Countenance
Countenance [1]
koun´te - nans :
(1) The noun (see also under the word Face ) is the translation of a variety of Hebrew and Greek expressions, פּנים , pānı̄m ; πρόσωπον , prósōpon , being the most frequent. Besides these there are found מראה , mar'eh , "appearance," "shape," "comeliness," "visage," עין , ‛ayı̄n , "the eye," תּאר , tō'ar , "appearance," "figure," etc., and Aramaic זיו , zı̄w . To the Oriental the countenance mirrors, even more than to us, the character and feelings of the heart. The countenance ( mar'eh is "fair" ( 1 Samuel 17:42; 2 Samuel 14:27; Daniel 1:15 ); in 1 Samuel 16:12 , literally, "fair of eyes"; "comely" ( Song of Solomon 2:14 ); "beautiful" ‛ tō'ar , 1 Samuel 25:3 ); "cheerful" ( pānı̄m , Proverbs 15:13 ); "angry" ( Proverbs 15:23 ); "fierce" ( Daniel 8:23 ); "troubled" ( Ezekiel 27:35 ); "sad" ( 1 Samuel 1:18; Nehemiah 2:2 , Nehemiah 2:3; Ecclesiastes 7:3 ). The countenance is "sharpened" i.e. made keen ( Proverbs 27:17 ); it "falls," i.e. looks despondent, disappointed ( Genesis 4:5 , Genesis 4:6 ); is "cast down" ( Job 29:24 ); "changed" ( Job 14:20; compare "altered" into glory, Luke 9:29; Daniel 5:6 , Daniel 5:9 , Daniel 5:10; Daniel 7:28 , Aramaic zı̄w ). To settle one's countenance stedfastly upon a person ( 2 Kings 8:11 ) is synonymous with staring or gazing at a person. Not infrequently we find compound expressions such as "light of countenance," i.e. favor ( Job 29:24; Psalm 4:6; Psalm 44:3; Psalm 89:15; Psalm 90:8 ); health of countenance" ( Psalm 41:11; Psalm 43:5 ); "help of countenance" ( Psalm 42:5 ); "rebuke of countenance" ( Psalm 80:16 ); "pride of countenance" (Hebrew 'aph , literally, "haughty," "lofty nose," Psalm 10:4 ).
(2) As verb (Hebrew הדר , hādhar , "to countenance") we find the word in the King James Version of Exodus 23:3 , where the Revisers translate "Neither shalt thou favor (the King James Version "countenance") a poor man in his cause." Here the meaning seems to be that no distinction of persons shall be made by the judge. See Leviticus 19:15 , where, however, a different word is used. There is therefore no need of the emendation proposed by Knobel and accepted by Kautzsch, who would read גּדל , gādhōl , "great," for ודל , wedhāl , "and the poor" of the text. The Septuagint has πένης , pénēs , "poor."
