sea of Punt (Arabia). Called "red" probably from the color of the weed, and the red coral and sandstone, not from '''''Εdom''''' ("red") which touched it only at Elath; nor from Himyerites ''('' '''''Hamar''''' '', "Red" In Arabic; The Phoenicians Too Are [[Thought]] To [[Mean]] Red Men, And To Have Come From The Red Sea)'' , as their connection with it was hardly so dose and so early as to have given the name. An ancient canal, begun by Sesostris, continued by [[Darius]] [[Hystaspes]] and Ptolemy Philadelphus, joined the Nile to it. Boundaries. On the W. Egypt, Nubia, and Abyssinia; on the E. Arabia; on the N. the isthmus of Suez; on the S. the straits of '''''Βab [[El]] Μandeb''''' ("gate of tears") joining it to the Indian ocean; 1,600 English miles long, by an average of 150 broad. The mountains on each side vary from 3,000 to 6,000 ft. high; the tops granite, underneath limestone, on the seashore light colored sandstone. </p> <p> The northern end ''("The [[Tongue]] Of The Egyptian Sea")'' , since the Exodus, has dried up for 50 miles. The land at the head of the gulf has risen, that on the [[Mediterranean]] has fallen (compare Isaiah 11:15; Isaiah 19:5). This drying up has caused the ancient canal which conveyed the Red Sea commerce to the Nile ''(From About Hereopolis On The Birket Et Timsah And Lake Of The [[Crocodile]] To [[Bubastis]] At The Nile)'' , and irrigated the country ( '''''Wady Τumeylat''''' ) to be neglected and ruined. The country about has consequently become a gravely sand desert, with rank marsh land round the old sea bottom, called "the bitter lakes." Near them was the town Heroopolis, from which the gulf of Suez was called the Heroopolite gulf. Ras Mohammed, the headland of the Sinaitic peninsula, divides the Red Sea into two tongues: the western one the gulf of Suez, 130 miles long by 18 broad, narrowing to ten at the head; the eastern one the gulf of Akabah ("a declivity"), 90 long by an average of 15 broad. </p> <p> Precipitous mountains 2,000 ft. high rise from the shore. The [[Arabah]] or Ghor connects it with the [[Dead]] Sea and [[Jordan]] valley. Anciently the gulf of Akabah was the Sinus Elaniticus, from Oelana or [[Elath]] at the northern end. No considerable stream falls into this large sea. The gulf of Suez is the shallowest part. The waters are remarkably transparent, so that the plants, corals, and rocks are visible to a great depth. Its phosphorescence is also noteworthy. This is the most northern part of the ocean where coral reefs are found. These take the outline of the coast, and being covered for some distance with only five or sir feet of water render access to land difficult. The western or Egyptian side of the Red Sea is of limestone formation; gebel Gharib 6,000 ft. high; the porphyry mountain, gebel ed Dukhkhan, inland, is about the same height; gebel ez Zeyt, "the oil ("petroleum") mount," is close to the sea. </p> <p> On these barren and solitary hills lived many of the early [[Christian]] hermits. The patriarch of the [[Coptic]] church is chosen from the monks of the convent of Anthony. [[Sesostris]] (Rameses II) was the "first who, passing the [[Arabian]] gulf in a fleet of long war vessels, reduced the inhabitants bordering the Red Sea" (Herodotus). [[Solomon]] built a navy at "Ezion [[Geber]] ''(Now [[Dry]] Land)'' , beside Elath on the Red Sea in [[Edom]] " ( 1 Kings 9:26). (See [[Ezion Geber]] ) Jehoshaphat's ships were wrecked here on the reef Edh Dhahab (Ezion Geber, "giant's backbone"): 1 Kings 22:48. Pharaoh [[Necho]] built ships in the Arabian gulf, manned by Phoenicians (Herodotus ii. 159). Pliny says their ship were of papyrus, like the Nile boats. </p> <p> The [[Arab]] '''''Jelebehs''''' , carrying pilgrims along the coast, have the planks sewed together with coconut fibber, and caulked with the date palm fibber and oil of the '''''Palma Christi''''' , and sails of mats made of the dom palm. The Himyerite Arabs formed mostly the crews of the seagoing ships. On the Heroopolite gulf, besides Heroopolis ''(Now Perhaps Aboo Kesheyd)'' at its head, was Arsinoe founded by Ptolemy Philadelphus, and [[Berenice]] on the southern frontier of Egypt. On the Arabian coast Mu'eyleh, Yembo ''(The Port Of El Medeeneh)'' , Juddah ''(The Port Of Mecca)'' , and Mocha. The Red Sea and Egypt after the time of [[Alexander]] the Great was the channel of commerce between Europe and India. Subsequently the trade passed round the Cape of Good Hope. But now the overland mail and Suez canal are again bringing it by way of Egypt and the Red Sea. ''(On Israel'S [[Passage]] Of The Red Sea, See Exodus.)'' </p> | ||
== People's Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_70706" /> == | == People's Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_70706" /> == | ||
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== Morrish Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_68414" /> == | == Morrish Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_68414" /> == | ||
<p> This sea is renowned in O.T. history on account of the miraculous passage made for the Israelites, and the destruction of their enemies therein. </p> <p> The Red Sea, situated on the east of Egypt and the west of South Arabia, is somewhat in the form of the letter Y. Its southern extremity opens into the Indian Ocean, from whence it runs N.N.W. for about 1,400 miles, when it divides into two branches; the one on the east being the Gulf of Akaba, about 112 miles long; and the one on the west, the Gulf of Suez, about 200 miles long. It is the latter that the Israelites crossed, and, as is supposed, farther north than the gulf now extends, but the position is not known. It is to this branch that theSuez Canal has been attached, opening a passage to the MediterraneanSea. </p> <p> THE | <p> This sea is renowned in O.T. history on account of the miraculous passage made for the Israelites, and the destruction of their enemies therein. </p> <p> The Red Sea, situated on the east of Egypt and the west of South Arabia, is somewhat in the form of the letter Y. Its southern extremity opens into the Indian Ocean, from whence it runs N.N.W. for about 1,400 miles, when it divides into two branches; the one on the east being the Gulf of Akaba, about 112 miles long; and the one on the west, the Gulf of Suez, about 200 miles long. It is the latter that the Israelites crossed, and, as is supposed, farther north than the gulf now extends, but the position is not known. It is to this branch that theSuez Canal has been attached, opening a passage to the MediterraneanSea. </p> <p> THE [[Passage Of The Red]] SEA.The number of the Israelites wasprobably about two millions. They encamped by the sea shore and Pharaoh naturally thought they were entangled in the land. With his army and his chariots he pursued after them. The Israelites greatly feared, but Moses said, "Fear ye not, stand still, and see the salvation of Jehovah." The angel of God and the pillar of the cloud went between the Israelites and the Egyptians. To the Israelites the cloud gave light, but to the Egyptians it was a cloud of darkness, all night. Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and God caused a strong east wind to blow all that night, and the waters were divided, and the Israelites went over on dry land. </p> <p> Pharaoh had not yet learned the power of Jehovah, and the Egyptians pursued them. God fought for the Israelites: He embarrassed the Egyptians, took off the chariot wheels, and thus so hindered them that they began to see that [[Jehovah]] was opposing them. It was, however, too late to retreat, Moses stretched forth his hand over the sea, and it returned in its strength, and they were overwhelmed. Their dead bodies were cast up on the sea shore. </p> <p> The faith of the Israelites was confirmed by the destruction of the Egyptians: they feared Jehovah, and believed Jehovah and His servant Moses. He and the Israelites could then sing the song of <i> redemption, </i> and praise Him who had <i> purchased </i> them. He also would plant them in the mountain of His inheritance, yea, in the sanctuary which His hands had established. Jehovah shall reign for ever and ever. Exodus 14 , Exodus 15 . For the typical teaching of the passage of the Red Sea, see JORDAN. </p> | ||
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== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_7610" /> == | == International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_7610" /> == | ||
<p> ( ים־סוּף , <i> ''''' yam ''''' </i> - <i> ''''' ṣūph ''''' </i> ( Exodus 10:19 and often), but in many passages it is simply היּם , <i> '''''hayām''''' </i> , "the sea"' [[Septuagint]] with 2 or 3 exceptions renders it by ἡ ἐρυθρἀ θάλασσα , <i> '''''hē''''' </i> <i> '''''eruthrá''''' </i> <i> '''''thálassa''''' </i> , "the Red Sea"; Latin geographers <i> [[Mare]] Rubrum </i> ): </p> <p> 1. Name </p> <p> 2. Peculiarities </p> <p> 3. Old Testament References </p> <p> 4. Passage through the Red Sea by the Israelites </p> <p> Objections </p> <p> (1) [[Steep]] Banks of the [[Channel]] </p> <p> (2) [[Walls]] Formed by the [[Water]] </p> <p> (3) The East [[Winds]] </p> <p> (4) The Miraculous Set [[Aside]] </p> <p> [[Literature]] </p> 1. Name: <p> The Hebrew name <i> ''''' yam ''''' </i> - <i> ''''' ṣūph ''''' </i> has given rise to much controversy. <i> ''''' Yam ''''' </i> is the general word for sea, and when standing alone may refer to the Mediterranean, the Dead Sea, the Red Sea, or the Sea of Galilee. In several places it designates the river Nile or Euphrates. <i> ''''' Ṣūph ''''' </i> means a rush or seaweed such as abounds in the lower portions of the Nile and the upper portions of the Red Sea. It was in the <i> ''''' ṣūph ''''' </i> on the brink of the river that the ark of Moses was hidden ( Exodus 2:3 , Exodus 2:5 ). But as this word does not in itself mean red, and as that is not the color of the bulrush, authorities are much divided as to the reason for this designation. Some have supposed that it was called red from the appearance of the mountains on the western coast, others from the red color given to the water by the presence of zoophytes, or red coral, or some species of seaweed. Others still, with considerable probability, suppose that the name originated in the red or copper color of the inhabitants of the bordering Arabian peninsula. But the name <i> '''''yam''''' </i> -cuph, though applied to the whole sea, was especially used with reference to the northern part, which is alone mentioned in the Bible, and to the two gulfs (Suez and Aqabah) which border the Sinaitic Peninsula, especially the Gulf of Suez. </p> 2. Pecularities: <p> The Red Sea has a length of 1,350 miles and an extreme breadth of 205 miles. It is remarkable that while it has no rivers flowing into it and the evaporation from its surface is enormous, it is not much salter than the ocean, from which it is inferred that there must be a constant influx of water from the Indian Ocean through the Straits of Bab- <i> ''''' el ''''' </i> -Mandeb, together with an outflow of the more saline water beneath the surface. The deepest portion measures 1,200 fathoms. Owing to the lower land levels which prevailed in recent geological times, the Gulf of Suez formerly extended across the lowland which separates it from the Bitter Lakes, a distance of 15 or 20 miles now traversed by the Suez Canal, which encountered no elevation more than 30 ft. above tide. In early historic times the Gulf ended at [[Ismailia]] at the head of Lake Timsah. North of this the land rises to a height of more than 50 ft. and for a long time furnished a road leading from Africa into Asia. At a somewhat earlier geological (middle and late Tertiary) period the depression of the land was such that this bridge was also submerged, so that the Red Sea and the Mediterranean were connected by a broad expanse of water which overflowed the whole surface of Lower Egypt. </p> <p> The evidence of the more recent depression of the land surface in all Lower Egypt is unmistakable. [[Raised]] beaches containing shells and corals still living in the Red Sea are found at various levels up to more than 200 ft. above tide. One of the most interesting of these is to be seen near the summit of the "Crow's Nest," a half-mile South of the great pyramids, where, near the summit of the eminence, and approximately 200 ft. above tide, on a level with the base of the pyramids, there is a clearly defined recent sea beach composed of water-worn pebbles from 1 inches to 1 or 2 ft. in diameter, the interstices of which are filled with small shells loosely cemented together. These are identified as belonging to a variable form, <i> Alectryonia cucullata Born </i> , which lives at the present time in the Red Sea. On the opposite side of the river, on the Mokattam [[Hills]] South of Cairo, at an elevation of 220 ft. above tide, similar deposits are found containing numerous shells of recent date, while the rock face is penetrated by numerous borings of lithodomus mollusks ( <i> Pholades rugosa Broc </i> .). Other evidences of the recent general depression of the land in this region come from various places on the eastern shores of the Mediterranean. According to Lartet at Ramleh, near Jaffa, a recent beach occurs more than 200 ft. above sea-level containing many shells of <i> Pectunculus violascens Lamk </i> , which is at the present time the most abundant mollusk on the shore of the adjoining Mediterranean. A similar beach has been described by Dr. Post at Lattakia, about 30 miles North of Beirut; while others, according to Hull, occur upon the island of Cyprus. Further evidence of this depression is also seen in the fact that the isthmus between Suez and the Bitter Lakes is covered with recent deposits of Nile mud, holding modern Red Sea shells, showing that, at no very distant date, there was an overflow of the Nile through an eastern branch into this slightly depressed level. The line of this branch of the Nile overflow was in early times used for a canal, which has recently been opened to furnish fresh water to Suez, and the depression is followed by the railroad. According to Dawson, large surfaces of the desert North of Suez, which are now above sea-level, contain buried in the sand "recent marine shells in such a state of preservation that not many centuries may have elapsed since they were in the bottom of the sea" ( <i> Egypt and Syria </i> , 67). </p> 3. Old Testament References: <p> The Red Sea is connected with the children of Israel chiefly through the crossing of it recorded in Exodus (see 4, below); but there are a few references to it in later times. Solomon is said ( 1 Kings 9:26 ) to have built a navy at "Ezion-geber, which is beside Eloth, on the shore of the Red Sea, in the land of Edom." This is at the head of the Gulf of Aqabah, the eastern branch of the Red Sea. Here his ships were manned by [[Hiram]] king of [[Tyre]] with "shipmen that had knowledge of the sea" ( 1 Kings 9:27 ). And ( 1 Kings 9:28 ) "they came to Ophir, and fetched from thence gold." But [[Eloth]] was evidently lost to Israel when Edom successfully revolted in the time of [[Joram]] ( 2 Kings 8:20 ). For a short time, however, it was restored to Judah by [[Amaziah]] ( 2 Kings 14:22 ); but finally, during the reign of Ahaz, the Syrians, or more probably, according to another reading, the Edomites, recovered the place and permanently drove the [[Jews]] away. But in 1 Kings 22:48 Jehoshaphat is said to have "made ships of [[Tarshish]] to go to [[Ophir]] for gold: but they went not; for the ships were broken at Ezion-geber"; while in 2 Chronicles 20:36 Jehoshaphat is said to have joined with [[Ahaziah]] "to make ships to go to Tarshish; and they made the ships in Ezion-geber." </p> <p> Unless there is some textual confusion here, "ships of Tarshish:" is simply the name of the style of the ship, like "East Indiaman," and Tarshish in Chronicles may refer to some place in the East Indies. This is the more likely, since Solomon's "navy" that went to Tarshish once every 3 years came "bringing gold, and silver, ivory, and apes, and peacocks," which could hardly have come from any other place than India. See [[Ships And Boats]] , II., 1., (2). </p> 4. Passage Through the Red Sea by the Israelites: <p> Until in recent times it was discovered that the Gulf of Suez formerly extended 30 miles northward to the site of the present Ismailia and the ancient Pithom, the scene of the Biblical miracle was placed at Suez, the present head of the Gulf. But there is at Suez no extent of shoal water sufficient for the east wind mentioned in Scripture ( Exodus 14:21 ) to have opened a passage-way sufficiently wide to have permitted the host to have crossed over in a single night. The bar leading from Suez across, which is now sometimes forded, is too insignificant to have furnished a passage-way as Robinson supposed ( <i> BR3 </i> , I, 56-59). Besides, if the children of Israel were South of the Bitter Lakes when there was no extension of the Gulf North of its present limits, there would have been no need of a miracle to open the water, since there was abundant room for both them and Pharaoh's army to have gone around the northern end of the Gulf to reach the eastern shore, while South of Suez the water is too deep for the wind anywhere to have opened a passage-way. But with an extension of the waters of the Gulf to the Bitter Lakes and Lake Timsah, rendered probable by the facts cited in the previous paragraph, the narrative at once so perfectly accords with the physical conditions involved as to become not only easily credible, but self-evidencing. </p> <p> The children of Israel were at [[Rameses]] ( Exodus 12:37 ) in the land of Goshen, a place which has not been certainly identified, but could not have been far from the modern <i> '''''Zagazig''''' </i> at the head of the [[Fresh]] Water Canal leading from the Nile to the Bitter Lakes. One day's journey eastward along <i> '''''Wâdy''''' </i> <i> '''''Tumilat''''' </i> , watered by this canal brought them to [[Succoth]] , a station probably identical with <i> '''''Thuket''''' </i> , close upon the border line separating Egypt from Asia. Through the discoveries of Naville in 1883 this has been identified as Pithom, one of the store-cities built by Pharaoh during the period of Hebrew oppression ( Exodus 1:11 ). Here Naville uncovered vast store pits for holding grain built during the reign of Rameses Ii and constructed according to the description given in [[Ex]] 1: the lower portions of brick made with straw, the middle with stubble, and the top of simple clay without even stubble to hold the brick together (see Naville, "The Store-City [[Pithom]] and the Route of the Exodus," <i> Egyptian Exploration Fund </i> , 1885; M. G. Kyle, "A Re-examination of Naville's Works," <i> [[Records]] of the Past </i> , VIII, 1901, 304-7). The next day's journey brought them to [[Etham]] on the "edge of the wilderness" ( Exodus 13:20; Numbers 33:6 ), probably in the vicinity of the modern Ismailia at the head of Lake Timsah. From this point the natural road to [[Palestine]] would have been along the caravan route on the neck of land referred to above as now about 50 ft. above sea-level. Etham was about 30 miles Southeast of [[Zoan]] or Tanis, the headquarters at that time of Pharaoh, from which he was watching the movements of the host. If they should go on the direct road to Palestine, his army could easily execute a flank movement and intercept them in the desert of Etham. But by divine command ( Exodus 14:2 ) Moses turned southward on the west side of the extension of the Red Sea and camped "before Pihahiroth, between Migdol and the sea, before Baal-zephon" ( Exodus 14:22 Numbers 33:5-7 ). At this change of course Pharaoh was delighted, seeing that the children of Israel were "entangled in the land" and "the wilderness" had "shut them in." Instead of issuing a flank movement upon them, Pharaoh's army now followed them in the rear and "overtook them encamping by the sea, beside Pi-hahiroth ," the location of which is essential to a proper understanding of the narrative which follows. </p> <p> In Exodus 14:2 , Pi-hahiroth is said to be "between Migdol and the sea, before Baal-zephon." Now though Migdol originally meant "watch-tower," it is hardly supposable that this can be its meaning here, otherwise the children of Israel would have been moving directly toward a fortified place. Most probably, therefore, Migdol was the tower-like mountain peak marking the northeast corner of <i> '''''Jebel''''' </i> <i> '''''Geneffeh''''' </i> , which runs parallel with the Bitter Lakes, only a short distance from their western border. Baal-zephon may equally well be some of the mountain peaks on the border of the [[Wilderness]] of [[Paran]] opposite <i> '''''Cheloof''''' </i> , midway between the Bitter Lakes and Suez. In the clear atmosphere of the region this line of mountains is distinctly visible throughout the whole distance from Ismailia to Suez. There would seem to be no objection to this supposition, since all authorities are in disagreement concerning its location. From the significance of the name it would seem to be the seat of some form of [[Baal]] worship, naturally a mountain. Brugsch would identify it with Mr. [[Cassius]] on the northern shore of Egypt. Naville (see Murray's <i> Illustrated Bible Dictionary </i> , "Red Sea, Passage of") would connect it with the hill called <i> '''''Tûssûm''''' </i> East of Lake Timsah, where there is a shrine at the present day visited every year about July 14 by thousands of pilgrims to celebrate a religious festival; but, as this is a Mohammedan festival, there seems no reason to connect it with any sanctuary of the Canaanites. Dawson favors the general location which we have assigned to Pi-hahiroth, but would place it beside the narrow southern portion of the Bitter Lakes. </p> <p> [[Somewhere]] in this vicinity would be a most natural place for the children of Israel to halt, and there is no difficulty, such as Naville supposes, to their passing between <i> ''''' Jebel ''''' </i> <i> ''''' Geneffeh ''''' </i> and the Bitter Lakes; for the mountain does not come abruptly to the lake, but leaves ample space for the passage of a caravan, while the mountain on one side and the lake on the other would protect them from a flank movement by Pharaoh and limit his army to harassing the rear of the [[Israelite]] host. Protected thus, the Israelites found a wide plain over which they could spread their camp, and if we suppose them to be as far South as <i> ''''' Cheloof ''''' </i> , every condition would be found to suit the narrative which follows. Moses was told by the Lord that if he would order the children of Israel to go forward, the sea would be divided and the children of Israel could cross over on dry ground. And when, in compliance with the divine command, Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, "Yahweh caused the sea to go back by a strong east wind all the night, and made the sea dry land, and the waters were divided. And the children of Israel went into the midst of the sea upon the dry ground: and the waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left. And the Egyptians pursued, and went in after them into the midst of the sea, all Pharaoh's horses, his chariots, and his horsemen" ( Exodus 14:21-30 ). But when the children of Israel were safely on the other side the waters returned and overwhelmed the entire host of Pharaoh. In the Song of Moses which follows, describing the event, it is said that the waters were piled up by the "blast of thy (God's) nostrils" ( Exodus 15:8 ), and again, Exodus 14:10 , "Thou didst blow with thy wind, the sea covered them." Thus 3 times the wind is mentioned as the means employed by God in opening the water. The competency of the wind temporarily to remove the water from the passage connecting the Gulf of Suez with the Bitter Lakes, provided it was only a few feet deep, is amply proved by facts of recent observation. Major General Tullock of the British army ( <i> Proc. [[Victoria]] Inst </i> ., Xxviii , 267-80) reports having witnessed the driving off of the water from Lake Menzaleh by the wind to such an extent as to lower the level 6 ft., thus leaving small vessels over the shallow water stranded for a while in the muddy bottom. According to the report of the Suez Canal Company, the difference between the highest and the lowest water at Suez is 10 ft. 7 inches, all of which must be due to the effect of the wind, since the tides do not affect the Red Sea. The power of the wind to affect water levels is strikingly witnessed upon Lake Erie in the United States, where according to the report of the Deep Waterways [[Commission]] for 1896 (165, 168) it appears that strong wind from the Southwest sometimes lowers the water at Toledo, Ohio, on the western end of the lake to the extent of more than 7 ft., at the same time causing it to rise at [[Buffalo]] at the eastern end a similar amount; while a change in the wind during the passage of a single storm reverses the effect, thus sometimes producing a change of level at either end of the lake of 14 ft. in the course of a single day. It would require far less than a tornado to lower the water at <i> '''''Cheloof''''' </i> sufficiently to lay bare the shallow channel which we have supposed at that time to separate Egypt from the Sinaitic Peninsula. See [[Exodus]] , The . </p> <p> <b> Objections: </b> </p> <p> Several objections to this theory, however, have been urged which should not pass without notice. </p> (1) Steep Banks of the Channel: <p> Some have said that the children of Israel would have found an insuperable obstacle to their advance in the steep banks on either side of the supposed channel. But there were no steep banks to be encountered. A gentle sag leads down on one side to the center of the depression and a correspondingly gentle rise leads up on the other. </p> (2) Walls Formed by the Water: <p> Much has also been made of the statement ( Exodus 14:22 ) that "the waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left"; but when we consider the rhetorical use of this word "wall" it presents no difficulty. In Proverbs 18:11 we are told that "The rich man's wealth is his strong city, And as a high wall in his own imagination." In Isaiah 26:1 we are told that God will appoint salvation "for walls and bulwarks." Again Nahum ( Nahum 3:8 ) says of Egypt that her "rampart was the sea (margin "the Nile"), and her wall was of the sea." The water upon either side of the opening served the purpose of a wall for protection. There was no chance for Pharaoh to intercept them by a flank movement. Nor is there need of paying further attention to the poetical expressions in the Song of Moses, where among other things it is said "that the deeps were congealed in the heart of the sea," and that the "earth (instead of the water) swallowed them." </p> (3) The East Winds: <p> Again it is objected that an east wind does not come from the right direction to produce the desired result. On the other hand it is an east wind only which could have freed the channel from water. A north wind would have blown the water from the Bitter Lakes southward, and owing to the quantity of water impounded would have increased the depth of the water in the narrow passage from the southern end of Suez. An east wind, however, would have pressed the water out from the channel both ways, and from the contour of the shore lines would be the only wind that could have done so. </p> (4) The Miraculous Set Aside: <p> Again, it is objected that this explanation destroys the miraculous character of the event. But it should be noted that little is said in the narrative about the miraculous. On the other hand, it is a straightforward statement of events, leaving their miraculous character to be inferred from their nature. On the explanation we have given the transaction it is what Robinson felicitously calls a mediate miracle, that is, a miracle in which the hand of God is seen in the use of natural forces which it would be impossible for man to command. If anyone should say that this was a mere coincidence, that the east wind blew at the precise time that Moses reached the place of crossing, the answer is that such a coincidence could have been brought about only by supernatural agency. There was at that time no weather bureau to foretell the approach of a storm. There are no tides on the Red Sea with regular ebb and flow. It was by a miracle of prophecy that Moses was emboldened to get his host into position to avail themselves of the temporary opportunity at exactly the right time. As to the relation of the divine agency to the event, speculation is useless. The opening of the sea may have been a foreordained event in the course of Nature which God only foreknew, in which case the direct divine agency was limited to those influences upon the human actors that led them to place themselves where they could take advantage of the natural opportunity. Or, there is no a priori difficulty in supposing that the east wind was directly aroused for this occasion; for man himself produces disturbances among the forces of Nature that are as far-reaching in their extent as would be a storm produced by direct divine agency. But in this case the disturbance is at once seen to be beyond the powers of human agency to produce. </p> <p> It remains to add an important word concerning the evidential value of this perfect adjustment of the narrative to the physical conditions involved. So perfect is this conformity of the narrative to the obscure physical conditions involved, which only recent investigations have made clear, that the account becomes self-evidencing. It is not within the power of man to invent a story so perfectly in accordance with the vast and complicated conditions involved. The argument is as strong as that for human design when a key is found to fit a Yale lock. This is not a general account which would fit into a variety of circumstances. There is only one place in all the world, and one set of conditions in all history, which would meet the requirements; and here they are all met. This is scientific demonstration. No higher proof can be found in the inductive sciences. The story is true. It has not been remodeled by the imagination, either of the original writers or of the transcribers. It is not the product of mythological fancy or of legendary accretion. </p> Literature. <p> Dawson, <i> Egypt and Syria </i> ; Hull, <i> Mt. Seir, Sinai and Western Palestine </i> ; Naville, "The Store-City Pithom and the Route of the Exodus," <i> Egyptian Exploration Fund </i> , 1885; Kyle, "Bricks without [[Straw]] at Pithom: A R e-examination of Naville's Works," <i> Records of the Past </i> , VIII, 1901,304-7; Wright, <i> Scientific Confirmations of Old Testament History </i> , 83-117. </p> | <p> ( ים־סוּף , <i> ''''' yam ''''' </i> - <i> ''''' ṣūph ''''' </i> ( Exodus 10:19 and often), but in many passages it is simply היּם , <i> ''''' hayām ''''' </i> , "the sea"' [[Septuagint]] with 2 or 3 exceptions renders it by ἡ ἐρυθρἀ θάλασσα , <i> ''''' hē ''''' </i> <i> ''''' eruthrá ''''' </i> <i> ''''' thálassa ''''' </i> , "the Red Sea"; Latin geographers <i> [[Mare]] Rubrum </i> ): </p> <p> 1. Name </p> <p> 2. Peculiarities </p> <p> 3. Old Testament References </p> <p> 4. Passage through the Red Sea by the Israelites </p> <p> Objections </p> <p> (1) [[Steep]] Banks of the [[Channel]] </p> <p> (2) [[Walls]] Formed by the [[Water]] </p> <p> (3) The East [[Winds]] </p> <p> (4) The Miraculous Set [[Aside]] </p> <p> [[Literature]] </p> 1. Name: <p> The Hebrew name <i> ''''' yam ''''' </i> - <i> ''''' ṣūph ''''' </i> has given rise to much controversy. <i> ''''' Yam ''''' </i> is the general word for sea, and when standing alone may refer to the Mediterranean, the Dead Sea, the Red Sea, or the Sea of Galilee. In several places it designates the river Nile or Euphrates. <i> ''''' Ṣūph ''''' </i> means a rush or seaweed such as abounds in the lower portions of the Nile and the upper portions of the Red Sea. It was in the <i> ''''' ṣūph ''''' </i> on the brink of the river that the ark of Moses was hidden ( Exodus 2:3 , Exodus 2:5 ). But as this word does not in itself mean red, and as that is not the color of the bulrush, authorities are much divided as to the reason for this designation. Some have supposed that it was called red from the appearance of the mountains on the western coast, others from the red color given to the water by the presence of zoophytes, or red coral, or some species of seaweed. Others still, with considerable probability, suppose that the name originated in the red or copper color of the inhabitants of the bordering Arabian peninsula. But the name <i> ''''' yam ''''' </i> -cuph, though applied to the whole sea, was especially used with reference to the northern part, which is alone mentioned in the Bible, and to the two gulfs (Suez and Aqabah) which border the Sinaitic Peninsula, especially the Gulf of Suez. </p> 2. Pecularities: <p> The Red Sea has a length of 1,350 miles and an extreme breadth of 205 miles. It is remarkable that while it has no rivers flowing into it and the evaporation from its surface is enormous, it is not much salter than the ocean, from which it is inferred that there must be a constant influx of water from the Indian Ocean through the Straits of Bab- <i> ''''' el ''''' </i> -Mandeb, together with an outflow of the more saline water beneath the surface. The deepest portion measures 1,200 fathoms. Owing to the lower land levels which prevailed in recent geological times, the Gulf of Suez formerly extended across the lowland which separates it from the Bitter Lakes, a distance of 15 or 20 miles now traversed by the Suez Canal, which encountered no elevation more than 30 ft. above tide. In early historic times the Gulf ended at [[Ismailia]] at the head of Lake Timsah. North of this the land rises to a height of more than 50 ft. and for a long time furnished a road leading from Africa into Asia. At a somewhat earlier geological (middle and late Tertiary) period the depression of the land was such that this bridge was also submerged, so that the Red Sea and the Mediterranean were connected by a broad expanse of water which overflowed the whole surface of Lower Egypt. </p> <p> The evidence of the more recent depression of the land surface in all Lower Egypt is unmistakable. [[Raised]] beaches containing shells and corals still living in the Red Sea are found at various levels up to more than 200 ft. above tide. One of the most interesting of these is to be seen near the summit of the "Crow's Nest," a half-mile South of the great pyramids, where, near the summit of the eminence, and approximately 200 ft. above tide, on a level with the base of the pyramids, there is a clearly defined recent sea beach composed of water-worn pebbles from 1 inches to 1 or 2 ft. in diameter, the interstices of which are filled with small shells loosely cemented together. These are identified as belonging to a variable form, <i> Alectryonia cucullata Born </i> , which lives at the present time in the Red Sea. On the opposite side of the river, on the Mokattam [[Hills]] South of Cairo, at an elevation of 220 ft. above tide, similar deposits are found containing numerous shells of recent date, while the rock face is penetrated by numerous borings of lithodomus mollusks ( <i> Pholades rugosa Broc </i> .). Other evidences of the recent general depression of the land in this region come from various places on the eastern shores of the Mediterranean. According to Lartet at Ramleh, near Jaffa, a recent beach occurs more than 200 ft. above sea-level containing many shells of <i> Pectunculus violascens Lamk </i> , which is at the present time the most abundant mollusk on the shore of the adjoining Mediterranean. A similar beach has been described by Dr. Post at Lattakia, about 30 miles North of Beirut; while others, according to Hull, occur upon the island of Cyprus. Further evidence of this depression is also seen in the fact that the isthmus between Suez and the Bitter Lakes is covered with recent deposits of Nile mud, holding modern Red Sea shells, showing that, at no very distant date, there was an overflow of the Nile through an eastern branch into this slightly depressed level. The line of this branch of the Nile overflow was in early times used for a canal, which has recently been opened to furnish fresh water to Suez, and the depression is followed by the railroad. According to Dawson, large surfaces of the desert North of Suez, which are now above sea-level, contain buried in the sand "recent marine shells in such a state of preservation that not many centuries may have elapsed since they were in the bottom of the sea" ( <i> Egypt and Syria </i> , 67). </p> 3. Old Testament References: <p> The Red Sea is connected with the children of Israel chiefly through the crossing of it recorded in Exodus (see 4, below); but there are a few references to it in later times. Solomon is said ( 1 Kings 9:26 ) to have built a navy at "Ezion-geber, which is beside Eloth, on the shore of the Red Sea, in the land of Edom." This is at the head of the Gulf of Aqabah, the eastern branch of the Red Sea. Here his ships were manned by [[Hiram]] king of [[Tyre]] with "shipmen that had knowledge of the sea" ( 1 Kings 9:27 ). And ( 1 Kings 9:28 ) "they came to Ophir, and fetched from thence gold." But [[Eloth]] was evidently lost to Israel when Edom successfully revolted in the time of [[Joram]] ( 2 Kings 8:20 ). For a short time, however, it was restored to Judah by [[Amaziah]] ( 2 Kings 14:22 ); but finally, during the reign of Ahaz, the Syrians, or more probably, according to another reading, the Edomites, recovered the place and permanently drove the [[Jews]] away. But in 1 Kings 22:48 Jehoshaphat is said to have "made ships of [[Tarshish]] to go to [[Ophir]] for gold: but they went not; for the ships were broken at Ezion-geber"; while in 2 Chronicles 20:36 Jehoshaphat is said to have joined with [[Ahaziah]] "to make ships to go to Tarshish; and they made the ships in Ezion-geber." </p> <p> Unless there is some textual confusion here, "ships of Tarshish:" is simply the name of the style of the ship, like "East Indiaman," and Tarshish in Chronicles may refer to some place in the East Indies. This is the more likely, since Solomon's "navy" that went to Tarshish once every 3 years came "bringing gold, and silver, ivory, and apes, and peacocks," which could hardly have come from any other place than India. See [[Ships And Boats]] , II., 1., (2). </p> 4. Passage Through the Red Sea by the Israelites: <p> Until in recent times it was discovered that the Gulf of Suez formerly extended 30 miles northward to the site of the present Ismailia and the ancient Pithom, the scene of the Biblical miracle was placed at Suez, the present head of the Gulf. But there is at Suez no extent of shoal water sufficient for the east wind mentioned in Scripture ( Exodus 14:21 ) to have opened a passage-way sufficiently wide to have permitted the host to have crossed over in a single night. The bar leading from Suez across, which is now sometimes forded, is too insignificant to have furnished a passage-way as Robinson supposed ( <i> BR3 </i> , I, 56-59). Besides, if the children of Israel were South of the Bitter Lakes when there was no extension of the Gulf North of its present limits, there would have been no need of a miracle to open the water, since there was abundant room for both them and Pharaoh's army to have gone around the northern end of the Gulf to reach the eastern shore, while South of Suez the water is too deep for the wind anywhere to have opened a passage-way. But with an extension of the waters of the Gulf to the Bitter Lakes and Lake Timsah, rendered probable by the facts cited in the previous paragraph, the narrative at once so perfectly accords with the physical conditions involved as to become not only easily credible, but self-evidencing. </p> <p> The children of Israel were at [[Rameses]] ( Exodus 12:37 ) in the land of Goshen, a place which has not been certainly identified, but could not have been far from the modern <i> ''''' [[Zagazig]] ''''' </i> at the head of the [[Fresh]] Water Canal leading from the Nile to the Bitter Lakes. One day's journey eastward along <i> ''''' Wâdy ''''' </i> <i> ''''' Tumilat ''''' </i> , watered by this canal brought them to [[Succoth]] , a station probably identical with <i> ''''' Thuket ''''' </i> , close upon the border line separating Egypt from Asia. Through the discoveries of Naville in 1883 this has been identified as Pithom, one of the store-cities built by Pharaoh during the period of Hebrew oppression ( Exodus 1:11 ). Here Naville uncovered vast store pits for holding grain built during the reign of Rameses Ii and constructed according to the description given in [[Ex]] 1: the lower portions of brick made with straw, the middle with stubble, and the top of simple clay without even stubble to hold the brick together (see Naville, "The Store-City [[Pithom]] and the Route of the Exodus," <i> Egyptian Exploration Fund </i> , 1885; M. G. Kyle, "A Re-examination of Naville's Works," <i> [[Records]] of the Past </i> , VIII, 1901, 304-7). The next day's journey brought them to [[Etham]] on the "edge of the wilderness" ( Exodus 13:20; Numbers 33:6 ), probably in the vicinity of the modern Ismailia at the head of Lake Timsah. From this point the natural road to [[Palestine]] would have been along the caravan route on the neck of land referred to above as now about 50 ft. above sea-level. Etham was about 30 miles Southeast of [[Zoan]] or Tanis, the headquarters at that time of Pharaoh, from which he was watching the movements of the host. If they should go on the direct road to Palestine, his army could easily execute a flank movement and intercept them in the desert of Etham. But by divine command ( Exodus 14:2 ) Moses turned southward on the west side of the extension of the Red Sea and camped "before Pihahiroth, between Migdol and the sea, before Baal-zephon" ( Exodus 14:22 Numbers 33:5-7 ). At this change of course Pharaoh was delighted, seeing that the children of Israel were "entangled in the land" and "the wilderness" had "shut them in." Instead of issuing a flank movement upon them, Pharaoh's army now followed them in the rear and "overtook them encamping by the sea, beside Pi-hahiroth ," the location of which is essential to a proper understanding of the narrative which follows. </p> <p> In Exodus 14:2 , Pi-hahiroth is said to be "between Migdol and the sea, before Baal-zephon." Now though Migdol originally meant "watch-tower," it is hardly supposable that this can be its meaning here, otherwise the children of Israel would have been moving directly toward a fortified place. Most probably, therefore, Migdol was the tower-like mountain peak marking the northeast corner of <i> ''''' Jebel ''''' </i> <i> ''''' Geneffeh ''''' </i> , which runs parallel with the Bitter Lakes, only a short distance from their western border. Baal-zephon may equally well be some of the mountain peaks on the border of the [[Wilderness]] of [[Paran]] opposite <i> ''''' Cheloof ''''' </i> , midway between the Bitter Lakes and Suez. In the clear atmosphere of the region this line of mountains is distinctly visible throughout the whole distance from Ismailia to Suez. There would seem to be no objection to this supposition, since all authorities are in disagreement concerning its location. From the significance of the name it would seem to be the seat of some form of [[Baal]] worship, naturally a mountain. Brugsch would identify it with Mr. [[Cassius]] on the northern shore of Egypt. Naville (see Murray's <i> Illustrated Bible Dictionary </i> , "Red Sea, Passage of") would connect it with the hill called <i> ''''' Tûssûm ''''' </i> East of Lake Timsah, where there is a shrine at the present day visited every year about July 14 by thousands of pilgrims to celebrate a religious festival; but, as this is a Mohammedan festival, there seems no reason to connect it with any sanctuary of the Canaanites. Dawson favors the general location which we have assigned to Pi-hahiroth, but would place it beside the narrow southern portion of the Bitter Lakes. </p> <p> [[Somewhere]] in this vicinity would be a most natural place for the children of Israel to halt, and there is no difficulty, such as Naville supposes, to their passing between <i> ''''' Jebel ''''' </i> <i> ''''' Geneffeh ''''' </i> and the Bitter Lakes; for the mountain does not come abruptly to the lake, but leaves ample space for the passage of a caravan, while the mountain on one side and the lake on the other would protect them from a flank movement by Pharaoh and limit his army to harassing the rear of the [[Israelite]] host. Protected thus, the Israelites found a wide plain over which they could spread their camp, and if we suppose them to be as far South as <i> ''''' Cheloof ''''' </i> , every condition would be found to suit the narrative which follows. Moses was told by the Lord that if he would order the children of Israel to go forward, the sea would be divided and the children of Israel could cross over on dry ground. And when, in compliance with the divine command, Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, "Yahweh caused the sea to go back by a strong east wind all the night, and made the sea dry land, and the waters were divided. And the children of Israel went into the midst of the sea upon the dry ground: and the waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left. And the Egyptians pursued, and went in after them into the midst of the sea, all Pharaoh's horses, his chariots, and his horsemen" ( Exodus 14:21-30 ). But when the children of Israel were safely on the other side the waters returned and overwhelmed the entire host of Pharaoh. In the Song of Moses which follows, describing the event, it is said that the waters were piled up by the "blast of thy (God's) nostrils" ( Exodus 15:8 ), and again, Exodus 14:10 , "Thou didst blow with thy wind, the sea covered them." Thus 3 times the wind is mentioned as the means employed by God in opening the water. The competency of the wind temporarily to remove the water from the passage connecting the Gulf of Suez with the Bitter Lakes, provided it was only a few feet deep, is amply proved by facts of recent observation. Major General Tullock of the British army ( <i> Proc. [[Victoria]] Inst </i> ., Xxviii , 267-80) reports having witnessed the driving off of the water from Lake Menzaleh by the wind to such an extent as to lower the level 6 ft., thus leaving small vessels over the shallow water stranded for a while in the muddy bottom. According to the report of the Suez Canal Company, the difference between the highest and the lowest water at Suez is 10 ft. 7 inches, all of which must be due to the effect of the wind, since the tides do not affect the Red Sea. The power of the wind to affect water levels is strikingly witnessed upon Lake Erie in the United States, where according to the report of the Deep Waterways [[Commission]] for 1896 (165, 168) it appears that strong wind from the Southwest sometimes lowers the water at Toledo, Ohio, on the western end of the lake to the extent of more than 7 ft., at the same time causing it to rise at [[Buffalo]] at the eastern end a similar amount; while a change in the wind during the passage of a single storm reverses the effect, thus sometimes producing a change of level at either end of the lake of 14 ft. in the course of a single day. It would require far less than a tornado to lower the water at <i> ''''' Cheloof ''''' </i> sufficiently to lay bare the shallow channel which we have supposed at that time to separate Egypt from the Sinaitic Peninsula. See [[Exodus]] , The . </p> <p> <b> Objections: </b> </p> <p> Several objections to this theory, however, have been urged which should not pass without notice. </p> (1) Steep Banks of the Channel: <p> Some have said that the children of Israel would have found an insuperable obstacle to their advance in the steep banks on either side of the supposed channel. But there were no steep banks to be encountered. A gentle sag leads down on one side to the center of the depression and a correspondingly gentle rise leads up on the other. </p> (2) Walls Formed by the Water: <p> Much has also been made of the statement ( Exodus 14:22 ) that "the waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left"; but when we consider the rhetorical use of this word "wall" it presents no difficulty. In Proverbs 18:11 we are told that "The rich man's wealth is his strong city, And as a high wall in his own imagination." In Isaiah 26:1 we are told that God will appoint salvation "for walls and bulwarks." Again Nahum ( Nahum 3:8 ) says of Egypt that her "rampart was the sea (margin "the Nile"), and her wall was of the sea." The water upon either side of the opening served the purpose of a wall for protection. There was no chance for Pharaoh to intercept them by a flank movement. Nor is there need of paying further attention to the poetical expressions in the Song of Moses, where among other things it is said "that the deeps were congealed in the heart of the sea," and that the "earth (instead of the water) swallowed them." </p> (3) The East Winds: <p> Again it is objected that an east wind does not come from the right direction to produce the desired result. On the other hand it is an east wind only which could have freed the channel from water. A north wind would have blown the water from the Bitter Lakes southward, and owing to the quantity of water impounded would have increased the depth of the water in the narrow passage from the southern end of Suez. An east wind, however, would have pressed the water out from the channel both ways, and from the contour of the shore lines would be the only wind that could have done so. </p> (4) The Miraculous Set Aside: <p> Again, it is objected that this explanation destroys the miraculous character of the event. But it should be noted that little is said in the narrative about the miraculous. On the other hand, it is a straightforward statement of events, leaving their miraculous character to be inferred from their nature. On the explanation we have given the transaction it is what Robinson felicitously calls a mediate miracle, that is, a miracle in which the hand of God is seen in the use of natural forces which it would be impossible for man to command. If anyone should say that this was a mere coincidence, that the east wind blew at the precise time that Moses reached the place of crossing, the answer is that such a coincidence could have been brought about only by supernatural agency. There was at that time no weather bureau to foretell the approach of a storm. There are no tides on the Red Sea with regular ebb and flow. It was by a miracle of prophecy that Moses was emboldened to get his host into position to avail themselves of the temporary opportunity at exactly the right time. As to the relation of the divine agency to the event, speculation is useless. The opening of the sea may have been a foreordained event in the course of Nature which God only foreknew, in which case the direct divine agency was limited to those influences upon the human actors that led them to place themselves where they could take advantage of the natural opportunity. Or, there is no a priori difficulty in supposing that the east wind was directly aroused for this occasion; for man himself produces disturbances among the forces of Nature that are as far-reaching in their extent as would be a storm produced by direct divine agency. But in this case the disturbance is at once seen to be beyond the powers of human agency to produce. </p> <p> It remains to add an important word concerning the evidential value of this perfect adjustment of the narrative to the physical conditions involved. So perfect is this conformity of the narrative to the obscure physical conditions involved, which only recent investigations have made clear, that the account becomes self-evidencing. It is not within the power of man to invent a story so perfectly in accordance with the vast and complicated conditions involved. The argument is as strong as that for human design when a key is found to fit a Yale lock. This is not a general account which would fit into a variety of circumstances. There is only one place in all the world, and one set of conditions in all history, which would meet the requirements; and here they are all met. This is scientific demonstration. No higher proof can be found in the inductive sciences. The story is true. It has not been remodeled by the imagination, either of the original writers or of the transcribers. It is not the product of mythological fancy or of legendary accretion. </p> Literature. <p> Dawson, <i> Egypt and Syria </i> ; Hull, <i> Mt. Seir, Sinai and Western Palestine </i> ; Naville, "The Store-City Pithom and the Route of the Exodus," <i> Egyptian Exploration Fund </i> , 1885; Kyle, "Bricks without [[Straw]] at Pithom: A R e-examination of Naville's Works," <i> Records of the Past </i> , VIII, 1901,304-7; Wright, <i> Scientific Confirmations of Old Testament History </i> , 83-117. </p> | ||
== The Nuttall Encyclopedia <ref name="term_78967" /> == | == The Nuttall Encyclopedia <ref name="term_78967" /> == | ||
