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Difference between revisions of "Parchment"
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== King James Dictionary <ref name="term_62002" /> == | == King James Dictionary <ref name="term_62002" /> == | ||
<p> | <p> P`ARCHMENT, L. pergamena purgo The skin of a sheep or goat dressed or prepared and rendered fit for writing on. This is done by separating all the flesh and hair, rubbing the skin with pumice stone, and reducing its thickness with a sharp instrument. Vellum is made of the skins of abortive or very young calves. </p> | ||
== Webster's Dictionary <ref name="term_153751" /> == | == Webster's Dictionary <ref name="term_153751" /> == | ||
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== Morrish Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_68138" /> == | == Morrish Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_68138" /> == | ||
<p> | <p> A thin skin prepared for receiving writing. It is much more durable than papyrus. The great majority of the early copies of the scriptures that are extant are on parchment and have thus been preserved to us. 2 Timothy 4:13 . </p> | ||
== Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_74379" /> == | == Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_74379" /> == | ||
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== Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_53365" /> == | == Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_53365" /> == | ||
<p> <strong> | <p> <strong> PARCHMENT. </strong> See Peroamum, Writing, § <strong> 6 </strong> . </p> | ||
== Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament <ref name="term_56910" /> == | == Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament <ref name="term_56910" /> == | ||
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== Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_43135" /> == | == Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_43135" /> == | ||
Writing | |||
== American Tract Society Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_16867" /> == | == American Tract Society Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_16867" /> == | ||
<p> See | <p> See BOOK. </p> | ||
== Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_54490" /> == | == Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_54490" /> == | ||
<p> is the rendering in the | <p> is the rendering in the A.V. at 2 Timothy 4:13 of the Greek μεμβράνα, a skin, from which the English membrane is derived. The apostle Paul in this passage directs Timothy to bring with him to Rome, whither he charges him to repair speedily, certain things, "but especially the parchments;" what these parchments were to which so much importance seems to be attached can only at this time be matter of conjecture. </p> <p> [[Parchment]] is prepared from the skins of animals, generally sheep, in an untanned state. It "is one of the oldest inventions of writing materials, and was known at least as early as 500 years B.C. [[Herodotus]] speaks of books written upon skins in his time. Pliny, without good grounds, places the invention as late as 196 B.C., stating that it was made at [[Pergamos]] (hence the name Pergamea, corrupted into English parchment) in the reign of Eumenius II, in consequence of [[Ptolemy]] of Egypt having prohibited the exportation of papyrus. Possibly the Pergamian invention was an improvement in the preparation of skins, which had certainly been used centuries before. The manufacture rose to great importance in Rome about a century B.C., and parchment soon became the chief material for writing on; and its use spread all over Europe, and retained its pre-eminence until the invention of paper from rags, which from its great durability proved a fortunate circumstance for literature" (Chambers). Parchment is now rarely used except for literary diplomas and such documents as are destined for special permanence. (See Writing). </p> | ||
== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_7195" /> == | == International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_7195" /> == | ||
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== Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature <ref name="term_16400" /> == | == Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature <ref name="term_16400" /> == | ||
<p> [ | <p> [WRITING] </p> | ||
==References == | ==References == | ||
