Difference between revisions of "Horn"

<p> '''''Qeren''''' . [[Trumpets]] were perhaps at first merely horns perforated at the tip. In &nbsp;Joshua 6:4-5, instead of "trumpets of rams' horns," translated "Jubilee trumpets." Rams' horns would scarcely have been effective enough. Hajobeel, from jabal "to stream violently with noise," is the name for a long wind instrument like a horn. Used for summoning to war, or for public proclamations (&nbsp;Judges 3:27; &nbsp;Judges 7:18). The horn was also used for a flask to contain oil (&nbsp;1 Samuel 16:1); also to contain stibium or antimony to beautify the eyelashes and eyelids of women; from whence Job's daughter drew her name Keren-happuch, "horn of stibium," in contrast to Job's "horn defiled in the dust" formerly (&nbsp;Job 16:15). </p> <p> The "horn" being the instrument of the oxen's strength is the symbol of power (&nbsp;1 Kings 22:11). The "horns of the (See [[Altar]] " were simply projections from the four corners. The peak of a hill is called a horn. &nbsp;Isaiah 5:1, "a very fruitful hill" [[Hebrew]] "a horn of the son of oil," as the Swiss Shreckhorn, Wetterhorn, Celtic cairn. In &nbsp;Habakkuk 3:4, "He had horns coming out of His hand" means, He had the emblems of power wielded by His hand (L. de Dieu), or else rays" (i.e. lightnings): &nbsp;Psalms 18:8 (Maurer). So &nbsp;Exodus 34:29-30; &nbsp;Exodus 34:35, '''''Qaaran''''' , "to horn," is used in the sense to emit rays. Livingstone mentions a horn-shaped cap as worn by Africans; married Druse women wear silver horns on their heads. </p> <p> The ram with two horns (&nbsp;Daniel 8:3) represents the Medo-Persian double power. The "notable horn" of the "he goat" (&nbsp;Daniel 8:5) is Alexander the Great who on coins is represented with horns. The four horns in &nbsp;Zechariah 1:18 represent the four ruling powers of the world, to be superseded finally by Messiah's kingdom: Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece, and Rome. (On "the little horn" of the third and of the fourth world powers (&nbsp;Daniel 7:8; &nbsp;Daniel 8:9). (See [[Antichrist]] .) On [[Egyptian]] and Roman coins, and in [[Assyrian]] sculptures, are figures of gods with horns, symbolical of power. "A horn of salvation" means mighty instrument of salvation (&nbsp;Luke 1:69). </p>

<p> [[Horn, Horns]]  </p> <p> This word in Scripture doth not seem to be very generally understood. [[Certainly]] it is more than once spoken of in reference to the Lord Jesus Christ. Thus [[Jehovah]] saith, "I will make the horn of David to flourish," meaning Christ. (See &nbsp;Psalms 132:17) And Zacharias celebrates Christ to the same amount in his song, when saying, "the Lord hath raised up an horn for salvation for us, in the house of his servant David." (&nbsp;Luke 1:69) But when it is said, that the Lord "will cut off the horns of the wicked, and the horns of the righteous shall be exalted," (&nbsp;Psalms 75:10) here it appears, that the expression is in allusion to somewhat of a man's own, and not simply with an eye to Christ. Perhaps the word may be considered as referring in general to strength. Thus the son of "Chenaanah made him horns of iron, and said, with these shalt thou push the Syrians." (&nbsp;1 Kings 22:11) And, indeed, the prophet describes the Lord as having "horns coming out of his hand, when before him went the pestilence." (&nbsp;Habakkuk 3:4) Hence also we read of the horns of the altar. (&nbsp;Jeremiah 17:1; &nbsp;Revelation 9:13) But whether these had reference to any thing ornamental, or to objects more important, when "the sacrifice was bound with cords even to the horns of the altar," I cannot determine. (&nbsp;Psalms 118:27) </p>

<div> '''1: '''''Κέρας''''' ''' (Strong'S #2768 — Noun Neuter — keras — ker'-as ) </div> <p> "a horn," is used in the plural, as the symbol of strength, (a) in the apocalyptic visions; (1) on the head of the Lamb as symbolic of Christ, &nbsp;Revelation 5:6; (2) on the heads of beasts as symbolic of national potentates, &nbsp;Revelation 12:3; &nbsp;13:1,11; &nbsp;17:3,7,12,16 (cp. &nbsp; Daniel 7:8; &nbsp;8:9; &nbsp;Zechariah 1:18 , etc.); (3) at the corners of the golden altar, &nbsp;Revelation 9:13 (cp. &nbsp; Exodus 30:2; the horns were of one piece with the altar, as in the case of the brazen altar, &nbsp;Exodus 27:2 , and were emblematic of the efficacy of the ministry connected with it); (b) metaphorically, in the singular, "a horn of salvation," &nbsp;Luke 1:69 (a frequent metaphor in the OT, e.g., &nbsp; Psalm 18:2; cp. &nbsp;1 Samuel 2:10; &nbsp;Lamentations 2:3 ). </p>

<p> ''''' hôrn ''''' (Hebrew and [[Aramaic]] קרן , <i> ''''' ḳeren ''''' </i> ; κέρας , <i> ''''' kéras ''''' </i> ; for the "ram's horn" ( יובל , <i> ''''' yōbhēl ''''' </i> ) of &nbsp; Joshua 6 see [[Music]] , and for the "inkhorn" of &nbsp;Ezekiel 9:1-11 ( קסת , <i> ''''' ḳeṣeth ''''' </i> ) see separate article): </p> <p> (1) <i> ''''' Ḳeren ''''' </i> and <i> ''''' keras ''''' </i> represent the English "horn" exactly, whether on the animal (&nbsp; [[Genesis]] 22:13 ), or used for musical purposes (&nbsp;Joshua 6:5; &nbsp;1 Chronicles 25:5 ), or for containing a liquid (&nbsp;1 Samuel 16:1 , &nbsp;1 Samuel 16:13; &nbsp;1 Kings 1:39 ), but in &nbsp;Ezekiel 27:15 the horns of ivory are of course tusks and the "horns" of ebony are small (pointed?) logs. Consequently most of the usages require no explanation. </p> <p> (2) Both the altar of burnt offering (&nbsp;Exodus 27:2; &nbsp;Exodus 38:2; compare &nbsp;Ezekiel 43:15 ) and the incense altar (&nbsp;Exodus 30:2; &nbsp;Exodus 37:25 , &nbsp;Exodus 37:26; compare &nbsp;Revelation 9:13 ) had "horns," which are explained to be projections "of one piece with" the wooden framework and covered with the brass (or gold) that covered the altar. They formed the most sacred part of the altar and were anointed with the blood of the most solemn sacrifices (only) (&nbsp;Exodus 30:10; &nbsp;Leviticus 4:7 , &nbsp;Leviticus 4:18 , &nbsp;Leviticus 4:25 , &nbsp;Leviticus 4:30 , &nbsp;Leviticus 4:34; &nbsp;Leviticus 16:18; compare &nbsp;Ezekiel 43:20 ), and according to &nbsp;Leviticus 8:15; &nbsp;Leviticus 9:9 , the first official sacrifices began by anointing them. Consequently cutting off the horns effectually desecrated the altar (&nbsp;Amos 3:14 ), while "sin graven on them" (&nbsp;Jeremiah 17:1 ) took all efficacy from the sacrifice. On the other hand they offered the highest sanctuary (&nbsp;1 Kings 1:50 , &nbsp;1 Kings 1:51; &nbsp;1 Kings 2:28 ). Of their symbolism nothing whatever is said, and the eventual origin is quite obscure. "Remnants of a bull-cult" and "miniature sacred towers" have been suggested, but are wholly uncertain. A more likely origin is from an old custom of draping the altar with skins of sacrificed animals ( <i> RS </i> , 436). That, however, the "horns" were mere conveniences for binding the sacrificial animals (&nbsp;Psalm 118:27 , a custom referred to nowhere else in the Old Testament), is most unlikely. See Altar . </p> <p> (3) The common figurative use of "horn" is taken from the image of battling animals (literal use in &nbsp; Daniel 8:7 , etc.) to denote aggressive strength. So [[Zedekiah]] ben [[Chenaanah]] illustrates the predicted defeat of the enemies by pushing with iron horns (&nbsp;1 Kings 22:11; &nbsp;2 Chronicles 18:10 ), while "horns of the wildox" (&nbsp;Deuteronomy 33:17; &nbsp;Psalm 22:21; &nbsp;Psalm 92:10 , the King James Version "unicorn") represent the magnitude of power, and in &nbsp;Zechariah 1:18-21 "horns" stand for power in general. In &nbsp; Habakkuk 3:4 the "horns coming out of his hand" denote the potency of Yahweh's gesture (the Revised Version (British and American) "rays" may be smoother, but is weak). So to "exalt the horn" (&nbsp; 1 Samuel 2:1 , &nbsp;1 Samuel 2:10; &nbsp;Psalm 75:4 , etc.) is to clothe with strength, and to "cut off the horn" (not to be explained by &nbsp;Amos 3:14 ) is to rob of power (&nbsp;Psalm 75:10; &nbsp;Jeremiah 48:25 ). Hence, the "horn of salvation" in &nbsp;2 Samuel 22:3; &nbsp;Psalm 18:2; &nbsp;Luke 1:69 is a means of active defense and not a place of sanctuary as in &nbsp; 1 Kings 1:50 . When, in Dan 7:7-24; &nbsp;Daniel 8:3 , &nbsp;Daniel 8:8 , &nbsp;Daniel 8:9 , &nbsp;Daniel 8:20 , &nbsp;Daniel 8:21; &nbsp;Revelation 13:1; &nbsp;Revelation 17:3 , &nbsp;Revelation 17:7 , &nbsp;Revelation 17:12 , &nbsp;Revelation 17:16 , many horns are given to the same animal, they figure successive nations or rulers. But the seven horns in &nbsp;Revelation 5:6; &nbsp;Revelation 12:3 denote the completeness of the malevolent or righteous power. In &nbsp; Revelation 13:11 , however, the two horns point only to the external imitation of the harmless lamb, the "horns" being mere stubs. </p>