Difference between revisions of "Arphaxad"

<p> '''Arphax'ad.''' (stronghold of the Chaldees). </p> <p> 1. The son of Shem and ancestor of Eber. &nbsp;Genesis 10:22; &nbsp;Genesis 10:24; &nbsp;Genesis 11:10. </p> <p> 2. Arphaxad, a king "who reigned over the [[Medes]] in Ecbatana," &nbsp;Judith 1:1-4; perhaps the same as Phraortes, who fell in a battle with the Assyrians, 633 B.C. </p>

<p> Son of Shem, born two years after the flood, from whom [[Abraham]] descended. &nbsp;Genesis 10:22,24; &nbsp;Genesis 11:10-13; &nbsp;1 Chronicles 1:17,18,24 . Stated as the father of [[Cainan]] in &nbsp;Luke 3:36 . See CAINAN. </p>

<p> (Heb. Arpakshad', אִרְפִּכְשִׁד [on the signif. see below]; Sept. and N.T. Ἀρφαξάδ, [[Josephus]] Ἀρφαξάδης ), the name of two men. </p> <p> '''1.''' The first postdiluvian patriarch, son of Shem, and father of Salah; born one year after the end of the Deluge, and died B.C. 2075, at the age of 438 years (&nbsp;Genesis 11:10-13; &nbsp;1 Chronicles 1:17-18; &nbsp;Luke 3:36). From &nbsp;Genesis 10:22; &nbsp;Genesis 10:24, it appears that the region settled by this patriarch's descendants likewise took his name. The conjecture of Bochart (Pkaleg, ii, 4) has been adopted by several others (Michaelis, Suppl. p. 129; Orient. Bibl. 17:77 sq.; Mannert, v, 439), that it is the province Arrhapachitis (Ἀῤῥαπαχῖτις ), in northern Assyria, near [[Armenia]] (Ptol. 6:1), the primitive country of the Chaldaeans (Josephus, Ant. i, 6, 4; comp. Syncell. Chronicles p. 46), whose national title (כִּשְׂדִּים, Kasdin) appears to form the latter part of the name Arphaxad (כְּשִׂד ); the first part being referred by Michaelis (Spicileg. i, 73 sq.) to an Arabic root signifying boundary (q. d. "border of the Chaldaeans"), but with as little felicity (see Tuch, [[Genesis]] p. 256) as the derivation by Ewald (Isr. Gesch. i, 333) from another Arabic root signifying to bind (q. d. "fortress of the Chaldaeans"). (See Gesenius, Commentar ub. Jesa. 23:13; and comp. Niebuhr, Gesch. Assur's, p. 414, note.) Bohlen (Genesis in loc.), with even less probability, compares the Sanscrit Arjapakshata " (a land) by the side of Asia;" comp. Porussia, i. q. Po-rus, i.e. near the Russians. (See Schlozer in the Repert. f. bibl. Lit. 8:137; Lengerke, Kenaan, i, 211; Knobel, Volkertofel d. Genesis, Giess. 1850.) </p> <p> '''2.''' A king of Media at Ecbatana, which city he had fortified during an open campaign and siege'by his contemporary [[Nebuchadnezzar]] (Judith i, 1 sq.). From the connection of his name with [[Ecbatana]] he has been frequently identified with Deioces (Ctes. "Artaeus"), the founder of Ecbatana (Herod. i, 98); but as Deioces died peaceably (Herod. i, 102), it seems better to look for the original of Arphaxad in his son Phraortes (Ctes. "Artynes"), who greatly extended the [[Median]] empire, and at last fell in a battle with the Assyrians, B.C. 633 (Herod. i, 102). But this would disagree with the date and circumstances of Nebuchadnezzar; moreover, the half-fabulous book of [[Judith]] abounds with statements respecting the Median kings scarcely reconcilable with genuine history. (See [[Media]]); (See [[Judith]]). Niebuhr (Gesch. Assur's, p. 32) endeavors to identify the name with "Astyages" =Ashdahak, the common title of the Median dynasty, and refers the events to a war in the twelfth year of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, B.C. 592 (Ibid. p. 212, 285). (See [[Nebuchadnezzar]]). </p>

<p> '''''ar''''' -'''''fak´sad''''' : (1) The King James Version form (&nbsp;Genesis 10:22 , &nbsp;Genesis 10:24; &nbsp;Genesis 11:12 , &nbsp;Genesis 11:13; &nbsp;1 Chronicles 1:17 ) of the Revised Version (British and American) [[Arpachshad]] . See also [[Table Of Nations]] . (2) In [[Apocrypha]] (Judith 1) a king of the Medes, who reigned in Ecbatana. He was defeated and slain by Nebuchadrezzar. </p>