Difference between revisions of "Javan"

<p> [[Javan]] (''Jâ'Van'' ), ''Day.'' 1. A son of Japheth. &nbsp;Genesis 10:2; &nbsp;Genesis 10:4; &nbsp;Isaiah 66:19; &nbsp;Ezekiel 27:13. Javan was regarded as the representative of the Greek race. The name was probably introduced into Asia by the Phœnicians, to whom the Ionians were naturally better known than any other of the Hellenic races, on account of their commercial activity and the high prosperity of their towns on the western coast of Asia Minor. 2. A town in the southern part of Arabia (Yemen), whither the Phœnicians traded. &nbsp;Ezekiel 27:19. </p>

<li> A town or district of Arabia Felix, from which the [[Syrians]] obtained iron, cassia, and calamus (&nbsp;Ezekiel 27:19 ). <div> <p> '''Copyright Statement''' These dictionary topics are from M.G. Easton M.A., D.D., Illustrated Bible Dictionary, Third Edition, published by [[Thomas]] Nelson, 1897. Public Domain. </p> <p> '''Bibliography Information''' Easton, Matthew George. Entry for 'Javan'. Easton's Bible Dictionary. https://www.studylight.org/dictionaries/eng/ebd/j/javan.html. 1897. </p> </div> </li>

<p> (Hebrew Yavan', יָוָן '','' of foreign origin), the name of a person (borrowed from that of his descendants) and also of a city. </p> <p> '''1.''' (Sept. Ι᾿αύαν in &nbsp;Genesis 10:2; &nbsp;Genesis 10:4; Ι᾿αϋάν in &nbsp;1 Chronicles 1:5; &nbsp;1 Chronicles 1:7; ἡ ῞Ελλάς in &nbsp;Isaiah 66:19 and &nbsp;Ezekiel 27:13; elsewhere οἱ ῞Ελληνες '')'' The fourth son of Japheth,-and the father of Elishah, Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim (&nbsp;Genesis 10:2; &nbsp;Genesis 10:4; &nbsp;1 Chronicles 1:5; &nbsp;1 Chronicles 1:7). B.C. post 2514. Hence for the country settled by his posterity, supposed to be ''Greece,'' i.e. [[Ionia]] (whence the Heb. name), which province, settled by colonists from the mother country, was better known to the Orientals, as lying nearer to them, than [[Hellas]] itself (see Gesenius, ''Thes. Heb.'' p. 587). It is mentioned among the places where the Syrians obtained articles of traffic (comp. Bochart, ''Phaleg, 3,'' 3), namely, brass and slaves (&nbsp;Ezekiel 27:13), as a distant country among the "isles of the sea" (&nbsp;Isaiah 66:19). Alexander the Great is styled king of Javan.("Graeca," &nbsp;Daniel 8:21; &nbsp;Daniel 10:20; &nbsp;Daniel 11:2; &nbsp;Zechariah 9:13). In &nbsp;Joel 3:6, the patronymic occurs בְּנֵיאּהִיְּוָנֵים, sons of "the Grecians," like the poetic υιες Ἀχαίων. (See [[Ethnology]]). </p> <p> This name, or its analogue, is found as a designation of Greece not only in all the Shemitic dialects, but also in the Sanskrit, the Old Persic, and the Egyptian (Knobel. Volkertafel. p. 78 sq.), and the form Ι᾿άονες appears in [[Homer]] as the designation of the early inhabitants of Attica ''(Iliad, 13,'' 685), while Aeschylus and [[Aristophanes]] make their Persian interlocutors call the Greeks Ι᾿άονες (Aeschylus, ''Pers.'' 174, 055, 911, etc.; Aristoph. Acharn. 104, 106), and the Scholiast on the latter of these passages from Aristophanes expressly says, Πάντας τοὺς ῞Ελληνας Ι᾿άονας οἱ βάρβαροι ἐκάλουν. "The occurrence of the name in the cuneiform inscriptions of the time of [[Sargon]] (about B.C. 709), in the form of ''Yavnan'' or ''Yunan,'' as descriptive of the isle of Cyprus, where the [[Assyrians]] first came in contact with the power of the Greeks further shows that its use was not confined to the Hebrews, but was widely spread throughout the East. The name was probably introduced into Asia by the Phoenicians, to whom the Ionians were naturally better known than any other of the Hellenic races on account of their commercial activity and the high prosperity of their towns on the western coast of Asia Minor. The extension of the name westward to the general body of the Greeks, as they became known to the Hebrews through the Phoenicians, was but a natural process, analogous to that which we have already had to notice in the case of Chittim. It can hardly be imagined that the early Hebrews themselves had any actual acquaintance with the Greeks; it is, however, worth mentioning, as illustrative of the communication which existed between the Greeks and the East, that, amongst the artists who contributed to the ornamentation of Esarhaddon's palaces, the names of several Greek artists appear in one of the inscriptions (Rawlinson's Herod. 1, 483). At a later period the Hebrews must have gained considerable knowledge of the Greeks through the Egyptians. Psammetichus (B.C. 6.64-610) employed Ionians and Carians as mercenaries, and showed them so much favor that the war-caste of Egypt forsook him in a body: the Greeks were settled near Bubastis, in a part- of the country with which the [[Jews]] were familiar (Herod. 2, 154). The same policy was followed by the succeeding monarchs, especially [[Amasis]] (B.C. 571-525),who gave the Greeks Naucratis as a commercial emporium. It is tolerably certain that any information which the Hebrews acquired in relation to the Greeks must have been through the indirect means to which we have adverted; the Greeks themselves were very slightly acquainted with the southern coast of Syria until the invasion of Alexander the Great. The earliest notices of [[Palestine]] occur in the works of Hecataeus (B.C. 594-486), who mentions only the two towns Canytis and Cardytts; the next are in Herodotus, who describes the country as Syria Palestina, and notices incidentally the towns Ascalon, Azotus, Ecbatama. (Batannea?), and Cadytis, the same as the Canytis of Hecateus, probably Gaza. These towns were on the border of Egypt, with the exception of the uncertain Ecbatana, and it is' therefore highly probable that no Greek had, down to this late period, travelled through Palestine" (See Greece). </p> <p> '''2.''' (Sept. οινος ''V. R, Ι᾿Ωνάν'' , Ι᾿αουάν) A region or town of Arabia Felix, whence' the Syrians' procured manufactures of iron, cassia, and calamus (&nbsp;Ezekiel 27:19); probably the [[Javan]] mentioned in the ''Camû S'' (p. 1817) as" a town of Yemen," and "a port of Ispahan." Some confound this with the preceding name (Credner and Hitzig, [[On]] &nbsp;Joel 3:6; see Meier ''On Joel,'' p. 166), but Tuch ''(On Genesis'' p. 210) suggests that it may have been so named as having been founded by a colony of Greeks. By a change of reading (see Havernick, ad loc.) in an associated word (מֵאוּזָל.,from Uzal, for מְאוּזִּל, ''Spun,'' i.e. thread), some critics have thought they find another place mentioned in the same vicinity (see Bochart, ''Phaleg,'' I, 2, 21; Rosenmü ller, ''Bibl. Geog. 3:'' 296-305). [[Javelin]] is the rendering in the Auth. Vers. of two Heb. terms: חֲנַית(chanith', so called from its ''Flexibility),'' a lance (&nbsp;1 Samuel 18:10-11; &nbsp;1 Samuel 19:9-10; &nbsp;1 Samuel 20:33; elsewhere "spear"); and רֹמִח(ro'mach, from its ''Piercing),'' a lance for heavy-armed troops (&nbsp;Numbers 25:7; "lancet," i.e. spear-head, &nbsp;1 Kings 18:28; "bucklder," incorrectly, &nbsp;1 Chronicles 12:8; elsewhere "spear"). (See [[Armor]]). </p>

<p> ''''' jā´van ''''' ( יון , <i> ''''' yāwān ''''' </i> , meaning unknown): </p> <p> (1) In &nbsp;Genesis 10:2 , &nbsp;Genesis 10:4 = &nbsp; 1 Chronicles 1:5 , &nbsp;1 Chronicles 1:7 [[Septuagint]] Ἰωυάν , <i> '''''Iōuán''''' </i> ; &nbsp;Isaiah 66:19; &nbsp;Ezekiel 27:13 Septuagint Ἑλλάς , <i> '''''Hellás''''' </i> , Greece); &nbsp;Daniel 8:21 m; &nbsp; Daniel 10:20; &nbsp;Daniel 11:2; &nbsp;Zechariah 9:13; &nbsp;Joel 3:6 (Hebrew 4:6) Septuagint ὁι Ἑλληνες , <i> '''''hoi Héllēnes''''' </i> , i.e. "Greeks"), "son" of Japheth, and "father" of Elisha, Tars, Kittim, and Rodarim, i.e. [[Rhodes]] (incorrectly "Dodanim" in &nbsp;Genesis 10:4 ). Javan is the Greek Ἰάων , <i> '''''Iáōn''''' </i> or Ἰάων , <i> '''''Iá''''' </i> ('''''v''''' ) <i> '''''ōn''''' </i> , and in Gen and 1 Ch = the Ionian Greeks of Asia Minor, probably here = Cyprus. The reference in &nbsp;Ezekiel 27:13 (from which that in &nbsp; Isaiah 66:19 is copied) is the country personified. In Joel the plural יונים , <i> '''''yewānı̄m''''' </i> , is found. In Dan the name is extended to the Greeks generally. Corroboration of the name is found in Assyrian (Schrader, editor, <i> Keilinschriftliche Bibliothek </i> , II, 43). "The Persian <i> '''''Yauna''''' </i> occurs in the same double reference from the time of Darius; compare Aesch. <i> Pers </i> ., 176, 562" (Skinner, <i> Gen </i> , 198). In Egyptian the word is said to be <i> '''''yevan''''' </i> -'''''‛n'''''' <i> a </i> ; in the <i> Tell el-Amarna [[Letters]] </i> <i> '''''Yivana''''' </i> is mentioned as being in the land of Tyre. See <i> HDB </i> , II, 552b. </p> <p> (2) Place (&nbsp;Ezekiel 27:19 ); the name is missing in Septuagint. </p>

<p> Ja´van, the fourth son of Japhet. The interest connected with his name arises from his being the supposed progenitor of the original settlers in Greece and its isles [NATIONS, [[Dispersion]] OF]. </p>