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== Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words <ref name="term_77540" /> == | |||
<p> '''''emp´ẽr''''' -'''''ẽr''''' ( ὁ σεβαστός , <i> '''''ho sebastós''''' </i> ; | <div> '''1: '''''Σεβαστός''''' ''' (Strong'S #4575 — Adjective — sebastos — seb-as-tos' ) </div> <p> "august, reverent," the masculine gender of an adjective (from sebas, "reverential awe"), became used as the title of the Roman emperor, Acts 25:21,25 , RV, for AV, "Augustus;" then, taking its name from the emperor, it became a title of honor applied to certain legions or cohorts or battalions, marked for their valor, Acts 27:1 . Cp. sebazomai, "to worship," Romans 1:25; sebasma, "an object of worship," Acts 17:23; 2—Thessalonians 2:4 . </p> | ||
== King James Dictionary <ref name="term_59750" /> == | |||
<p> EM'PEROR, n. L. imperator, from impero, to command. </p> <p> Literally, the commander of an army. In modern times, the sovereign or supreme monarch of an empire a title of dignity superior to that of king as the emperor of [[Germany]] or of Russia. </p> | |||
== Webster's Dictionary <ref name="term_116062" /> == | |||
<p> (n.) The sovereign or supreme monarch of an empire; - a title of dignity superior to that of king; as, the emperor of Germany or of Austria; the emperor or Czar of Russia. </p> | |||
== Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament <ref name="term_55758" /> == | |||
<p> See Augustus. </p> | |||
== Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_38896" /> == | |||
<p> (Lat. imperator, general), a title common (in its Latin form) to all governors who had paramount jurisdiction within a given province (Smith, Diet. of Class. Antiq. s.v. Imperium), but technically assumed as a praenomen first by [[Julius]] Caesar (Sueton. Jul. 76), as affecting supreme power, and historically attributed to his successors, the heads of the so- styled [[Roman Empire]] (See [[Roman Empire]]) (q.v.). They were also designated as CAESAR (See [[Caesar]]) (q.v.). We are here chiefly concerned with them as they came in contact with the [[Christian]] religion in the character of persecutors or patrons. (See [[Persecution]]). (See Baldwin, Edicta vett. principum Roman. de Christianis, Hal. 1727 [also in Heineccii Jurispr. [[Romans]] 1:1374 sq.]; Crause, ''De Romanorum Imperatoribus Haereticis,'' viz. 1674; Hebenstreit, ''De Primis Christianis Imperatoribus,'' Jen. 1702; Heineccius, ''De Ministris Caesarun Christianis,'' Hal. 1712; also Hirt, ''De Imperatorun Ante Constant. Erga Christianos Favore,'' Jen. 1758; Koepke, ''De Statu Christianorum Sub Impp.'' Berol. 1828). </p> <p> The following is a complete list of the Roman emperors, with their respective dates of accession. </p> <p> '''Julio-Cl''' audians </p> <p> (31 or) 27 B.C. - 14 A.D. [[Augustus]] 14 - 37 [[Tiberius]] 37 - 41 [[Caligula]] 41 - 54 [[Claudius]] 54 - 68 [[Nero]] </p> <p> Year of the 4 Emperors </p> <p> (ends with Vespasian) </p> <p> 68 - 69 [[Galba]] 69 [[Otho]] 69 [[Vitellius]] </p> <p> Flavian Dynasty </p> <p> 69 - 79 [[Vespasian]] 79 - 81 Titus 81 - 96 [[Domitian]] </p> <p> 5 Good Emperors </p> <p> 96 - 98 [[Nerva]] 98 - 117 [[Trajan]] 117 - 138 [[Hadrian]] 138 - 161 [[Antoninus]] [[Pius]] 161 - 180 [[Marcus]] Aurelius (161 - 169 [[Lucius]] Verus) </p> <p> (The next cluster of emperors is not part of a specific dynasty or other common grouping, but includes 4 from the year of the 5 emperors, 193.) </p> <p> 177/180 - 192 [[Commodus]] 193 Pertinax 193 Didius Julianus 193 - 194 Pescennius [[Niger]] 193 - 197 [[Clodius]] [[Albinus]] </p> <p> [[Severans]] </p> <p> 193 - 211 Septimius [[Severus]] 198/212 - 217 [[Caracalla]] 217 - 218 Macrinus 218 - 222 Elagabalus 222 - 235 Severus [[Alexander]] </p> <p> (More emperors without a dynastic label, although it includes the year of the 6 emperors, 238.) For more on this age of chaos, read Brian Campbell's excellent synopsis in The Romans and Their World. </p> <p> 235 - 238 Maximinus 238 Gordian I and II 238 Balbinus and Pupienus 238 - 244 Gordian III 244 - 249 [[Philip]] the [[Arab]] 249 - 251 [[Decius]] 251 - 253 Gallus 253 - 260 Valerian 254 - 268 Gallienus 268 - 270 Claudius Gothicus 270 - 275 [[Aurelian]] 275 - 276 Tacitus 276 - 282 [[Probus]] 282 - 285 Carus Carinus Numerian </p> <p> Tetrarchy </p> <p> 285-ca.310 [[Diocletian]] 295 L. [[Domitius]] [[Domitianus]] 297-298 Aurelius [[Achilleus]] 303 [[Eugenius]] 285- ca.310 Maximianus Herculius 285 [[Amandus]] 285 Aelianus Iulianus </p> <p> 286?-297? British Emperors 286/7-293 Carausius 293-296/7 Allectus </p> <p> 293-306 [[Constantius]] I Chlorus </p> <p> Dynasty of [[Constantine]] </p> <p> 293-311 Galerius 305-313 Maximinus Daia 305-307 Severus II 306-312 Maxentius 308-309 L. Domitius Alexander 308-324 Licinius 314? [[Valens]] 324 Martinianus 306-337 [[Constantinus]] I 333/334 Calocaerus 337-340 Constantinus II 337-350 [[Constans]] I 337-361 Constantius II 350-353 Magnentius 350 Nepotian 350 Vetranio 355 [[Silvanus]] 361-363 Julianus 363-364 Jovianus </p> <p> (More emperors without a dynastic label) </p> <p> 364-375 [[Valentinianus]] I 375 [[Firmus]] 364-378 Valens 365-366 [[Procopius]] 366 [[Marcellus]] 367-383 [[Gratian]] 375-392 Valentinianus II 378-395 Theodosius I 383-388 [[Magnus]] Maximus 384-388 Flavius [[Victor]] 392-394 Eugenius </p> <p> 395-423 Honorius[Division of the [[Empire]] - Honorius' brother [[Arcadius]] ruled the East 395-408] 407-411 Constantine III usurper 421 Constantius III 423-425 [[Johannes]] 425-455 Valentinian III 455 [[Petronius]] Maximus 455-456 [[Avitus]] 457-461 Majorian 461-465 Libius Severus 467-472 Anthemius 468 Arvandus 470 Romanus 472 Olybrius 473-474 Glycerius 474-475 Julius [[Nepos]] 475-476 [[Romulus]] Augustulus </p> | |||
== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_3211" /> == | |||
<p> ''''' emp´ẽr ''''' - ''''' ẽr ''''' ( ὁ σεβαστός , <i> ''''' ho sebastós ''''' </i> ; Latin <i> augustus </i> : The title of the Roman emperors; Acts 25:21 , Acts 25:25 ). See Augustus; Caesar . </p> | |||
==References == | ==References == | ||
<references> | <references> | ||
<ref name="term_77540"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/vine-s-expository-dictionary-of-nt-words/emperor Emperor from Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_59750"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/king-james-dictionary/emperor Emperor from King James Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_116062"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/webster-s-dictionary/emperor Emperor from Webster's Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_55758"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-new-testament/emperor Emperor from Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_38896"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/emperor Emperor from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_3211"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/emperor Emperor from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref> | <ref name="term_3211"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/emperor Emperor from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref> | ||
</references> | </references> | ||
