Difference between revisions of "Garden"

<p> An enclosure in the suburbs, fenced with a hedge or wall (&nbsp;Isaiah 5:5; &nbsp;Proverbs 24:31), planted with flowers, shrubs, and trees, guarded (from whence comes "garden") by watchmen in a lodge or tower (&nbsp;Isaiah 1:8, when the lodge is forsaken by the keeper, the bore poles leaning every way and the green boughs of the roof scattered, there could scarcely be a more vivid picture of Zion's desolation, &nbsp;Mark 12:1) to drive away wild beasts and robbers (&nbsp;Job 27:18). The quince, citron, almond, and other fruits, also herbs (&nbsp;1 Kings 21:2), cucumbers, lettuce, mustard, are mentioned as in gardens. The balsam, according to Pliny, grew only in two royal gardens of Judea, not elsewhere. Syria was so famed for gardens that the [[Greeks]] had a proverb, "the many garden herbs of the Syrians." The rose garden W. of the temple was peculiar in being within the walls; the smell from weeds and manure was the cause of gardens being usually forbidden within the walls. </p> <p> A reservoir cistern, or still better a fountain of water, was essential to a good garden. Compare &nbsp;Song of [[Solomon]] 4:15, "a fountain of gardens," ''''''Αyin Ganim''''' , Jenin now, i.e. a fountain sufficient to water man "gardens," "a well of living waters? (See [[En-Gannim]] .) Spiritually, the believer is the garden the [[Holy]] Spirit the living water (&nbsp;Jeremiah 2:18; &nbsp;Jeremiah 17:8; &nbsp;John 4:13-14; &nbsp;John 7:37-39); "A well watered garden" expresses abundant happiness and prosperity (&nbsp;Isaiah 58:11; &nbsp;Jeremiah 17:8; &nbsp;Jeremiah 31:12), as "a garden that hath no water" (&nbsp;Isaiah 1:30) expresses spiritual, national, and individual barrenness and misery. &nbsp;Psalms 1:3, the righteous "shall be like a tree planted by the rivers of waters (literally, the divisions of waters, the water being divided into rivulets to run along the rows of trees for irrigation) that bringeth forth his fruit in his season." </p> <p> Not only are his fruits (the tree's proper fruit, &nbsp;Revelation 22:2) good in themselves, but are in season (&nbsp;Ecclesiastes 3:1-11; contrast &nbsp;Matthew 21:19). "His leaf" also has its beauty and use and is "unwithering" (&nbsp;Ezekiel 47:12); even his minor traits of character are good after their kind, and his smallest undertaking, blessed because done unto the Lord and so shall abide. The law against mixing diverse seeds was observed by separating the various productions by light fences of reed. The "orchards" (Hebrew: "paradises") were especially for fruit trees, dates, figs, sycamores, etc. The occurrence of no less than 250 botanical terms in Old [[Testament]] shows the [[Israelite]] predilection for flowers, fruits, and pleasure grounds. The vine wound round the trellis or outer staircase, the emblem of the loving and fruitful wife and the happy home (&nbsp;Psalms 128:3). The house court or area generally had its shady terebinth. </p> <p> Under the shadowing fig leaves [[Nathanael]] communed with his God (&nbsp;John 1:48). The ripe grain in harvest joy was decorated with lilies; &nbsp;Song of Solomon 7:2, "thy bodice (of amber color) is a heap of wheat set about with lilies" (white or scarlet, answering to her scarf round her person). The [[Hebrew]] used gardens also as burial places (&nbsp;John 19:41). Here Jesus' sacred body was entombed in Joseph's new sepulchre. [[Manasseh]] and Amen were buried in Uzza's garden (&nbsp;2 Kings 21:18; &nbsp;2 Kings 21:26). Machpelah's field, Abraham's burial ground, was a garden with "trees in it, and in all the borders round about it" (&nbsp;Genesis 23:17). The garden of [[Gethsemane]] was Jesus' favorite resort for devotion (&nbsp;Matthew 26:36; &nbsp;John 18:1). [[Gardens]] were in idolatrous periods made the scene of superstition and image worship, the awful counterpart of the primitive Eden (&nbsp;Isaiah 1:29; &nbsp;Isaiah 65:3; &nbsp;Isaiah 66:17). </p> <p> Solomon's gardens and orchards with all kinds of fruits and pools of water for irrigation (&nbsp;Ecclesiastes 2:4-6) doubtless suggested the imagery &nbsp;Song of Solomon 4:12-15. It was in a garden of light Adam fell; in a garden of darkness, Gethsemane, the Second Adam overcame the tempter and retrieved us. The "streams from Lebanon" imply that the fountain is lowly, the source lofty. Christ (and so Christ's church) springs up on the earth, but has His source in heaven; no longer "sealed" but "open" streams (&nbsp;Revelation 22:10; &nbsp;Revelation 22:17). </p> <p> The site near [[Bethlehem]] assigned to Solomon's garden is probably correct. It is a suitable retreat, near the capital, and the names of localities about confirm the tradition: wady Urtas, "the valley of the garden"; gebel-el-Fureidis, "the hill of the little paradise"; "fig vale"; "peach hill"; "walnut walk"; "garden of nuts." The "king's garden" (&nbsp;2 Kings 25:4; &nbsp;Nehemiah 3:15; &nbsp;Jeremiah 34:4; &nbsp;Jeremiah 52:7) was near the pool of Siloam, at the Tyropoeon valley, where the valleys of [[Jehoshaphat]] and [[Hinnom]] met. </p>

<div> '''1: '''''Κῆπος''''' ''' (Strong'S #2779 — Noun Masculine — kepos — kay'-pos ) </div> <p> "a garden," occurs in &nbsp;Luke 13:19 , in one of the Lord's parables; in &nbsp;John 18:1,26 , of the garden of Gethsemane; in &nbsp;John 19:41 , of the garden near the place of the Lord's crucifixion. </p>

<p> ''''' gar´d ''''' ' ''''' n ''''' ( גּן , <i> ''''' gan ''''' </i> , גּנּה , <i> ''''' gannāh ''''' </i> , גּנּה , <i> ''''' ginnāh ''''' </i> ; κῆπος , <i> ''''' kḗpos ''''' </i> ): The Arabic <i> ''''' jannah ''''' </i> (diminutive, <i> ''''' jannainah ''''' </i> ), like the Hebrew <i> ''''' gannāh ''''' </i> , literally, "a covered or hidden place," denotes in the mind of the dweller in the East something more than the ordinary garden. Gardens in Biblical times, such as are frequently referred to in Semitic literature, were usually walled enclosures, as the name indicates (&nbsp; Lamentations 2:6 the American Revised Version, margin), in which there were paths winding in and out among shade and fruit trees, canals of running water, fountains, sweet-smelling herbs, aromatic blossoms and convenient arbors in which to sit and enjoy the effect. These gardens are mentioned in Gen 2 and 3; &nbsp; [[Genesis]] 13:10; &nbsp;Song of Solomon 4:12-16; &nbsp;Ecclesiastes 2:5 , &nbsp;Ecclesiastes 2:6; &nbsp;Ezekiel 28:13; &nbsp;Ezekiel 31:8 , &nbsp;Ezekiel 31:9; &nbsp;Ezekiel 36:35; &nbsp;Joel 2:3 . [[Ancient]] Babylonian, [[Assyrian]] and [[Egyptian]] records show the fondness of the rulers of these countries for gardens laid out on a grand scale and planted with the rarest trees and plants. The drawings made by the ancients of their gardens leave no doubt about their general features and their correspondence with Biblical gardens. The Persian word <i> ''''' pardeṣ ''''' </i> (παράδεισος , <i> ''''' parádeisos ''''' </i> ) appears in the later Hebrew writings to denote more extensive gardens or parks. It is translated "orchards" in &nbsp;Ecclesiastes 2:5 the King James Version; &nbsp; Song of Solomon 4:13 . See [[Paradise]] . </p> <p> Such gardens are still common throughout the Levant. They are usually situated on the outskirts of a city (compare &nbsp;John 18:1 , &nbsp;John 18:26; &nbsp;John 19:41 ), except in the case of the more pretentious estates of rich pashas or of the government seats (compare &nbsp;2 Kings 21:18; &nbsp;Esther 1:5; &nbsp;Esther 7:7 , &nbsp;Esther 7:8; &nbsp;Nehemiah 3:15; &nbsp;2 Kings 25:4; &nbsp;Jeremiah 39:4; &nbsp;Jeremiah 52:7 ). They are enclosed with walls of mud blocks, as in Damascus, or stone walls capped with thorns, or with hedges of thorny bushes (compare &nbsp;Lamentations 2:6 the American Revised Version, margin), or prickly pear. In nearly treeless countries, where there is no rain during 4 or 5 months, at least, of the year, the gardens are often the only spots where trees and other vegetation can flourish, and here the existence of vegetation depends upon the water supply, brought in canals from streams, or raised from wells by more or less crude lifting machines (compare &nbsp; Numbers 24:7 ). Such references as &nbsp;Genesis 2:10; &nbsp;Numbers 24:6; &nbsp;Deuteronomy 11:10; &nbsp;Isaiah 1:30; &nbsp;Isaiah 58:11; &nbsp;Song of Solomon 4:15 indicate that in ancient times they were as dependent upon irrigation in Biblical lands as at present. The planning of their gardens so as to utilize the water supplies has become instinctive with the inhabitants of Palestine and Syria. The writer has seen a group of young Arab boys modeling a garden out of mud and conducting water to irrigate it by channels from a nearby canal, in a manner that a modern engineer would admire. Gardens are cultivated, not only for their fruits and herbs (compare &nbsp; Song of Solomon 6:11; &nbsp;Isaiah 1:8; &nbsp;1 Kings 21:2 ) and shade (compare &nbsp;Song of Solomon 6:11; &nbsp;Luke 13:19 ), but they are planned to serve as dwelling-places during the summer time when the houses are hot and stuffy. That this was an ancient practice is indicated by &nbsp;Song of Solomon 5:2; &nbsp;Song of Solomon 6:2; &nbsp;Song of Solomon 8:13 . A shaded garden, the air laden with the ethereal perfumes of fruits and flowers, accompanied by the music of running water, a couch on which to sit or recline, suggest a condition of bliss dear to the Oriental. Only one who has traveled for days in a dry, glaring desert country and has come upon a spot like the gardens of such a city as Damascus, can realize how near like paradise these gardens can appear. [[Mohammed]] pictured such a place as the future abode of his followers No doubt the remembrances of his visit to Damascus were fresh in his mind when he wrote. <i> ''''' [[El]] ''''' </i> - <i> ''''' Jannah ''''' </i> is used by the [[Moslems]] to signify the "paradise of the faithful." </p> <p> Gardens were used as places of sacrifice, especially in heathen worship (&nbsp;Isaiah 1:29; &nbsp;Isaiah 65:3; &nbsp;Isaiah 66:17 ). They sometimes contained burial places (&nbsp;2 Kings 21:18 , &nbsp;2 Kings 21:26; &nbsp;John 19:41 ). </p> <p> Figurative: The destruction of gardens typified desolation (&nbsp; Amos 4:9 ); on the other hand, fruitful gardens figured prosperity (&nbsp;Numbers 24:6; &nbsp;Job 8:16; &nbsp;Isaiah 51:3; &nbsp;Isaiah 58:11; &nbsp;Isaiah 61:11; &nbsp;Jeremiah 29:5 , &nbsp;Jeremiah 29:28; &nbsp;Jeremiah 31:12; &nbsp;Amos 9:14 ). </p>