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Difference between revisions of "Queen Of Heaven"
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== Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_53525" /> == | == Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_53525" /> == | ||
<p> <strong> [[Queen | <p> <strong> [[Queen Of Heaven]] </strong> (Heb. <em> m </em> <em> e </em> <em> lekheth hash-shâmayîm </em> ). An object of worship to the people of [[Jerusalem]] ( Jeremiah 7:16-20 ) and the [[Jewish]] exiles in Egypt ( Jeremiah 44:15-30 ). The Massoretes evidently took the first word as <em> m </em> <em> e </em> <em> le’kheth </em> (‘work,’ ‘creation’) supposing that the silent aleph (’) had been omitted and considered the expression a synonym for ‘Host of Heaven’ ( <em> ts </em> <em> e </em> <em> bhâ’ hash-shâmayîm </em> , Jeremiah 8:2; Jeremiah 19:13 , Zephaniah 1:5 , Deuteronomy 4:19; Deuteronomy 17:3 etc.). In apparent confirmation of this view we have the fact that this term seems to be used in a collective sense as equivalent to ‘other gods.’ On the other hand, many modern scholars regard <em> malkath </em> (‘queen’) as the correct reading, and suppose the cultus to be a worship of the Semitic Mother-goddess, the PhÅ“nician Ashtart = the Assyr. [Note: Assyrian.] [[Ishtar]] (see Ashtoreth). Indeed, Ishtar is called in Assyr. [Note: Assyrian.] inscriptions <em> Bçlit Shamç </em> (‘lady of heaven’) and <em> Sharrat Shamç </em> (‘queen of heaven’); but <em> Malkat Shamç </em> (which is the cognate of the term under discussion, and which in Assyr. [Note: Assyrian.] means ‘princess of heaven’) is <em> not </em> one of her titles. The fact that cakes were offered in this worship has little evidential value, as we find this rite a frequent feature in Semitic worship. In Arabia, cakes were offered to the goddess of the evening-star and to the sun-god; and the [[Israelites]] offered bread and cakes to [[Jahweh]] (see ‘Meal-offering’ and ‘Shewbread’ in art. Sacrifice). Cf. the modern Jewish <em> mazzôth </em> . </p> <p> W. M. Nesbit. </p> | ||
== Hawker's Poor Man's Concordance And Dictionary <ref name="term_48580" /> == | == Hawker's Poor Man's Concordance And Dictionary <ref name="term_48580" /> == | ||
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== Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_74532" /> == | == Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_74532" /> == | ||
<p> '''Queen of Heaven.''' Jeremiah 7:18; Jeremiah 44:17-19; Jeremiah 44:25. The Queen of Heaven is the moon goddess, [[Ashtaroth]] or [[Astarte]] , to whom [[Hebrew]] women worshiped by offering cakes in the streets of Jerusalem. ''See '' [[Ashtaroth]] ''.'' </p> | <p> '''Queen of Heaven.''' Jeremiah 7:18; Jeremiah 44:17-19; Jeremiah 44:25. The [[Queen]] of [[Heaven]] is the moon goddess, [[Ashtaroth]] or [[Astarte]] , to whom [[Hebrew]] women worshiped by offering cakes in the streets of Jerusalem. ''See '' [[Ashtaroth]] ''.'' </p> | ||
== American Tract Society Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_16993" /> == | == American Tract Society Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_16993" /> == | ||
