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== Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary <ref name="term_80660" /> ==
<p> the name of two apocryphal books which were always excluded the [[Jewish]] canon, and are too absurd to be admitted as canonical by the Papists themselves. They are supposed to have been originally written in Greek by some Hellenistical Jews; though some imagine that they were first written in Chaldee, and afterward translated into Greek. It is uncertain when they were composed, though it is generally agreed that the author wrote before Josephus. </p>
       
== Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_72317" /> ==
<p> '''Es'dras.''' ''(Greek Form Of Ezra).'' The form of the name of Ezra, the scribe, in 1 and 2 Esdras. </p>
       
== Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_50974" /> ==
<p> <strong> [[Esdras]] </strong> . See Apocrypha, and Apoc. [Note: Apocalypse, Apocalyptic.] Literature. </p>
       
== Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_39124" /> ==
<p> ( '''''Εσδρας''''' ; Vulg. ''Esdras),'' the Graecized form, used throughout the Apocrypha (&nbsp;1 Esdras 8:1; &nbsp;1 Esdras 8:3; &nbsp;1 Esdras 8:7-9; &nbsp;1 Esdras 8:19; &nbsp;1 Esdras 8:23; &nbsp;1 Esdras 8:25; &nbsp;1 Esdras 8:91-92; &nbsp;1 Esdras 8:96; &nbsp;1 Esdras 9:1; &nbsp;1 Esdras 9:7; &nbsp;1 Esdras 9:16; &nbsp;1 Esdras 9:39-40; &nbsp;1 Esdras 9:42; &nbsp;1 Esdras 9:45-46; &nbsp;1 Esdras 9:49; &nbsp;2 Esdras 1:1; &nbsp;2 Esdras 2:10; &nbsp;2 Esdras 2:33; &nbsp;2 Esdras 2:42; &nbsp;2 Esdras 6:10; &nbsp;2 Esdras 7:2; &nbsp;2 Esdras 7:25; &nbsp;2 Esdras 8:2; &nbsp;2 Esdras 8:19; &nbsp;2 Esdras 14:1; &nbsp;2 Esdras 14:38), of the name of the scribe EZRA (See [[Ezra]]) (q.v.). In several manuscripts of the Latin Vulgate, as well as in all the printed editions anterior to the decree of the [[Council]] of Trent, and in many since that period, there will be found four books following each other, entitled the 1&nbsp;James 2:1-26 d, 3d, and 4th books of Ezra. The first two are the canonical books of Ezra and Nehemiah, the 3d and 4th form the subject of the articles below. They are the same which are called 1&nbsp;James 2:1-26 d Esdras in the English Authorized Version. For their use and relation to the canonical books see Josippon ben-Gorion (ed. Breithaupt, 1710), page 47 sq.; Trendelenburg, in Eichhorn's Biblioth. 1:180 sq.; Eichhorn, Einleit. in d. Apocr. page 335 sq.; Herzfeld, Gesct. d. Israel, page 320 sq.; Ewald, Gesch. Isr. 4:131 sq.; Keil, Einleit. in d. A. T. (ed. 1859), page 677 sq.; Davidson, Text of O.T. page 937 sq. (See [[Apocrypha]]). </p>
       
== The Nuttall Encyclopedia <ref name="term_72919" /> ==
<p> The name of two books of the Apocrypha, the first, written 2nd century B.C., containing the history of the rebuilding of the [[Temple]] and the restoration of its cultus, with a discussion on the strangest of all things, ending in assigning the palm to truth; and the second, written between 97 and 81 B.C., a forecast of the deliverance of the [[Jews]] from oppression and the establishment of the Messianic kingdom. </p>
       
==References ==
<references>


Esdras <ref name="term_39127" />
<ref name="term_80660"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/watson-s-biblical-theological-dictionary/esdras Esdras from Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary]</ref>
<p> (Armen. Ezr or Ezras), catholicos or universal patriarch of Armenia, was born at Parhajlaguerd (in the province of Ararat). He was educated '''''Ῥ''''' from his childhood in the patriarchal palace, and after having filled the office of doorkeeper to St. [[Gregory]] the Illuminator, was elected to succeed the patriarch [[Christopher]] III, who died A.D. 628. A short time after that the emperor Heraclius, on his return from his expedition against [[Chosroes]] II, king of Persia, stopped at Garin, formerly called Theodosiopolis and now Erzerim, and undertook to unite the Armenian Church with the Greek. To this end he tried to conciliate the affections of the [[Armenians]] who had submitted to his rule. He gave them as governor-general a very popular man, the prince Mjej Cnouni; he treated the patriarch with distinction, and gave him a part of the city of Goghp. </p> <p> At the order of the emperor, [[Esdras]] called together a council (A.D. 629) in the city of Garin, where a great number of bishops, doctors (vertabeds), and Armenian princes, likewise several Greek doctors, came together. During the conference of one month, the reunion of the two churches was decreed. The [[Council]] of [[Chalcedon]] was recognized as the fourth, General Council, and it was concluded that the feast of the nativity of Jesus Christ is to be celebrated separately from that of his baptism. Most of the Perso-Armenian bishops adhered to the decisions of the council. Many of the theologians who had- attached themselves to the anathematized doctrines received Esdras very coldly when he came back to Tevin, the seat of his administration, and loudly disapproved his last acts. The chief of this party, John Mairagometsi, was ill-treated by order of the patriarch and sent into exile as a heretic. Esdras died in 689, of sorrow, it is said. He has been differently judged by his compatriots; the historians John VI [[Catholicos]] and [[Michael]] Asori (or the Syrian) call him ignorant, while the Armenians unitedly reverence him as a saint. During his time [[Armenia]] was ravaged by the Arabs, who massacred thirty thousand people in the city of Tevin. [[Nerses]] III, bishop of Daik, succeeded Esdras. See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s.v. </p>
       
 
<ref name="term_72317"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/smith-s-bible-dictionary/esdras Esdras from Smith's Bible Dictionary]</ref>
== References ==
       
<references>
<ref name="term_50974"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-bible/esdras Esdras from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible]</ref>
<ref name="term_39127"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/esdras+(2) Esdras from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_39124"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/esdras Esdras from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref>
       
<ref name="term_72919"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/the-nuttall-encyclopedia/esdras Esdras from The Nuttall Encyclopedia]</ref>
       
</references>
</references>
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