Difference between revisions of "Advocate"

<p> [[Translation]] (consistently in NRSV and JB) of the [[Greek]] work <i> parakletos </i> [16:2) it is used for Job's "comforters." [[Clearly]] the work of the [[Holy]] [[Spirit]] is more than either of these: the Spirit is more than a "Counselor" and stronger than a "Comforter" (in our modern sense of the word). The [[Gospel]] passages certainly mean that the Holy Spirit is Helper, "another" <i> Parakletos </i> [ <span> [[John]] 14:16 </span> ), because [[Jesus]] had truly been that. The Spirit was promised to remain with Jesus' disciples always (14:16), to "teach" (14:26), to "testify" about [[Christ]] and to enable them to testify (15:26), and to "convict the world of guilt" (16:7). Then <span> 1 John 2:1 </span> speaks of Jesus as our continuing advocate with the Father, because we who are sinful find in him the atoning sacrifice for our sins, and thus have our acceptance with the Father. </p> <p> [[Francis]] Foulkes </p> <p> <i> [[See]] also </i> <a> Holy Spirit </a> </p> <p> <i> Bibliography </i> . J. Behm, <i> TDNT, </i> 5:800-14; G. Braumann, <i> NIDNTT </i> , 1:88-91; L. Morris, <i> The Gospel according to John </i> . </p>

<p> [[Old]] [[Testament]] While the word <i> advocate </i> is not found in the Old Testament, the concept of advocacy is found. [[Abraham]] intercedes with [[God]] in behalf of [[Sodom]] ( <span> [[Genesis]] 18:23-33 </span> ); [[Moses]] intercedes with God in behalf of the [[Israelites]] ( <span> [[Exodus]] 32:11-14 </span> ); [[Samuel]] intercedes with God in behalf of the children of [[Israel]] ( <span> 1 Samuel 7:8-9 </span> ). Other examples may be found in <span> [[Jeremiah]] 14:7-9 </span> ,Jeremiah 14:7-9, <span> 14:13 </span> ,Jeremiah 14:13, <span> 14:19-22 </span> and <span> [[Amos]] 7:2 </span> ,Amos 7:2, <span> 7:5-6 </span> . [[Modern]] translators often use “advocate” to refer to Job's desire for a heavenly attorney to plead his case even though he die ( <span> [[Job]] 16:19 </span> ). </p> <p> New Testament “Advocate” is the translation often given to the [[Greek]] <i> parakletos </i> in <span> 1 [[John]] 2:1 </span> , a word found elsewhere only in John's [[Gospel]] as a title referring to the [[Holy]] Spirit, and there translated “Helper,” “Comforter,” “Counselor,” or “Advocate” ( <span> John 14:16 </span> ,John 14:16, <span> 14:26 </span> ; <span> John 15:26 </span> ; <span> John 16:7 </span> ). [[Ancient]] [[Greeks]] used the term for one called in to assist or speak for another, frequently in a court setting. [[Rabbis]] transliterated the word into Hebrew, using it to denote an advocate before God. 1John portrayed a courtroom scene in which [[Jesus]] Christ, the righteous One, intercedes with the [[Father]] on behalf of sinners. Such a portrayal stands in line with Old Testament ideas of advocacy, but supersedes it. [[In]] contrast to Old Testament advocates, Jesus is both the one righteous [[Advocate]] and the “atoning sacrifice” (NIV) for the world's sins ( <span> 1 John 2:2 </span> ). <span> 1 John 2:1 </span> parallels other New Testament descriptions of Jesus' intercessory role ( <span> [[Romans]] 8:34 </span> ; <span> Hebrews 7:25 </span> ). [[See]] <a> [[Helper]] </a> ; <a> [[Paraclete]] </a> ; <a> [[Intercession]] </a> ; <a> Jesus [[Christ]] </a> , <a> High [[Priest]] </a> . </p> <p> R. [[Robert]] Creech </p>

<p> <translit> ad´vo </translit> - <translit> kā̇t </translit> ( <span> παράκλητος </span> , <i> <translit> paráklētos </translit> </i> ): [[Found]] in <span> 1 [[John]] 2:1 </span> , "If any man sin, we have an [[Advocate]] with the Father, [[Jesus]] [[Christ]] the righteous." The [[Greek]] word has several shades of meaning: (1) a legal advocate; (2) an intercessor, (3) a helper generally. [[In]] the passage before us the first and second meanings are included. Christ in heaven intercedes for [[Christians]] who sin upon earth. The next verse declares that [[He]] is the "propitiation for our sins" and it is [[His]] propitiatory work which lies at the basis of His intercession. The margins of the [[Revised]] [[Version]] (British and American) and the [[American]] [[Standard]] Revised Version give as alternative readings Comforter, Helper, Greek Paraclete. [[Beyond]] doubt however, "advocate" is the correct translation in the passage in the epistle. The same Greek word also occurs in the [[Gospel]] of John ( <span> John 14:16 </span> , <span> John 14:26 </span> ; <span> John 15:26 </span> ; <span> John 16:7 </span> ) referring not to Christ but to the [[Holy]] Spirit, to whom Christ refers as "another comforter" whom He will send from the Father. In the Gospel various functions are ascribed to the [[Spirit]] in relation to believers and unbelievers. The word in the Gospel is inadequately translated "Comforter." The Spirit according to these passages, is more than [[Comforter]] and more than Advocate. [[See]] <a> PARACLETE </a> ; <a> COMFORTER </a> ; <a> HOLY SPIRIT </a> . </p>

<p> ( <span> Παράκλητος </span> <span> , </span> PARACLETE), one who pleads the cause of another; also one who exhorts, defends, comforts, prays for another. It is an appellation given to the [[Holy]] [[Spirit]] by [[Christ]] ( <span> [[John]] 14:16 </span> ; <span> John 15:26 </span> ; <span> John 16:7 </span> ) (See <a> COMFORTER </a> )] and to Christ himself by an apostle ( <span> 1 John 2:1 </span> ; see also <span> [[Romans]] 8:34 </span> ; <span> Hebrews 7:25 </span> ). </p> <p> [[In]] the forensic sense, advocates or pleaders were not known to the Jews, (See <a> TRIAL </a> ) until they came under the dominion of the Romans, and were obliged to transact their law affairs after the [[Roman]] manner. Being then little conversant with the Roman laws and with the forms of the jurists, it was necessary for them, in pleading a cause before the Roman magistrates, to obtain the assistance of a Roman lawyer or advocate who was well versed in the [[Greek]] and [[Latin]] languages (Otti Spicil. Crim. p. 325). In all the Roman provinces such men were found who devoted their time and labor to the pleading of causes and the transacting of other legal business in the provincial courts (Lamprid. Vit. Alex. Sev. c. 44). It also appears (Cic. pro Coelio, c. 30) that many Roman youths who had devoted themselves to forensic business used to repair to the provinces with the consuls and praetors, in order, by managing the causes of the provincials, to fit themselves for more important ones at Rome. Such an advocate was Tertullus, whom the [[Jews]] employed to accuse [[Paul]] before [[Felix]] ( <span> Acts 24:1 </span> ); for although <span> ῾Ρήτωρ </span> <span> , </span> the term applied to him, signifies primarily an <span> orator </span> or <span> speaker, </span> yet it also denotes a pleader or advocate (Kuinol, <span> Comment., </span> and Bloomfield, <span> Recens Synopt. </span> ad <span> Acts 24:2 </span> ). (See <a> ACCUSER </a> ). </p>