Difference between revisions of "Millo"

<p> [[Millo]] ( ''Mĭl'Lo'' ), ''A Mound, Rampart.'' "Millo" is used for a part of the citadel of Jerusalem, probably the rampart, or entrenchment. &nbsp;2 Samuel 5:9; &nbsp;1 Kings 9:15-24; &nbsp;1 Kings 11:27; &nbsp;1 Chronicles 11:8. The same, or part of it, was probably the "house of Millo;" margin "Beth Millo." &nbsp;2 Kings 12:20; &nbsp;2 Chronicles 32:5. Some think it means the "stronghold of Zion." </p>

<li> In &nbsp;Judges 9:6,20 it is the name of a rampart in Shechem, probably the "tower of Shechem" (9:46,49). <div> <p> '''Copyright Statement''' These dictionary topics are from M.G. Easton [[M.A., DD]]  Illustrated Bible Dictionary, Third Edition, published by [[Thomas]] Nelson, 1897. Public Domain. </p> <p> '''Bibliography Information''' Easton, Matthew George. Entry for 'Millo'. Easton's Bible Dictionary. https://www.studylight.org/dictionaries/eng/ebd/m/millo.html. 1897. </p> </div> </li>

<p> ''''' mil´ō ''''' . ( מלּוא , <i> ''''' millō' ''''' </i> generally interpreted to mean a "filling," e.g. a solid tower or an earth embankment; in &nbsp; Judges 9:6 , &nbsp;Judges 9:20; &nbsp;2 Kings 12:20 , we get מלּוא בּית , <i> ''''' bēth ''''' </i> <i> ''''' millō' ''''' </i> , translated in English [[Versions]] of the Bible "House of Millo," which Winckler thinks may have been the original Jebusite temple-shrine of Jerusalem (see [[Beth-Millo]] ); Septuagint reads Βηθμααλών , <i> ''''' Bēthmaalṓn ''''' </i> , also <i> ''''' Maalṓn ''''' </i> and <i> ''''' oı́kos ''''' </i> <i> ''''' Maallṓn ''''' </i> ): </p> 1. Old [[Testament]] References <p> It is generally supposed that "The Millo" was some kind of fortress or other defense, but many speculations have been made regarding its position. In &nbsp;2 Samuel 5:9 , we read that David built round about from the Millo and inward, or (in the Septuagint, Septuagint) "he fortified it, the city, round about from the Millo and his house" (compare &nbsp;1 Chronicles 11:8 ). In connection with Solomon's strengthening of the fortifications, there are several references to Millo. In &nbsp;1 Kings 9:15 , Solomon raised a levy "to build the house of Yahweh, and his own house, and Millo, and the wall of Jerusalem," etc.; in &nbsp;1 Kings 9:24 , "Pharaoh's daughter came up out of the city of David unto her house which Solomon had built for her: then did he build Millo"; in &nbsp;1 Kings 11:27 , Solomon "built Millo, and repaired the breach of the city of David his father." At a later time Hezekiah "took courage, and built up all the wall that was broken down, and raised it up to the towers, and the other wall without, and strengthened Millo in the city of David" (&nbsp;2 Chronicles 32:5; &nbsp;2 Kings 12:20 ); Joash was slain by his servants "at the house of Millo, on the way that goeth down to Silla," but possibly this may have been in Shechem (compare &nbsp;Judges 9:6 ). </p> 2. Identical with the Akra Site: <p> The mention of the site in the days of David and the reference to it in connection with the city of David (&nbsp;1 Kings 11:27 ) point to some part of the southeastern hill South of the temple. It is suggestive that Millo is in Septuagint always translated by "Akra." It seems to the present writer very probable that it was a fortress crowning the hill on which at a later time stood the [[Syrian]] Akra, which hill, if we are to believe [[Josephus]] ( <i> BJ </i> , V, iv, 1, etc.), was cut down because its commanding situation dominated the temple. This hill cannot have been the site of Zion afterward known as "David's Burg" (City of David), because the tombs of the [[Judean]] kings were within its walls, and that alone would have made the complete leveling of the site impossible, but whereas the Jebusite fortress was probably not far from Gihon, this fortified summit may have been, as Watson suggests for the Akra, as far north as where the present [[Al]] Aqsa mosque is situated. In David's time it may have been an isolated and detached fort guarding the north approach, but if it was originally a Jebusite high place (Winckler) partly of sun-dried brick like similar constructions in Babylonia, the account of its being leveled would be much more credible. The importance of this site in the days of Solomon is fully explicable if this was the citadel guarding the newly built temple and royal palaces. </p> <p> Dr. G.A. Smith is inclined to think that Millo may have been a fortress "off the south end of Ophel, to retain and protect the old pool," and Vincent suggests that the site of Millo is that now occupied by the great causeway connecting the Western and Eastern hills along which runs the <i> ''''' ṭarı̄ḳ ''''' </i> <i> ''''' bāb ''''' </i> <i> ''''' es ''''' </i> <i> ''''' silsileh ''''' </i> . </p>

<p> (Heb. always with the art. ham millo', '''''המַּלּוֹא''''' ''The Fulness;'' Sept. [Alex.] in 1 Kings 9 only '''''Ἡ''''' '''''Μελιο''''' ; Vulg. ''Mello),'' properly a mound or rampart, as being filled in with stones and earth; hence a fortress or castle; applied to two structures or fortifications: </p> <p> '''(a)''' According to [[Gesenius]] ''(Thes. Heb.'' page 789), a part of the citadel of Jerusalem, probably the rampart or intrenchment; or, as Winer thinks ( ''Worterb.'' s.v.), the tower afterwards called Hippicus (&nbsp;2 Samuel 5:9; &nbsp;1 Kings 9:15; &nbsp;1 Kings 9:24; &nbsp;1 Kings 11:27; &nbsp;1 Chronicles 11:8; &nbsp;2 Chronicles 32:5). In the last of these texts, where David is said to have restored or fortified the Millo "of" (not "in") the city of David, the Sept. has '''''Τὸ''''' '''''Ἀνάλῃμμα''''' '''''Τῆς''''' '''''Πόλεως''''' ''',''' "the [[Fortification]] of the city of David;" in the other passages it has simply '''''Ἄκρα''''' , the [[Mound]] or tower. The [[Targum]] merely Chaldaizes the Heb. term '''( '''''מְלֵיתָא''''' ''' '''''מִלְיְתָא''''' , ''Vallum)'' "Both name and thing seem to have been already in existence when the city was taken from the Jebusites by David. His first occupation, after getting possession, was to build around about, from the Millo and to the house' (A.V. '''''‘''''' inward.' &nbsp;2 Samuel 5:9); or, as the parallel passage has it, '''''‘''''' he built the city round about, and from the Millo round about' (&nbsp;1 Chronicles 11:8). Its repair or restoration was one of the great works for which Solomon raised his '''''‘''''' levy' (&nbsp;1 Kings 9:15; &nbsp;1 Kings 9:24; &nbsp;1 Kings 11:27); and it formed a prominent part of the fortifications by which Hezekiah prepared for the approach of the [[Assyrians]] (&nbsp;2 Chronicles 32:5)." The same place is probably meant by the "house of Millo," where Joash was killed (&nbsp;2 Kings 12:21). Others are of the opinion that Millo was the name of a valley in Jerusalem, which separated ancient [[Jebus]] from the city of David, but which was afterwards filled up by David and Solomon (Barclay, ''City Of The Great King,'' page 113). Schwarz (Pcrlest. page 241) holds that it was on the eastern declivity towards the spring of [[Siloam]] (reading [[Shiloah]] for Silla). The most natural impression from the notices is that it was some region or space adjacent to Mount Zion, perhaps that portion of the Tyropoeon enclosed by the first wall, the bridge, and the Temple. (See Lightfoot, Works, 2:189; '''''—''''' Hamelsveld, Bibl. Geogr. 2:46 sq.; Ewald, Jsr. Gesch. 3:70; Strong's ''Harm. And Expos. Of The Gospels,'' Append. 2, page 24; Schulz, Jerusalem, page 80.) (See Jerusalem). </p> <p> '''(b)''' The fortress or citadel of Shechem, all the occupants or garrison of which joined in proclaiming Abimelech their king (&nbsp;Judges 9:6; &nbsp;Judges 9:20). (See Beth-Millo); (See [[Silla]]). </p>