Difference between revisions of "Horn"

<p> The horn is used as a symbol of power, strength, honor and grandeur. Sometimes it is a good power, and sometimes an evil power. Sometimes it refers to the strength of a nation, other times to the ruler of a nation. Sometimes it refers to a position of elegance and popularity with pride. Only a few cases will be listed to illustrate these truths. </p> <p> &nbsp;Deuteronomy 33:17 (a) Type of the strength and the power of the two tribes of Joseph. </p> <p> &nbsp;1 Samuel 2:1 (a) Type of the feelings of victory of [[Hannah]] because she was a new mother. </p> <p> &nbsp;2 Samuel 22:3 (a) Type of GOD as the power who placed David as King over Israel. </p> <p> &nbsp;1 Kings 22:11 (b) Type of the power of the King of [[Israel]] in conquering Syria. </p> <p> &nbsp;Job 16:15 (b) Type of the humbling experience of Job when he lost his all. &nbsp;Psalm 18:2 (a) Type of the power of GOD which gave David his position. &nbsp;Psalm 22:21 (a) GOD's power is compared to or contrasted with the power of the unicorn which perhaps was the rhinoceros. </p> <p> &nbsp;Psalm 75:4 (a) Type of the proud rich who wished to exalt their own strength and whom GOD would humble. (See &nbsp;Psalm 75:10). </p> <p> &nbsp;Psalm 89:17 (b) Type of the blessing of GOD because of which the power and excellency of Israel will one day be exalted. (See &nbsp;Psalm 89:24; &nbsp;Psalm 92:10; &nbsp;Psalm 112:9; &nbsp;Psalm 132:17). </p> <p> &nbsp;Psalm 118:27 (c) Probably this means that GOD will bind us to our decisions when we consecrate our lives to Him. </p> <p> &nbsp;Lamentations 2:3, &nbsp;Lamentations 2:17 (b) This is a type of the power of GOD to reduce the strength of Israel and to increase the power of the enemy. </p> <p> &nbsp;Jeremiah 48:25 (b) This is a picture of the power of [[Moab]] both for offense and defense, which GOD took from them and made them weak. </p> <p> &nbsp;Ezekiel 29:21 (b) This is a type in prophecy of the restoration of Israel as a world power. </p> <p> &nbsp;Ezekiel 34:21 (b) A figure of the power of the leaders of Israel who were persecuting the poor. </p> <p> &nbsp;Daniel 7:7 (b) Here and throughout this book horns are a sign of both men and nations in their power to rule or misrule. The little horns represent kings or generals, or men who rise up out of obscurity and are not well known. The big horns represent mighty kings who become world rulers, such as [[Alexander]] the Great. </p> <p> &nbsp;Daniel 8:3 (a) These two horns represent the two kings as are mentioned. </p> <p> &nbsp;Daniel 8:8 (b) This figure describes a prominent and well-known ruler. </p> <p> &nbsp;Amos 6:13 (b) A type of the great power which the people claimed they had created by their own wits and wisdom. </p> <p> &nbsp;Micah 4:13 (b) By this type GOD indicates that He will make Israel again a great and strong nation. </p> <p> &nbsp;Habakkuk 3:4 The word here is a mistranslation, and it should read "bright beams." It probably indicates that there is power in the light of GOD and in His wonderful hands of strength. </p> <p> &nbsp;Zechariah 1:18 (a) Here we see four [[Gentile]] powers which persecuted and scattered Israel. </p> <p> &nbsp;Luke 1:69 (a) This is a type of the Lord [[Jesus]] by whom and through whom sinners are saved from the wrath to come. </p> <p> &nbsp;Revelation 5:6 (a) These represent the seven-fold aspect of the [[Holy]] Spirit in His power as the seven eyes represent the seven aspects of the Spirit's knowledge. </p> <p> &nbsp;Revelation 12:3 (a) The figure represents Satan and his mighty power in controlling men. </p> <p> &nbsp;Revelation 13:1 (a) This type represents Satan's antichrist who will have power over the nations. </p> <p> &nbsp;Revelation 13:11 (a) The type in this case represents the false prophet. Because there are two horns we understand that he has power to exalt the Devil, and also to curse men. </p> <p> &nbsp;Revelation 17:3, &nbsp;Revelation 17:12 (a) These are the evil powers of the world as represented in the ten kings. </p>

<p> '''''Qeren''''' . [[Trumpets]] were perhaps at first merely horns perforated at the tip. In &nbsp;Joshua 6:4-5, instead of "trumpets of rams' horns," translated "Jubilee trumpets." Rams' horns would scarcely have been effective enough. Hajobeel, from jabal "to stream violently with noise," is the name for a long wind instrument like a horn. Used for summoning to war, or for public proclamations (&nbsp;Judges 3:27; &nbsp;Judges 7:18). The horn was also used for a flask to contain oil (&nbsp;1 Samuel 16:1); also to contain stibium or antimony to beautify the eyelashes and eyelids of women; from whence Job's daughter drew her name Keren-happuch, "horn of stibium," in contrast to Job's "horn defiled in the dust" formerly (&nbsp;Job 16:15). </p> <p> The "horn" being the instrument of the oxen's strength is the symbol of power (&nbsp;1 Kings 22:11). The "horns of the (See [[Altar]] " were simply projections from the four corners. The peak of a hill is called a horn. &nbsp;Isaiah 5:1, "a very fruitful hill" [[Hebrew]] "a horn of the son of oil," as the Swiss Shreckhorn, Wetterhorn, Celtic cairn. In &nbsp;Habakkuk 3:4, "He had horns coming out of His hand" means, He had the emblems of power wielded by His hand (L. de Dieu), or else rays" (i.e. lightnings): &nbsp;Psalms 18:8 (Maurer). So &nbsp;Exodus 34:29-30; &nbsp;Exodus 34:35, '''''Qaaran''''' , "to horn," is used in the sense to emit rays. Livingstone mentions a horn-shaped cap as worn by Africans; married Druse women wear silver horns on their heads. </p> <p> The ram with two horns (&nbsp;Daniel 8:3) represents the Medo-Persian double power. The "notable horn" of the "he goat" (&nbsp;Daniel 8:5) is Alexander the Great who on coins is represented with horns. The four horns in &nbsp;Zechariah 1:18 represent the four ruling powers of the world, to be superseded finally by Messiah's kingdom: Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece, and Rome. (On "the little horn" of the third and of the fourth world powers (&nbsp;Daniel 7:8; &nbsp;Daniel 8:9). (See [[Antichrist]] .) On [[Egyptian]] and Roman coins, and in [[Assyrian]] sculptures, are figures of gods with horns, symbolical of power. "A horn of salvation" means mighty instrument of salvation (&nbsp;Luke 1:69). </p>

<p> Old [[Testament]] The basic meaning of horns relate to animal horns (&nbsp;Genesis 22:13; &nbsp;Deuteronomy 33:17; &nbsp;Daniel 8:5 ). [[Elephant]] tusks were also called horns (&nbsp;Ezekiel 27:15 ). [[Horns]] are mentioned being used as trumpets (&nbsp;Joshua 6:5 ). Such instruments were perforated horns of the ram or the wild ox used to sound ceremonial or military signals. [[Priests]] sounded trumpets to call to worship. Trumpets later were made of silver. See Music. Horns also were used as vessels. Being hollow and easy to polish, horns were used to hold liquids for drinking or storage, including ceremonial anointing oil (&nbsp;1 Samuel 16:1 ). Horn-like projections were built onto the corners of the altar of burnt offerings in the [[Temple]] and in tabernacles (&nbsp;Exodus 27:2 ). The horns were smeared with the blood of the sacrifice, served as binding posts for the sacrifice, and were clung to for safety from punishment (&nbsp;1 Kings 2:28 ). </p> <p> As a topographical feature, the peaks or summits of Palestinian hills were called horns (&nbsp;Isaiah 51:1 ). Metaphorically, horn signified the strength and honor of people and brightness and rays. Such references are used in [[Scripture]] as emblems of power of God (&nbsp;Hebrews 3:4 ) and other physical or spiritual entities. There is an apocalyptic use of the word in &nbsp;Daniel 7:7 . Horns budding or sprouting is a figurative language indication of a sign of revival of a nation or power. </p> <p> New Testament Christ is called “an horn of salvation” (&nbsp;Luke 1:69 ), which is a methaphorical use of the word signifying strength. Other figurative uses include the Lamb with seven horns mentioned in the Book of Revelation (&nbsp;Revelation 5:6 ); the beast with ten horns rising up out of the sea (&nbsp;Revelation 13:1 ); and the scarlet beast of the great prostitute also having ten horns (&nbsp;Revelation 17:3 ,Revelation 17:3,&nbsp;17:7 ). Those references represent antichristian powers. </p> <p> J. [[William]] Thompson </p>

<p> By horns the Hebrews sometimes understood an eminence, or angle, a corner, or a rising. By horns of the altar of burnt offerings, many understand the angles of that altar; but there were also horns, or eminences, at the corners of that altar, &nbsp;Exodus 27:2; &nbsp;Exodus 30:2 . [[Horn]] also signifies glory, brightness, rays. God's "brightness was as the light, he had horns coming out of his hand," &nbsp;Habakkuk 3:4; that is refulgent beams issuing from the hollow of it. As the ancients frequently used horns to hold liquors, vessels containing oil and perfumes are often called horns, whether made of horn or not. "Fill thine horn with oil," says the Lord to Samuel, "and anoint David," &nbsp;1 Samuel 16:1 . [[Zadok]] took a horn of oil out of the tabernacle, and anointed Solomon, &nbsp;1 Kings 1:39 . Job called one of his daughters Kerenhappuch, horn of antimony, or horn to put antimony ( <em> stibium </em> ) in, which the women of the east still use at this day, Job 43:14. The principal defence and strength of horned beasts consist in their horns; and hence the Scripture mentions the horn as a symbol of strength. The Lord exalted the horn of David, the horn of his people; he breaketh the horn of the ungodly; he cutteth off the horn of Moab; he cutteth off the horn of Israel; he promiseth to make the horn of Israel to bud forth; to reestablish the honour of it, and restore its former vigour. Moses compares [[Joseph]] to a young bull, and says that he has horns like those of a unicorn. Kingdoms and great powers are often in Scripture described by the symbol of horns. In Daniel 7, 8, horns represent the power of the Persians, of the Greeks, of Syria, of Egypt, or of [[Pagan]] and Papal Rome. The prophet represents three animals as having many horns, one of which grew from the other. This emblem is a natural one, since in the east are rams which have many horns. </p>

<p> [[Horn, Horns]]  </p> <p> This word in Scripture doth not seem to be very generally understood. [[Certainly]] it is more than once spoken of in reference to the Lord Jesus Christ. Thus [[Jehovah]] saith, "I will make the horn of David to flourish," meaning Christ. (See &nbsp;Psalms 132:17) And Zacharias celebrates Christ to the same amount in his song, when saying, "the Lord hath raised up an horn for salvation for us, in the house of his servant David." (&nbsp;Luke 1:69) But when it is said, that the Lord "will cut off the horns of the wicked, and the horns of the righteous shall be exalted," (&nbsp;Psalms 75:10) here it appears, that the expression is in allusion to somewhat of a man's own, and not simply with an eye to Christ. Perhaps the word may be considered as referring in general to strength. Thus the son of "Chenaanah made him horns of iron, and said, with these shalt thou push the Syrians." (&nbsp;1 Kings 22:11) And, indeed, the prophet describes the Lord as having "horns coming out of his hand, when before him went the pestilence." (&nbsp;Habakkuk 3:4) Hence also we read of the horns of the altar. (&nbsp;Jeremiah 17:1; &nbsp;Revelation 9:13) But whether these had reference to any thing ornamental, or to objects more important, when "the sacrifice was bound with cords even to the horns of the altar," I cannot determine. (&nbsp;Psalms 118:27) </p>

<div> '''1: '''''Κέρας''''' ''' (Strong'S #2768 — Noun Neuter — keras — ker'-as ) </div> <p> "a horn," is used in the plural, as the symbol of strength, (a) in the apocalyptic visions; (1) on the head of the Lamb as symbolic of Christ, &nbsp;Revelation 5:6; (2) on the heads of beasts as symbolic of national potentates, &nbsp;Revelation 12:3; &nbsp;13:1,11; &nbsp;17:3,7,12,16 (cp. &nbsp; Daniel 7:8; &nbsp;8:9; &nbsp;Zechariah 1:18 , etc.); (3) at the corners of the golden altar, &nbsp;Revelation 9:13 (cp. &nbsp; Exodus 30:2; the horns were of one piece with the altar, as in the case of the brazen altar, &nbsp;Exodus 27:2 , and were emblematic of the efficacy of the ministry connected with it); (b) metaphorically, in the singular, "a horn of salvation," &nbsp;Luke 1:69 (a frequent metaphor in the OT, e.g., &nbsp; Psalm 18:2; cp. &nbsp;1—Samuel 2:10; &nbsp;Lamentations 2:3 ). </p>

<p> Of animals were used as drinking vessels, and to hold ointments, perfumes, etc., &nbsp;1 Samuel 16:1 &nbsp; 1 Kings 1:39 . The "horns of the altar" were its four corners and elevation on them, &nbsp;Exodus 27:2 &nbsp; 30:2 . See Altar . </p> <p> The principal defense and ornament of many beasts are in their horns; and hence the horn is often a symbol of strength, honor, and dominion. The Lord exalted the horn of David, and of his people; he breaketh the horn of salvation, and of defiling the horn in the dust, &nbsp;Deuteronomy 33:17 &nbsp; 1 Samuel 2:1,10 &nbsp; Job 16:15 &nbsp; Psalm 75:10 &nbsp; Daniel 7:20-24 &nbsp; Luke 1:69 . There may be an allusion in these passages to a very common part of the female dress in some parts of the East. The married women among the [[Druses]] of mount [[Lebanon]] still wear on their heads silver horns, as in the accompanying cut; the other head is that of an Abyssinian chief. </p>

<p> '''Horn.''' The word "horn" is often ''Used Metaphorically To [[Signify]] Strength And Honor, '' because horns are the chief weapons and ornaments of the animals which possess them; hence, they are also used as a type of victory. Of [[Strength]] , the horn of the unicorn was the most frequent representative, &nbsp;Deuteronomy 33:17; etc., but not always; compare &nbsp;1 Kings 22:11 where probably horns of iron, worn defiantly and symbolically on the head, are intended. </p> <p> Among the Druses, upon Mount Lebanon, the married women wear silver horns on their heads. In the sense of [[Honor]] , the word horn stands for the ''Abstract'' "my horn," &nbsp;Job 16:16, "all the horn of Israel," &nbsp;1 Samuel 2:3, and so for the supreme authority. It also stands for the ''Concrete'' , whence, it comes to mean king, kingdom. &nbsp;Daniel 8:2 etc.; &nbsp;Zechariah 1:18. Out of either or both of these last two metaphors, sprang the idea of representing gods with horns. </p>

<p> '''Horn.''' The word "horn" is often used to signify power and honor. Of ''Strength,'' the horn of the unicorn, R. V. "wild ox," was the most frequent representative. &nbsp;Deuteronomy 33:17, etc., but not always; comp. &nbsp;1 Kings 22:11, where probably horns of iron, worn defiantly and symbolically on the head, are intended. Among the Druses upon Mount Lebanon the married women wear silver horns on their heads. In the sense of [[Honor]] , as "my horn," &nbsp;Job 16:15; "all the horn of Israel," &nbsp;Lamentations 2:3—and hence for the supreme authority. It also stands for honor or power, whence it comes to mean king, kingdom. &nbsp;Daniel 8:3, etc.; &nbsp;Zechariah 1:18. It was also a symbol of victory. &nbsp;1 Kings 22:11; &nbsp;Revelation 5:6. </p>

<p> ''''' hôrn ''''' (Hebrew and [[Aramaic]] קרן , <i> ''''' ḳeren ''''' </i> ; κέρας , <i> ''''' kéras ''''' </i> ; for the "ram's horn" ( יובל , <i> ''''' yōbhēl ''''' </i> ) of &nbsp; Joshua 6 see [[Music]] , and for the "inkhorn" of &nbsp;Ezekiel 9:1-11 ( קסת , <i> ''''' ḳeṣeth ''''' </i> ) see separate article): </p> <p> (1) <i> ''''' Ḳeren ''''' </i> and <i> ''''' keras ''''' </i> represent the English "horn" exactly, whether on the animal (&nbsp; [[Genesis]] 22:13 ), or used for musical purposes (&nbsp;Joshua 6:5; &nbsp;1 Chronicles 25:5 ), or for containing a liquid (&nbsp;1 Samuel 16:1 , &nbsp;1 Samuel 16:13; &nbsp;1 Kings 1:39 ), but in &nbsp;Ezekiel 27:15 the horns of ivory are of course tusks and the "horns" of ebony are small (pointed?) logs. Consequently most of the usages require no explanation. </p> <p> (2) Both the altar of burnt offering (&nbsp;Exodus 27:2; &nbsp;Exodus 38:2; compare &nbsp;Ezekiel 43:15 ) and the incense altar (&nbsp;Exodus 30:2; &nbsp;Exodus 37:25 , &nbsp;Exodus 37:26; compare &nbsp;Revelation 9:13 ) had "horns," which are explained to be projections "of one piece with" the wooden framework and covered with the brass (or gold) that covered the altar. They formed the most sacred part of the altar and were anointed with the blood of the most solemn sacrifices (only) (&nbsp;Exodus 30:10; &nbsp;Leviticus 4:7 , &nbsp;Leviticus 4:18 , &nbsp;Leviticus 4:25 , &nbsp;Leviticus 4:30 , &nbsp;Leviticus 4:34; &nbsp;Leviticus 16:18; compare &nbsp;Ezekiel 43:20 ), and according to &nbsp;Leviticus 8:15; &nbsp;Leviticus 9:9 , the first official sacrifices began by anointing them. Consequently cutting off the horns effectually desecrated the altar (&nbsp;Amos 3:14 ), while "sin graven on them" (&nbsp;Jeremiah 17:1 ) took all efficacy from the sacrifice. On the other hand they offered the highest sanctuary (&nbsp;1 Kings 1:50 , &nbsp;1 Kings 1:51; &nbsp;1 Kings 2:28 ). Of their symbolism nothing whatever is said, and the eventual origin is quite obscure. "Remnants of a bull-cult" and "miniature sacred towers" have been suggested, but are wholly uncertain. A more likely origin is from an old custom of draping the altar with skins of sacrificed animals ( <i> RS </i> , 436). That, however, the "horns" were mere conveniences for binding the sacrificial animals (&nbsp;Psalm 118:27 , a custom referred to nowhere else in the Old Testament), is most unlikely. See Altar . </p> <p> (3) The common figurative use of "horn" is taken from the image of battling animals (literal use in &nbsp; Daniel 8:7 , etc.) to denote aggressive strength. So [[Zedekiah]] ben [[Chenaanah]] illustrates the predicted defeat of the enemies by pushing with iron horns (&nbsp;1 Kings 22:11; &nbsp;2 Chronicles 18:10 ), while "horns of the wildox" (&nbsp;Deuteronomy 33:17; &nbsp;Psalm 22:21; &nbsp;Psalm 92:10 , the King James Version "unicorn") represent the magnitude of power, and in &nbsp;Zechariah 1:18-21 "horns" stand for power in general. In &nbsp; Habakkuk 3:4 the "horns coming out of his hand" denote the potency of Yahweh's gesture (the Revised Version (British and American) "rays" may be smoother, but is weak). So to "exalt the horn" (&nbsp; 1 Samuel 2:1 , &nbsp;1 Samuel 2:10; &nbsp;Psalm 75:4 , etc.) is to clothe with strength, and to "cut off the horn" (not to be explained by &nbsp;Amos 3:14 ) is to rob of power (&nbsp;Psalm 75:10; &nbsp;Jeremiah 48:25 ). Hence, the "horn of salvation" in &nbsp;2 Samuel 22:3; &nbsp;Psalm 18:2; &nbsp;Luke 1:69 is a means of active defense and not a place of sanctuary as in &nbsp; 1 Kings 1:50 . When, in Dan 7:7-24; &nbsp;Daniel 8:3 , &nbsp;Daniel 8:8 , &nbsp;Daniel 8:9 , &nbsp;Daniel 8:20 , &nbsp;Daniel 8:21; &nbsp;Revelation 13:1; &nbsp;Revelation 17:3 , &nbsp;Revelation 17:7 , &nbsp;Revelation 17:12 , &nbsp;Revelation 17:16 , many horns are given to the same animal, they figure successive nations or rulers. But the seven horns in &nbsp;Revelation 5:6; &nbsp;Revelation 12:3 denote the completeness of the malevolent or righteous power. In &nbsp; Revelation 13:11 , however, the two horns point only to the external imitation of the harmless lamb, the "horns" being mere stubs. </p>

<p> '''Bibliography Information''' McClintock, John. Strong, James. Entry for 'Horn'. Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and [[Ecclesiastical]] Literature. https://www.studylight.org/encyclopedias/eng/tce/h/horn.html. [[Harper]] & Brothers. New York. 1870. </p>