Difference between revisions of "Pharaoh"

<p> '''Pharaoh''' (''fâ'ro,'' or ''fâ'ra-o'' ). &nbsp;Genesis 12:15. The common title of the king of Egypt—also called Pharaoh-necho and Pharaoh-hophra. &nbsp;2 Kings 23:29; &nbsp;Jeremiah 44:30; &nbsp;Jeremiah 46:2. Ten Pharaohs are mentioned in the Old Testament. 1. The Pharaoh of the time of Abraham. &nbsp;Genesis 12:15. The date of Abraham's visit to Egypt is most probably fixed at about b.c. 2080. 2. The Pharaoh of Joseph, &nbsp;Genesis 41:1-57, was the last, or the last but one, of the fifteenth dynasty; probably identical with Apophis, who reigned at least 26 years, b.c. 1876-1850. [[S.]] The Pharaoh of the Oppression—" the new king over Egypt who knew not Joseph," &nbsp;Exodus 1:8, and under whose reign Moses was born—probably Rameses [[Ii.,]] the Sesostris of the Greeks, the master-builder of Egypt, whose statues and temples in ruins are found all over the Nile valley from [[Zoan]] (Tanis) to Karnak. His mummied body was taken from the tomb in 1881 and unwrapped in the Bulak museum, 4. The Pharaoh of the Exodus, &nbsp;Exodus 5:1, before whom Moses wrought his miracles, was Menephtha, son of Rameses [[Ii.]] On a monument of [[Tanis]] mention is made of the fact that he lost a son, and Dr. Brugsch connects this with the death of the first-born, the last of the plagues. 5. The Pharaoh whose daughter, Bithiah, was given in marriage to Mered, a descendant of Judah. &nbsp;1 Chronicles 4:18. 6. The Pharaoh who gave the sister of his queen in marriage to Hadad, an Edomite of royal blood, who escaped the massacre of [[Joab]] and fled to Egypt. &nbsp;1 Kings 11:18 to &nbsp;1 Kings 20:7. The Pharaoh whose daughter [[Solomon]] married and brought "into the city of David until he had made an end of building his own house, and the house of the Lord," &nbsp;1 Kings 3:1, consequently before the eleventh year of his reign, in which year the temple was finished. &nbsp;1 Kings 6:37-38. This Pharaoh afterward made an expedition into Palestine, took Gezer, and gave it to his daughter, Solomon's wife. &nbsp;1 Kings 9:16. 8. The Pharaoh to whom king [[Hezekiah]] was allied in his war with Sennacherib. &nbsp;2 Kings 18:21. 9. Pharaoh-nechoh, also called amply Necho, reigned from b.c. 610 to 594. He made an expedition against Assyria, but was encountered by Josiah, king of Judah, at Megiddo. &nbsp;2 Chronicles 35:20-24; &nbsp;2 Kings 23:29-30. Necho's army was afterward defeated at Carchemish by Nebuchadnezzar, and he lost all his Asiatic possessions. &nbsp;2 Kings 24:7. 10. Pharaoh-hophra, the Apries of secular history, was the second successor of Necho, and entered Palestine, probably in b.c. 590, in order to relieve Jerusalem, which was besieged by Nebuchadnezzar. &nbsp;Jeremiah 37:5-8; &nbsp;Ezekiel 17:11-13; comp. &nbsp;2 Kings 25:1-4. The campaign was of no avail. [[Jerusalem]] fell, and Nebuchadnezzar made a successful invasion into Egypt. Pharaoh-hophra was afterward deposed by his own subjects, and finally strangled. In their prophecies Jeremiah and Ezekiel (see above) give a very striking picture of this king, his arrogance and conceit, which corresponds closely with that given by Herodotus. </p>