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== Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament <ref name="term_56028" /> == | |||
<p> It is not proposed to embrace in this article all the words which our English versions render by ‘glory’; it is confined to the most important of these-δόξα. </p> <p> As applied to men and things, δόξα has two principal meanings: (1) honour, praise, good repute ( 2 Corinthians 6:8, 1 Thessalonians 2:6); (2) that which by exciting admiration brings honour or renown; a natural perfection ( 1 Peter 1:24 : ‘the glory of flesh’; 1 Corinthians 15:40-41 : ‘glory of the celestial … the terrestrial,’ etc.; 1 Corinthians 11:15 : ‘l long hair is a glory to a woman’); or a circumstance which reflects glory upon one ( 1 Thessalonians 2:20 : St. Paul’s converts are a ‘glory’ to him; Ephesians 3:13 : St. Paul’s sufferings are a ‘glory’ to his converts; 2 Corinthians 8:23 : worthy [[Christians]] are the ‘glory’ of Christ; Revelation 21:24-25 : the kings of the earth and the nations bring their ‘glory’ into the New Jerusalem. Cf. Haggai 2:7-9). </p> <p> Minor significations are ( <i> a </i> ) that which is falsely regarded as bringing honour to oneself ( Philippians 3:19), and ( <i> b </i> ) persons endued with glory ( Judges 1:8, 2 Peter 2:10 = ‘dignities’ in both Authorized Versionand Revised Version, the reference probably being to angelic powers). </p> <p> In the numerous and important passages where the idea of ‘glory’ is associated with God and the heavenly world, with Christ, Christians, and the [[Christian]] life here and hereafter, we find the same two principal meanings. There is the glory which belongs to the [[Divine]] Being in itself, in which God manifests Himself to His creatures, so far as such manifestation is possible, and the glory which He receives back from His creatures; the outshining ( <i> Erscheinungsform </i> ) of the Divine nature, and the reflexion of that outshining in the trust, adoration, and thanksgiving of men and angels, as also in the silent testimony of His works, find especially by the results of the Divine redemption in the character and destiny of the redeemed. </p> <p> <b> [[I.]] </b> </p> <p> <b> 1. The glory which is native to the Being of God </b> .-To the modern mind the chief difficulty of this conception, as presented in the [[Nt,]] is due to that fusion in it of the physical, the rational, and the ethical, which is characteristic of biblical psychology throughout. In biblical thought these elements are conceived not abstractly, as if constituting separate spheres of being, but as they are given in experience, as inter-dependent and integral to the unity of life. Thus, whatever ethical content comes to be associated with the Glory of God, the basis of the conception is physical-the splendour which is Inseparable from the Divine [[Presence]] in the celestial world. In the [[Ot,]] when [[Jahweh]] lifts the veil that hides Him from mortal eyes, the medium of theophany is always Light, a supra-mundane but actually visible radiance (which is localized and assumes a definite uniformity in the Shekinah-glory). </p> <p> For later Judaistic developments, see Weber’s <i> Jüdische Theologie </i> , pp. 162ff., 275ff. In apocalyptic the ‘glory’ is definitely associated with the sovereignty of God in the heavenly world ( <i> 1 En </i> . xxv. 3), and is especially connected with the Divine [[Throne]] ( <i> ib. </i> ix. 4, xiv. 20). In the <i> [[Ascension]] of Isaiah </i> (x. 16, xi. 32) it is equivalent to the Person of God; God is ἠ μεγάλη δόξα. δόξα in this sense of ‘radiance’ is unknown to ordinary Greek literature. Deissmann’s suggestion, that this may have been an ancient meaning which survived in the vernacular and so passed into the dialect of the Septuagint, seems more probable than Reitzenstein’s, who, on the ground of certain magical papyri, claims for it an origin in Egyptian-Hellenistic mysticism. </p> <p> In the [[Nt]] the same idea lies behind the use of the concept δόξα. Wherever the celestial world is projected into the terrestrial, it is in a radiance of supernatural light ( Matthew 17:5, Acts 26:13, Matthew 28:3, Acts 12:7, etc.); and this is ultimately the radiance that emanates from the presence of God, who dwells in ‘light unapproachable’ ( 1 Timothy 6:16). To this the term δόξα is frequently applied-at [[Bethlehem]] ( Luke 2:9), and at the [[Transfiguration]] ( 2 Peter 1:17); the ‘glory’ of God is the light of the New Jerusalem; [[Stephen]] looking up saw the ‘glory of God’ ( Acts 7:55); and the redeemed are at last presented faultless before the presence of His glory ( Judges 1:24; Jude cf.1 <i> En </i> . xxxix. 12). </p> <p> With St. Paul the conception is less pictorial; the rational and ethical elements implicit in it come clearly into view. With him also the δόξα is fundamentally associated with the idea of celestial splendour, to which, indeed, his vision of the glorified Christ gave a new and vivid reality; but the idea of revelation, of the Glory as God’s self-manifestation, becomes prominent. St. Paul’s thought does not rest in the symbol, but passes to the reality which it signifies-the transcendent majesty and sovereignty that belong to God as God; and for St. Paul the most sovereign thing in God, divinest in the Divine, is the sacrificial sin-bearing love revealed in the Cross. God’s glory is displayed in His mercy ( Romans 9:23), in the ‘grace which he freely bestowed upon us in the Beloved’ ( Ephesians 1:6); its perfect living reflexion is in the face of Jesus Christ ( 2 Corinthians 4:6). Yet it is the glory, not of an ethical ideal, but of the Living God, God upon the Throne, self-existent, supreme over all being. It is especially associated with the Divine κράτος ( Colossians 1:11, Ephesians 3:16) and πλοῦτος ( Romans 9:23, Philippians 4:19, Ephesians 3:16) by which the [[Apostle]] expresses the irresistible sovereign power and the inexhaustible fullness of God in His heavenly dominion. [[Believers]] are ‘strengthened with all power, according to the κρἁτος of his glory,’ <i> i.e. </i> in a measure corresponding with the illimitable spiritual power signified by the glory which manifests the Divine King in His supra-mundane Kingdom. Every need of believers is supplied ‘according to his riches in glory, in Christ Jesus’ ( Philippians 4:19), <i> i.e. </i> according to the boundless resources which belong to God as Sovereign of the spiritual universe, and are made available through Christ as Mediator. Christ is raised from the dead through ‘the glory of the Father’ ( Romans 6:4). The precise sense of this expression has not yet been elucidated (in <i> Pss.-Sol </i> . 11:9 there is what seems to be a parallel to it: ἀναστήσαι Κύριος τὸν Ἰσραὴλ ἑν ὀνόματι τῆς δόξης αὐτον), but it would seem that the ‘glory of the Father’ is practically equivalent to the κράτος, the sovereign act of Him who is the ‘Father of glory’ ( Ephesians 1:17). To formulate is hazardous; but perhaps we may say that for St. Paul the δόξα is the self-revelation of the transcendent God, given through Christ, here to faith, in the heavenly world to that more direct mode of perception which we try to express by saying that faith is changed to sight. </p> <p> <b> 2. The Divine glory as communicated </b> .-( <i> a </i> ) As originally given to man, it has been lost ( Romans 3:23). </p> <p> According to Rabbinic doctrine, when Adam was created in the image of God, a ray (זַיו) of the Divine glory shone upon his countenance, but among the six things lost by the Fall was the זַיו, which went back to heaven (Weber, <i> Jüdische Theologie </i> , p. 222). At [[Sinai]] the זַיו was restored to the children of Israel, but was immediately lost again by their unfaithfulness ( <i> ib. </i> p. 275). There can be little doubt that this pictorial rendering or spiritual truth lies behind the Apostle’s peculiar mode of expressing the fact of man’s universal failure to represent the Divine ideal (see Sanday-Headlam <i> in loc. </i> ). The same allusion may possibly serve to explain the obscure passage, 1 Corinthians 11:7. </p> <p> ( <i> b </i> ) But the departed glory is more than restored in Christ, the second Adam, to whom as the Image of God it belongs ( 2 Corinthians 4:4), who is the Lord of Glory ( 1 Corinthians 2:8), and in whose face it shines forth in the darkened hearts of men, as at the [[Creation]] light first shone upon the face of the earth ( 2 Corinthians 4:6). Here the conception is emphatically ethical; it is above all the glory of Divine character that shines from the face of Christ and in the hearts of believers. Yet here again the glory is not that of an ethical ideal merely; it is the full, indivisible glory of the Living God of which Christ is the effulgence (ἀπαύγασμα [ Hebrews 1:3]). </p> <p> ( <i> c </i> ) By Christ as [[Mediator]] the Divine glory is communicated, not only to believers, but to every agency by which He acts: the Spirit ( 1 Peter 4:14, Ephesians 3:16), the gospel ( 2 Corinthians 4:4, 1 Timothy 1:11), the ‘mystery’-God’s long-hidden secret, now revealed, the eternal salvation of men by Christ ( Colossians 1:27). The whole Christian dispensation is characterized by ‘glory’ ( 2 Corinthians 3:7-18). As the inferior and temporary nature of the old dispensation is typified in the veiled and fading splendour of Moses, its mediator, the perfection and permanence of the new are witnessed in the unveiled and eternal glory of Christ, which is reflected partly here, more fully hereafter, on His people (a merely figurative interpretation is excluded by the very terms εἰκών and δόξα). Their transfiguration is in process-already the ‘Spirit of glory and the Spirit of God’ rests upon them ( 1 Peter 4:14); at His appearing it will be consummated ( Philippians 3:21, John 3:3). </p> <p> ( <i> d </i> ) In the majority of cases in which ‘glory’ is predicated of Christ, of Christians, and of the environment of their life, the sense is distinctly eschatological. The sufferings of Christ are contrasted with their after-glories ( 1 Peter 1:11; 1 Peter 1:21); also those of believers ( 1 Peter 4:13, 2 Thessalonians 2:14, Philippians 3:21). As already in [[Jewish]] eschatology, δόξα is a technical term for the state of final salvation, the [[Heavenly]] Messianic [[Kingdom]] in which Christ now lives and which is to be brought to men by His Parousia. This is the ‘coming glory’ ( Romans 8:18), ‘about to be revealed’ ( 1 Peter 5:1), the ‘inheritance of God in his saints’ ( Ephesians 1:18) unto which they are prepared beforehand ( Romans 9:23), called ( 1 Peter 5:10), led by Christ ( Hebrews 2:10); it is their unwithering crown ( 1 Peter 5:11), the manifestation of their true nature ( Colossians 3:4), their emancipation from all evil limitations ( Romans 8:21); in the hope of it they rejoice ( Romans 5:2); for it they are made meet by the indwelling of Christ ( Colossians 1:27) and by the discipline of the present ( 2 Corinthians 4:17). </p> <p> II.-The second chief sense in which ‘glory’ is predicated of God or Christ is that which may be termed <i> ascriptional </i> in contrast with essential. Passing over the strictly doxological passages, we note that ‘glory’ is given to God (or to Christ) ( <i> a </i> ) by the character or conduct of men: by the strength of their trust ( Romans 4:20), in eating, drinking, and all that they do ( 1 Corinthians 10:31), by thanksgiving ( 2 Corinthians 4:15), brotherly charity ( 2 Corinthians 8:19), the fruits of righteousness ( Philippians 1:11), repentance and confession of sin ( Revelation 16:9); ( <i> b </i> ) by the results of God’s own saving work, the [[Exaltation]] of Christ ( Philippians 2:11), the faithful fulfilment of His promises in Christ ( 2 Corinthians 1:20), the reception of both [[Jews]] and [[Gentiles]] into the Church ( Romans 15:7), the predestination of believers to the adoption of children ( Ephesians 1:6), the whole accomplishment of that predestination, by faith, the sealing of the Spirit, and final redemption ( Ephesians 1:14), by the marriage of the Lamb, the final and eternal union of Christ with the redeemed, sanctified, and glorified Church. ( Revelation 19:7). </p> <p> Literature.-There is, so far us known to the present writer, no satisfactory monograph on the subject, either in English or in German. [[W.]] Caspari, <i> Die Bedeutungen der Wortsippe </i> כבד <i> im Hebräischen </i> , Leipzig, 1908, is not without value for the student of the [[Nt.]] [[H.]] [[A.]] [[A.]] Kennedy, <i> St. Paul’s [[Conception]] of the Last Things </i> , London, 1904; [[P.]] Volz, <i> Jüdische Eschatologie </i> , Tübingen, 1903; [[F.]] Weber, <i> Jüdische Theologie </i> 2. Leipzig, 1897; [[B.]] Weiss, <i> Bibl. Theol. of [[Nt]] </i> , Eng. translation3, Edinburgh, 1882-83, i. 396, ii. 187; [[O.]] Pfleiderer, <i> Paulinism </i> , Eng. translation, London, 1877, i. 135. Commentaries: Sanday-Headlam (51902), and Godet (1886-87) on <i> Romans </i> ; Erich Haupt, <i> Die Gefangenschaftsbriefe </i> 7, in Meyer’s <i> Krit.-Exeget. Kommentar </i> , 1902; [[J.]] [[B.]] Mayor On <i> James </i> (31910), <i> Jude </i> , and <i> Second Peter </i> (1907); articles ‘Glory’ in <i> Hasting's Dictionary of the Bible (5 vols) </i> . </p> <p> [[Robert]] Law. </p> | |||
== Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_51128" /> == | |||
<p> <strong> [[Glory]] </strong> (in [[Ot).]] The first use of this word is to express the exalted honour or praise paid either to things, or to man, or to God. From that it passes to denote the dignity or wealth, whether material or spiritual, that calls forth such honour. [[Thence]] it has come to mean, in the [[Ot]] especially, the majesty and splendour that attend the revelation of the power or character of God. The principal Heb. word ( <em> kâbôd </em> ) for ‘glory’ is derived from a root denoting <em> heaviness </em> . The root may be seen in Isaiah 1:4 , ‘a people <em> heavy with the burden of </em> iniquity.’ For its derived use, cf. ‘loaded with honours,’ ‘weight of glory.’ [[A]] few illustrations of each of these uses may be given. </p> <p> 1. It is only necessary to mention the constantly recurring phrase ‘ <em> glory </em> to God’ ( Joshua 7:16 , Psalms 29:1 etc.). As applying to man may be quoted, ‘the wise shall inherit <em> glory </em> ’ ( Proverbs 3:35 ). </p> <p> 2. Phrases such as ‘the <em> glory </em> of Lebanon’ ( Isaiah 35:2 ), <em> i.e. </em> the cedars; ‘of his house’ ( Psalms 49:16 ), <em> i.e. </em> his material possessions; ‘the <em> glory </em> and honour of the nations’ ( Revelation 21:26 ), parallel with ‘the wealth of the nations’ in Isaiah 60:11 , may be quoted here. ‘My <em> glory </em> ’ ( [[Genesis]] 49:6 , Psalms 16:9; Psalms 30:12; Psalms 57:8 etc.) is used as synonymous with ‘soul,’ and denotes the noblest part of man; cf. also Psalms 8:5 . [[Jehovah]] is called ‘the glory’ of [[Israel]] as the proudest possession of His people ( Jeremiah 2:11; cf. 1 Samuel 4:21-22 , Luke 2:32 ). With reference to God may be named Psalms 19:1 , His wisdom and strength; and Psalms 63:2 , the worthiness of His moral government. </p> <p> 3. Two uses of the expression ‘the glory of Jehovah’ are to be noted. ( <em> a </em> ) <em> The manifestation of His glory in the self-revelation of His character and being, e.g </em> . Isaiah 6:3 . Here ‘glory’ is the showing forth of God’s holiness. For God’s glory manifested in history and in the control of the nations, see Numbers 14:22 , Ezekiel 39:21; in nature, Psalms 29:3; Psalms 29:6; Psalms 104:31 . ( <em> b </em> ) <em> [[A]] physical manifestation of the Divine Presence </em> . This is especially notable in Ezekiel, <em> e.g. </em> Ezekiel 1:28 , where the glory is bright like the rainbow. In the [[P]] [Note: Priestly Narrative.] sections of the [[Pentateuch]] such representations are frequent (see Exodus 24:16-18 , Leviticus 9:8 etc.). [[A]] passage combining these two conceptions is the story of the theophany to Moses ( Exodus 33:17-23; Exodus 34:6-7 ). Here the visible glory, the brightness of Jehovah’s face, may not be seen. The spiritual glory is revealed in the proclamation of the name of Jehovah, full of compassion and gracious. </p> <p> Wilfrid [[J.]] Moulton. </p> <p> <strong> [[Glory]] </strong> (in Apocr. [Note: Apocrypha, Apocryphal.] and [[Nt).]] Except in 1 Peter 2:20 (where it means renown), ‘glory,’ as a noun, is always the translation of Gr. <em> doxa </em> . This word, coming from a root meaning ‘to seem,’ might signify outward appearance only, or, in a secondary sense, opinion. This use is not found in the Biblical writings, but the derived classical use favourable opinion or reputation, and hence exalted honour or, as applied to things, splendour, is very common ( Wis 8:10 , Romans 2:7-10 , Bar 2:17 , John 9:24 , Sir 43:1; Sir 50:7 ). The special [[Lxx]] [Note: Septuagint.] use of ‘glory’ for the physical or ethical manifestation of the greatness of God is also frequent. In [[Av]] [Note: Authorized Version.] of [[Nt]] <em> doxa </em> is occasionally translated ‘honour’ ( <em> e.g. </em> John 5:41 , 2 Corinthians 6:8 etc.); in [[Apocrypha]] sometimes ‘honour’ 1E Esther 8:4 etc.), and a few times ‘pomp’ ( 1Ma 10:86; 1Ma 11:6 etc.), or ‘majesty’ (Ad. Est 15:7); otherwise it is uniformly rendered ‘glory.’ As a verb, ‘glory’ in the sense of boast (Gr. <em> kauchaomai </em> ) is frequently found ( Sir 11:4 , 1 Corinthians 1:29 ). </p> <p> [[A]] few examples of the use of ‘glory’ to denote the brightness of goodness may be given. In Bar 5:4 is the striking phrase ‘the glory of godliness,’ whilst wisdom is called ‘a clear effluence of the glory of the Almighty’ ( Wis 7:26 ). In John 1:14 the ‘glory’ of the Only-begotten consists in grace and truth (cf. John 2:11; John 17:5; John 17:22 ). In Romans 3:23 the ‘glory’ of God, of which men have fallen short, is His manifested excellence, revealed at first in man made in God’s image (cf. 1 Corinthians 11:7 a), lost through sin, but meant to be recovered as he is transfigured ‘from glory to glory’ ( 2 Corinthians 3:18 ). For ‘glory’ as used to express the visible brightness, cf. [[Tob]] 12:15 , where [[Raphael]] goes in before the glory of the [[Holy]] One (cf. 2Ma 3:26 , of angels). In [[Nt,]] cf. Luke 2:9 ‘The glory of the Lord shone round about them.’ In 2 Corinthians 3:7-11 the double use of ‘glory’ is clearly seen; the fading brightness on the face of Moses is contrasted with the abiding spiritual glory of the new covenant. Passages which combine both the ethical and the physical meanings are those which speak of the glory of the Son of Man ( Matthew 16:27 etc.), and the glory, both of brightness and of purity, which gives light to the heavenly city ( Revelation 21:23 ). ‘Glory,’ as applied to the saints, culminates in a state where both body and spirit are fully changed into the likeness of the glorified Lord ( Philippians 3:21 , Colossians 3:4 ). </p> <p> In Wis 18:24 a special use appears, where ‘the glories of the fathers’ is a phrase for the names of the twelve tribes, written on the precious stones of the high-priestly breastplate. [[Doubtless]] this is suggested by the flashing gems. An interesting parallel is given in Murray, <em> Eng. Dict. s.v </em> .: ‘They presented to his Electoral [[Highness]] … the Two [[Stars]] or Glories, and Two [[Pieces]] of Ribbon of the Order [of the Garter]’; cf. Kalisch on Exodus 28:1-43 ‘The jewels are the emblems of the stars, which they rival in splendour.’ </p> <p> Wilfrid [[J.]] Moulton. </p> | |||
== Baker's Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology <ref name="term_17874" /> == | == Baker's Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology <ref name="term_17874" /> == | ||
<p> <i> | <p> <i> Natural [[Objects]] </i> . When used in reference to natural objects "glory" may refer to the brightness of heavenly bodies ( Acts 22:11; 1Col 15:41), the fruitfulness of a forest ( Isaiah 35:2; 60:13 ), the awesomeness of a horse's snorting ( Job 39:20 ), or the ornateness of expensive clothing ( Luke 7:25 ). </p> <p> <i> Human Beings </i> . The glory of human beings is spoken of in reference to a number of external manifestations and conditions, aspects of internal character, and the inherent condition of human nature. As applied to external manifestations and conditions of human beings, glory may refer to position, possessions, strength, or length of life. </p> <p> Joseph's glory ( Genesis 45:13 ) is his position in Egypt, David's ( Psalm 21:5 ) and Jehoiakim's ( Jeremiah 22:18 ) their royal position in Judah, and Joshua's ( Numbers 27:20 ) his position of authority over the people of God. </p> <p> In the sense of possessions, Jacob's glory ( Genesis 31:1 ) is his servants and animals ( Genesis 30:43 ). Glory is the wealth of the wicked rich ( Psalm 49:17 ) as well as of the industrious, ideal wife ( Proverbs 31:24-25 ). And the wealth of the nations is the glory of restored [[Jerusalem]] ( Isaiah 66:11-12 ). </p> <p> "The glory of young men is their strength" ( Proverbs 20:29 ), and glory as strength is illustrated in the righteous Job ( Job 29:20 ), the arrogant king of [[Assyria]] ( Isaiah 8:7 ), and the long life of the elderly ( Proverbs 16:31 ). </p> <p> At a somewhat deeper level, glory can be seen in various aspects of human character such as willingness to overlook the faults of others ( Proverbs 19:11 ) or avoiding strife ( Proverbs 20:3 ). </p> <p> Further, Psalm 8:5 ("You crowned him with glory and honor") may point to an even more essential glory in humans, an inherent glory resulting from their being created in God's image (cf. 1Col 11:7). While humans may not have entirely lost this God-given glory through their fall into sin, their pursuit of folly shows that they do not live up to their glorious calling ( Proverbs 26:1 ). Moreover, this human glory, which can often be viewed as a positive good or at least neutrally, can also get out of hand and become an expression of independence from God ( Isaiah 10:12 ) and pride ( Proverbs 25:27 ). </p> <p> <i> God </i> . The most significant use of the ideas of glory and majesty is their application to God. In this regard, it is sometimes stated that God's glory is the external manifestation of his being. God's glory is something that appears ( Exodus 16:10 ), is revealed ( Isaiah 40:5 ), or can be seen ( Numbers 14:22 ). There is also a more fundamental sense in which God has glory prior to any external manifestation of it. An important passage in this regard is Exodus 33:18-23 , which shows that, while there are aspects of God's nature that are revealed to Moses (his name, "back"), there are other aspects that are not manifested (his glory, "face"). Thus, God's glory exists prior to and apart from any manifestation of it. </p> <p> The same teaching is implied in John 17:5 , when Christ refers to the glory that he had with the Father before the world was. And in Proverbs 25:2 , the glory of God is in concealing, rather than in manifesting. Moreover, the titles of God as the [[Glorious]] One ( Psalm 3:3 ) and the [[Majesty]] on High ( Hebrews 1:3; 8:1 ) point to the same conclusion, that God's glory is fundamentally independent of external manifestation. </p> <p> In keeping with this thought, glory is spoken of as attaching to God's kingly rule ( Psalm 145:11-12 ) and his presence ( Psalm 96:6 ), and as being his clothing ( Job 40:10; Psalm 93:1; 104:1 ) and above the heavens ( Psalm 8:1; 113:4; 148:13 ). </p> <p> Yet it is true that God's glory is also manifest. It is in the thunderstorm ( Job 37:22; Psalm 29:4 ) and more commonly in the events and institutions surrounding the exodus from Egypt. Thus, God's glory is seen in the plagues and other miracles ( Numbers 14:22 ), in the cloudy pillar ( Exodus 16:10 ), in the theophany at Mount Sinai ( Exodus 24:17; Deuteronomy 5:24 ), in the tabernacle ( Exodus 29:43; 40:34-35; Numbers 14:10; 16:19,42; 20:6 ), in the fire initiating the sacrificial system ( Leviticus 9:23 ), and in the ark of the covenant ( 1 Samuel 4:21-22 ) and the temple of [[Solomon]] ( 1 Kings 8:11; 2 Chronicles 7:1-3 ). Its presence is anticipated in the restored [[Zion]] ( Psalm 102:15-16; Isaiah 60:19; Zechariah 2:5 ), is actualized at the birth of Christ ( Luke 2:9 ), and will be further accomplished in the heavenly Jerusalem ( Revelation 21:11,23 ). </p> <p> In addition to referring to the actual glory of God, the words sometimes refer to the recognition of his glory. This is of course true whenever we read of giving glory to God or of glorifying him. We do not add to his glory; we merely recognize and acknowledge it. In a number of passages it is difficult to know whether God's glory refers to his actual glory or to human recognition of it. This is true, for example, when [[Scripture]] speaks of the earth being full of the glory of the Lord ( Isaiah 6:3 ). </p> <p> David [[K.]] Huttar </p> <p> <i> See also </i> [[God]] </p> <p> <i> Bibliography </i> . [[S.]] Aalen, <i> [[Nidntt,]] </i> 2:44-52; [[R.]] [[B.]] Dillard, <i> [[Beb,]] </i> 2:869-70; [[M.]] [[R.]] Gordon, <i> [[Zpeb,]] </i> 2:730-35; [[E.]] [[F.]] Harrison, <i> [[Edt,]] </i> pp. 443-44; idem, <i> [[Isbe,]] </i> 2:477-83; [[B.]] [[L.]] Ramm, <i> [[Beb,]] </i> 1:869-70. </p> | ||
== Bridgeway Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_18636" /> == | == Bridgeway Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_18636" /> == | ||
<p> One of the common words that develops its own special meaning in the | <p> One of the common words that develops its own special meaning in the Bible is ‘glory’. When used of people or things in relation to everyday life, it may indicate nothing more than honour, fame, power, wealth or splendour ( Genesis 45:13; 2 Kings 14:10; Isaiah 8:7; Isaiah 17:4; Daniel 2:37; Matthew 4:8; Matthew 6:29; John 5:44; John 7:18). But because it is used more frequently of the majestic all-powerful God, it develops a significance that makes it a characteristic word of both Old and New Testaments. </p> <p> '''The glory of the unseen God''' </p> <p> Revelations of God’s majesty and power, such as through clouds, fire and lightning, were revelations of his glory ( Exodus 16:10; Exodus 24:16-17; Leviticus 9:23-24; Psalms 29:3-4; Psalms 29:7-9; Habakkuk 3:3-4). Glory therefore became associated with brightness or shining. When God’s glory, symbolizing his presence, filled the tabernacle and later the temple, its brightness was so intense that no human being could look upon it ( Exodus 40:34-35; 1 Kings 8:11; see [[Shekinah).]] Even when God allowed people a vision of his glory, it was usually so dazzling that it overpowered them ( Exodus 33:18-19; Exodus 34:8; Exodus 34:29-30; Isaiah 6:1-5; Ezekiel 1:28; Luke 2:9; Revelation 1:13-17). </p> <p> Such visions were more than exhibitions of overpowering brightness; they were revelations of the nature of God. God’s glory is an expression of his character – his goodness, love, justice, power and holiness ( Exodus 33:18-19; Exodus 34:6-7; Psalms 29:3; Isaiah 6:3; John 12:41; Romans 3:23). Therefore, the Bible speaks of the revelation of God through nature and through history as the revelation of his glory ( Psalms 19:1; Psalms 96:3; see [[Revelation).]] </p> <p> '''The glory of Christ and his people''' </p> <p> Jesus Christ is the greatest revelation of God’s glory. The presence of God once dwelt in the world in the glory that filled the tabernacle or temple, but now that glory dwelt in the world in the form of a human being ( John 1:14; James 2:1). The God whom no person could see, except in visions, now revealed himself in Jesus Christ ( John 1:18; 2 Corinthians 4:6; Hebrews 1:3). </p> <p> Yet, while believers saw in Jesus the glory of God, unbelievers did not ( John 1:14; John 2:11; 1 Corinthians 2:8). This was partly because Christ’s glory during his earthly life was not a visible majestic splendour, such as he had as God before the world began. In being born into this world he laid that glory aside; though the event known as the transfiguration was a foretaste of a greater glory that would yet be his ( Matthew 17:1-6; John 17:5; see [[Transfiguration).]] After the triumph of his life, death and resurrection, God exalted him to heaven’s highest place and gave him heaven’s highest glory ( Philippians 2:6-11; Hebrews 2:9; 1 Peter 1:11; 1 Peter 1:21). </p> <p> One promise given to believers in Jesus Christ is that, as they share in Christ’s sufferings in this life, so they will share in his glory in the life to come ( Romans 8:17-18; 2 Corinthians 4:17; Philippians 3:21; 2 Thessalonians 2:14; Hebrews 2:10; 1 Peter 5:1; 1 Peter 5:10). In a sense they share in Christ’s glory now and increasingly become like Christ through their devotion to him ( John 17:22; 2 Corinthians 3:18; 1 Peter 4:14). The great revelation of God’s glory at the end of the age will bring salvation to believers and terror to the wicked ( Isaiah 60:1-3; Isaiah 66:18-19; Matthew 16:27; Matthew 24:30; Matthew 25:31; Colossians 3:4; Titus 2:11-14). </p> <p> Mere human beings cannot add to God’s glory (in the sense of his majesty and power) but they can give him glory (in the sense of honour and praise). They are to glorify him by their words and by their actions ( 1 Samuel 6:5; Psalms 96:8; Jeremiah 13:16; Matthew 5:16; Acts 12:23; Romans 4:20; Romans 11:36; 1 Corinthians 10:31; 2 Corinthians 8:19; Ephesians 3:21; Revelation 5:13; Revelation 14:7). </p> | ||
== | == Morrish Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_66395" /> == | ||
<p> | <p> There are eight different words in the [[Hebrew]] translated 'glory,' but some occur only once. The principal of them are </p> <p> 1. <i> hod, </i> 'renown, glory,' anything for which a being is admired. It is applied to God, Psalm 148:13; and to the horse. Job 39:20 . </p> <p> 2. <i> tipharah, tiphereth, </i> 'splendour beauty, glory.' It is applied to God, Isaiah 60:19; to Israel, Isaiah 46:13; the crown that wisdom gives, Proverbs 4:9; the hoary head, Proverbs 16:31 , etc. </p> <p> 3. <i> kabod </i> , 'weight, honour, glory' (the word commonly used). It is frequently applied to God, as in 'the God of glory,' Psalm 29:3; to Jehovah as 'the King of glory,' Psalm 24:7-9; 'the glory of Jehovah' that appeared on Mount Sinai, and that filled the tabernacle, Exodus 24:16,17; Exodus 40:34,35 , and will fill the future temple, Ezekiel 43:2-5; also the glory pertaining to Israel, and to the Gentiles in the past and the future. 1 Samuel 4:21,22; Isaiah 66:12 . </p> <p> In the [[N.T.]] the word is δόξα, 'esteem, honour, excellency of mind, body,' etc. It is applied to created things, as the sun, moon, and stars, 1 Corinthians 15:41; also to man as the 'glory of God.' 1 Corinthians 11:7 . The moral glory of the Lord Jesus Christ shone out in all His pathway on earth. John 1:14; John 11:40 . He speaks of the glory He had from eternity with the Father, and His acquired glory which He will graciously share with His joint heirs. John 17:5,22,24 . Every tongue shall confess His lordship to the glory of God the Father. Philippians 2:11 . His glory will be revealed on earth, and He will be hailed 'King of kings and Lord of lords.' Matthew 25:31; 1 Peter 4:13; Revelation 17:14; Revelation 19:16 . He is 'the Lord of glory.' 1 Corinthians 2:8 . </p> <p> Glory belongs to God: He is the God of glory. Acts 7:2; 2 Corinthians 4:6,15 . In Him all the divine attributes shine in infinite perfection. Christians in acknowledging this, and owning that from Him come all their blessings, joyfully ascribe unto Him "Praise and honour, glory and power, for ever and ever." Romans 11:36; Galatians 1:5; 1 Timothy 1:17; 2 Timothy 4:18 , etc. The same is ascribed to the Lord Jesus by the saints, and will be by every creature. Revelation 5 . </p> <p> Glory is often used as expressive of the proper distinction of a person, or of a company: as the glory of the Father, Romans 6:4; of the Word, John 1:14; of the children of God, Romans 8:21; and even of inanimate bodies heavenly and earthly, 1 Corinthians 15:40,41 . Each has its own glory, and such glory is evidently not transferable; for if it could be transferred or communicated, it would lose its specially distinctive force. But glory may be in the nature of distinction conferred, as upon a creature by a superior, and even upon the Lord Himself, viewed as in the place of Man; as on the mount of transfiguration, and at the right hand of God. 2 Peter 1:17; 1 Peter 1:21 . And this is distinction in which others may in measure be permitted to share. John 17:22 . </p> <p> Glory may properly attach to a person even under an exterior by which it is not expressed. This was evidently the case with Christ when on earth: the flesh which He assumed in becoming Man served to veil His glory. In the same way the glory of the children of God is not yet manifest, and until it is manifest the glory is the exultation of the heart. This idea is not infrequently found in the Psalms. </p> <p> And further, this thought of glory hidden brings us to the glory of God, which, in its full expression, is the effulgence or display of Himself in the accomplishment of His counsels, in hope of which Christians rejoice. These counsels hid in God constitute, as one may say, His glory; and in their result they fully display His wisdom, love, and power. Meanwhile they have come to light through Christ being at the right hand of God, and the Holy Ghost given. We have now the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ. </p> <p> The visible manifestation of glory seems connected with <i> light </i> : it was so on the mount of transfiguration. Matthew 17:2 . God dwells in "light which no man can approach unto." 1 Timothy 6:16 . In the new Jerusalem the glory of God lightens it, "and the Lamb is the light thereof." Revelation 21:23 . When the Lord Jesus was revealed to Saul at his conversion, he was blinded by 'the glory of that light,' Acts 22:11 , but only that divine light might shine into his soul. </p> | ||
== | == Hawker's Poor Man's Concordance And Dictionary <ref name="term_47811" /> == | ||
< | <p> This word in the abstract, properly speaking belongs only to God; for there can be glory in no other. Hence the prophet speaks to the church, "Thy God thy glory." ( Isaiah 60:19) So that [[Jehovah,]] in his threefold character of person, is truly and strictly glory. Hence, when the Lord is speaking of the great works of creation, in creating the heavens and stretching them out, and spreading forth the earth; and also of the wonders of redemption by his Son; he confirms the oneness in nature, work, and design of Christ, and the adoration due to him as one with himself; and saith, [["I]] am the Lord, that is my name, and my glory will [[I]] not give to another, neither my praise to graven images." ( Isaiah 42:5-8.) Where by the way, it may be observed, here is the highest confirmation of the [[Godhead]] of Christ. For in the same moment that [[Jehovah]] declares his jealousy of his name and glory, and that he will not give his glory to another, neither his praise to graven images, he commands both praise and glory to be given to his dear Son, whom he gives as a covenant to the people, that he may have all the praise and glory of redemption. [[A]] plain proof that in [[Jehovah'S]] esteem Christ is one with the Father, "over all, God blessed for ever." Amen. ( Romans 9:5) The glory of [[Jehovah,]] though, no doubt, existing personally in the essence of the [[Godhead,]] can only be known by his creatures in the manifestation of it. "He dwells in that light, or glory, which no man can approach unto." So that all we can know or conceive of his glory, must result from such manifestations as he hath been pleased to make of himself in his works. Thus when Moses desired, that the Lord would shew him his glory, the Lord said, [["I]] will make all my goodness pass before thee; and [[I]] will proclaim the name of the Lord." ( Exodus 33:18-19) His name, which is his person, therefore is, in the abstract; glory; and the manifestation of it is in his ways and winks. Hence the church is said to be his glory, inasmuch as the Lord is glorified in her salvation. For as the glorious Head of his body the church in his mediatorial character, "is the brightness of his Father's glory, and the express image of his person;" so the brethren, the messengers of the churches, are said to be the glory of Christ, 2 Corinthians 8:23. And the Lord promiseth to be to the church, not only "a wall of fire to defend round about, but the glory in the midst." ( Zechariah 2:5) </p> <p> [[Names]] are sometimes given by the vanity of men to creatures concerning glory, but the holy [[Scriptures]] express their total disapprobation of it. Thus the Lord, speaking of the pride of the king of Assyria, ( Isaiah 8:7) declares, that all his glory shall come to nought. And the Lord Jesus speaking of Solomon's glory, describes it as nothing compared to the humblest lilies of the field. ( Matthew 6:28-29) And hence that gracious precept of the Lord by the prophet: "Thus saith the Lord, Let not the wise man glory in his wisdom, neither let the mighty man glory in his might; let not the rich man glory in his riches; but let him that glorieth, glory in this, that he understandeth and knoweth me, that [[I]] am the Lord which exercise loving kindness, judgment, and righteousness in the earth; for in these things [[I]] delight, saith the Lord." ( Jeremiah 9:23-24) </p> <p> [[I]] cannot forbear requesting the reader's attention, under this article, to a sweet and interesting feature of Christ, as the Glory-man Christ Jesus. [[I]] say, as the Glory-man; for [[I]] would beg to be understood, that this name is peculiarly belonging to our Jesus, and to him only. His people in him, and through him, will hereafter be brought to glory, and will be, we are told, in point of glory as the angels. ( Matthew 22:30) But though glorious from a derived glory from Christ, yet not glory, in the abstract, in themselves. This is peculiarly and personally his; so that Jesus is the Glory-man, as the God-man Mediator. If the reader would wish to see the Scripture authority for this name, he will find it John 17:5 where the glory Jesus then speaks of as Mediator, was unquestionably the glory in which he stood up at the call of God when "the Lord possessed him in the beginning of his ways before his works of old, and when his delights were with the sons of men." (See Proverbs 8:22-31) </p> <p> [[I]] would only beg to add one thought more upon this subject, and to observe to the true believer in Jesus the blessedness the heart of that man feels, who, to such views of the divine glory, can set to his seal the truth of it in his own personal experience, when with the apostle he can say, "God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, hath shined in our hearts, to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ." ( 2 Corinthians 4:6) </p> | ||
== Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_40384" /> == | == Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_40384" /> == | ||
1 Samuel 4: | 1 Samuel 4:18 Proverbs 27:3 Exodus 18:18 Psalm 38:4 Genesis 12:10 Genesis 47:4 Exodus 4:10 Exodus 7:14 Genesis 13:2 Exodus 12:38 Numbers 20:20 1 Kings 10:2 <p> The verb thus often comes to mean, “give weight to, honor” ( Exodus 20:12; 1 Samuel 15:30; Psalm 15:4; Proverbs 4:8; Isaiah 3:5 ). Such honor which people give to one another is a recognition of the place of the honored person in the human community. [[A]] nation can have such honor or glory ( Isaiah 16:14; Isaiah 17:3 ). This is not so much something someone bestows on another as a quality of importance which a person, group, or nation has and which another recognizes. “To give glory” is to praise, to recognize the importance of another, the weight the other carries in the community. In the Psalms people give such glory to God, that is they recognize the essential nature of His Godness that gives Him importance and weight in relationship to the human worshiping community. (Compare Psalm 22:23; Psalm 86:12; Isaiah 24:15 .) Human praise to God can be false, not truly recognizing His importance ( Isaiah 29:13; compare 1 Samuel 2:30 ). At times God creates glory for Himself ( Exodus 14:4 , Exodus 14:17; Ezekiel 28:22 ). As one confesses guilt and accepts rightful punishment, one is called upon to recognize the righteousness and justice of God and give Him glory ( Joshua 7:19; 1 Samuel 6:5 ). God thus reveals His glory in His just dealings with humans. He also reveals it in the storms and events of nature ( Psalm 29:1; compare Isaiah 6:1 ). Glory is thus that side of God which humans recognize and to which humans respond in confession, worship, and praise. (Compare Isaiah 58:8; Isaiah 60:1 .) Still, for the Old Testament, the greatest revelation of divine glory came on Sinai ( Deuteronomy 5:24 ). Yet such experiences are awesome and fearful ( Deuteronomy 5:25 ). Such revelation does not, however, reveal all of God, for no person can see the entirety of the divine glory, not even Moses ( Exodus 33:17-23 ). </p> <p> The New [[Testament]] uses <i> doxa </i> to express glory and limits the meaning to God's glory. In classical Greek <i> doxa </i> means opinion, conjecture, expectation, and then praise. New Testament carries forward the Old Testament meaning of divine power and majesty ( Acts 7:2; Ephesians 1:17; 2 Peter 1:17 ). The New Testament extends this to Christ as having divine glory ( Luke 9:32; John 1:14; 1 Corinthians 2:8; 2 Thessalonians 2:14 ). </p> <p> Divine glory means that humans do not seek glory for themselves ( Matthew 6:2; John 5:44; 1 Thessalonians 2:6 ). They only look to receive praise and honor from Christ ( Romans 2:7; Romans 5:2; 1 Thessalonians 2:19; Philippians 2:16 ). </p> | ||
== | == Vine's Expository Dictionary of OT Words <ref name="term_76346" /> == | ||
<p> This word in | <p> [['''A.]] Noun.''' </p> <p> <em> Tiph'ârâh </em> (תִּפְאֶרֶת, Strong'S #8597), “glory; beauty; ornament; distinction; pride.” This word appears about 51 times and in all periods of biblical Hebrew. The word represents “beauty,” in the sense of the characteristic enhancing one’s appearance: “And thou shalt make holy garments for Aaron thy brother for glory and for beauty” (Exod. 28:2—the first occurrence). In Isa. 4:2, the word identifies the fruit of the earth as the “beauty” or “adornment” of the survivors of Israel. </p> <p> <em> Tiph'ârâh </em> (or <em> tiph'ereth </em> ) means “glory” in several instances. The word is used of one’s rank. [[A]] crown of “glory” is a crown which, by its richness, indicates high rank—Wisdom will "[present you with] a crown of glory [[(Nasb,]] “beauty”)” (Prov. 4:9). “The hoary head is a crown of glory” (Prov. 16:31), a reward for righteous living. In Isa. 62:3, the phrase “crown of glory [[(Nasb,]] “beauty”)” is paralleled by “royal diadem.” This word also modifies the greatness of a king (Esth. 1:4) and the greatness of the inhabitants of Jerusalem (Zech. 12:7). In each of these instances, this word emphasizes the rank of the persons or things so modified. The word is used of one’s renown: “… And to make thee high above all nations which he hath made, in praise, and in name, and in honor [distinction]” (Deut. 26:19). </p> <p> In another related nuance, <em> tiph'ârâh </em> (or <em> tiph'ereth </em> ) is used of God, to emphasize His rank, renown, and inherent “beauty”: “Thine, [[O]] Lord, is the greatness, and the power, and the glory, and the victory, and the majesty …” (1 Chron. 29:11). </p> <p> This word represents the “honor” of a nation, in the sense of its position before God: "[He has] cast down from heaven unto the earth the beauty [honor or pride] of Israel …” (Lam. 2:1). This nuance is especially clear in passages such as Judg. 4:9: [[“I]] will surely go with thee: notwithstanding the journey that thou takest shall not be for thine honor [i.e., distinction]; for the Lord shall sell [[Sisera]] into the hand of a woman.” </p> <p> In Isa. 10:12, <em> tiph'ârâh </em> (or <em> tiph'ereth </em> ) represents a raising of oneself to a high rank in one’s own eyes: “… [[I]] will punish the fruit of the stout heart of the king of Assyria, and the glory of his high looks.” </p> <p> [['''B.]] Verb.''' </p> <p> <em> Pâ'ar </em> (פָּאַר, Strong'S #6286), “to glorify.” This verb occurs 13 times in biblical Hebrew. One appearance of this verb is in Isa. 60:9: “… And to the Holy One of Israel, because he hath gloried thee.” </p> | ||
== | == Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary <ref name="term_80764" /> == | ||
<p> | <p> splendour, magnificence. The glory of God in the writings of Moses, denotes, generally, the divine presence; as when he appeared on Mount Sinai; or, the bright cloud which declared his presence, and descended on the tabernacle of the congregation, Exodus 24:9-10; Exodus 24:16-17 . Moses, with Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, and seventy elders of Israel, went up to Mount Sinai, and "saw the glory of the Lord." Now "the glory of the Lord was, as it were, a burning fire on the mountain; and under his feet was, as it were, the brightness of the sapphire stone, resembling heaven itself in clearness." The glory of the Lord appeared to Israel in the cloud also, when he gave them manna and quails, Exodus 16:7; Exodus 16:10 . Moses having earnestly begged of God to show his glory to him, God said, "Thou canst not see my face, for there shall no man see me and live. And the Lord said, There is a place by me, and thou shalt stand upon a rock: and it shall come to pass, while my glory passeth by, that [[I]] will put thee in the cleft of the rock, and will cover thee with my hand while [[I]] pass by; and [[I]] will take away my hand, and thou shalt see my back parts:" (the train, the fainter rays of the glory:) "but my face shall not be seen," Exodus 33:18 . The ark of God is called the glory of Israel; and the glory of God, 1 Samuel 4:21-22; Psalms 26:8 . The priestly ornaments are called "garments of glory," Exodus 28:2; Exodus 28:40; and the sacred vessels, "vessels of glory," 1Ma_2:9; 1Ma_2:12 . Solomon "in all his glory," in all his lustre, in his richest ornaments, was not so beautifully arrayed as a lily, Matthew 6:29; Luke 12:27 . When the prophets describe the conversion of the Gentiles, they speak of the "glory of the Lord" as filling the earth; that is, his knowledge shall universally prevail, and he shall be every where worshipped and glorified. The term "glory" is used also of the [[Gospel]] dispensation by St. Paul; and to express the future felicity of the saints in heaven. When the Hebrews required an oath of any man, they said, "Give glory to God:" confess the truth, give him glory, confess that God knows the most secret thoughts, the very bottom of your hearts, </p> <p> Joshua 7:19; John 9:24 . </p> | ||
== King James Dictionary <ref name="term_60409" /> == | == King James Dictionary <ref name="term_60409" /> == | ||
<p> | <p> [[Glo'Ry,]] n. [[L.]] gloria planus hence, bright, shining. Glory, then, is brightness, splendor. The [[L.]] floreo, to blossom, to flower, to flourish, is probably of the same family. </p> 1. [[Brightness]] luster splendor. <p> The moon, serene in glory, mounts the sky. </p> <p> For he received from God the Father honor and glory,when there came such a voice to him from the excellent glory. 2 Peter 1 </p> <p> In this passage of Peter, the latter word glory refers to the visible splendor or bright cloud that overshadowed Christ at his transfiguration. The former word glory, though the same in the original, is to be understood in a figurative sense. </p> 2. [[Splendor]] magnificence. <p> Solomon, in all his glory, was not arrayed like one </p> <p> of these. Matt.vi. </p> 3. The circle of rays surrounding the head of a figure in painting. 4. [[Praise]] ascribed in adoration honor. <p> Glory to God in the highest. Luke 2 . </p> 5. Honor praise fame renown celebrity. The hero pants for glory in the field. It was the glory of Howard to relieve the wretched. 6. The felicity of heaven prepared for the children of God celestial bliss. <p> Thou shalt guide me with thy counsel,and afterwards receive me to glory. Psalms 73 </p> 7. In scripture, the divine presence or the ark, the manifestation of it. <p> The glory is departed from Israel. 1 Samuel 4 </p> 8. The divine perfections or excellence. <p> The heavens declare the glory of God. Psalms 19 </p> 9. [[Honorable]] representation of God. 1 Corinthians 11.8 . 10. Distinguished honor or ornament that which honors or makes renowned that of which one may boast. <p> Babylon, the glory of kingdoms. Isaiah 13 </p> 11. [[Pride]] boastfulness arrogance as vain glory. 12. Generous pride. <p> [[Glo'Ry,]] [[L.]] glorior, from gloria. </p> <p> To exult with joy to rejoice. </p> <p> Glory ye in his holy name. Psalms 105; 1 Chronicles 16 . </p> 1. To boast to be proud of. <p> No one should glory in his prosperity. </p> | ||
== | == Easton's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_31621" /> == | ||
< | <li> The phrase "Give glory to God" ( Joshua 7:19; Jeremiah 13:16 ) is a Hebrew idiom meaning, "Confess your sins." The words of the Jews to the blind man, "Give God the praise" ( John 9:24 ), are an adjuration to confess. They are equivalent to, "Confess that you are an impostor," "Give God the glory by speaking the truth;" for they denied that a miracle had been wrought. <div> <p> '''Copyright Statement''' These dictionary topics are from [[M.G.]] Easton [[M.A.,]] [[D.D.,]] Illustrated Bible Dictionary, Third Edition, published by [[Thomas]] Nelson, 1897. Public Domain. </p> <p> '''Bibliography Information''' Easton, Matthew George. Entry for 'Glory'. Easton's Bible Dictionary. https://www.studylight.org/dictionaries/eng/ebd/g/glory.html. 1897. </p> </div> </li> | ||
== | == Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_35519" /> == | ||
<p> | <p> Hebrew kabod , "weight," alluded to 2 Corinthians 4:17; "our lightness of affliction worketh out for us a weight of glory," exceeding beyond all measure the affliction. "My glory" is my soul, man's noblest part; rather my tongue, as explained in Acts 2:26. So Psalms 30:12 margin; Psalms 57:8; Psalms 108:1. The tongue, as the soul's interpreter, is the glory of man above the brute, and the instrument of glorifying God, man's highest glory. David not only exults inwardly, but makes his "tongue" and "flesh" sharers of his joy. As God is the saints' glory ( Jeremiah 2:11), so they are His glory ( Jeremiah 13:11; Isaiah 62:3). </p> | ||
== | == Charles Buck Theological Dictionary <ref name="term_19826" /> == | ||
<p> | <p> Praise, or honour, attributed to God, in adoration or worship. The state of felicity prepared for the righteous. </p> <p> See [[Heaven.]] The glory of God is the manifestation of the divine perfections in creation, providence, and grace. We may be said to give glory to God when we confess our sins, when we love him supremely, when we commit ourselves to him, are zealous in his service, improve our talents, walk humbly, thankfully, and cheerfully before him, and recommend, proclaim, or set forth his excellencies to others. Joshua 7:19 . Galatians 2:20 . John 15:8 . Psalms 50:23 . Matthew 5:16 . </p> | ||
== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_4289" /> == | == International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_4289" /> == | ||
< | |||
== Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_41712" /> == | == Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_41712" /> == | ||
<p> in the English Version, usually represents the words כָּבוֹד, kabod', and δόξα. The Hebrew, from כָּבִד, "to be heavy," is susceptible of the various analogical meanings which are derived from its root, viz. "to be hard," "honored," "rich," etc. The above Heb. and Gr. terms have the following applications: </p> <p> (1.) Abundance, wealth, treasures, rendered "honor" in Psalms 48:12, and "glory" in | <p> in the English Version, usually represents the words כָּבוֹד, ''kabod','' and δόξα. The Hebrew, from כָּבִד, "to be heavy," is susceptible of the various ''analogical'' meanings which are derived from its root, viz. "to be hard," "honored," "rich," etc. The above Heb. and Gr. terms have the following applications: </p> <p> '''(1.)''' ''Abundance, wealth, treasures,'' rendered "honor" in Psalms 48:12, and "glory" in Genesis 31:1; Isaiah 10:3; Matthew 4:8; Luke 4:6; Revelation 21:24; Revelation 21:26. </p> <p> '''(2.)''' ''Honor, glory, dignity,'' as in 1 Kings 3:13; 2 Chronicles 1:11-12; Proverbs 8:18; Hebrews 2:7; 1 Peter 1:24; 1 Corinthians 11:7. Spoken of God, as in Psalms 19:1; Psalms 29:1; Isaiah 42:8; of persons in high honor ( Isaiah 5:13; 2 Peter 2:10 Judges 1:8). Also ''the honor, glory,'' of any one; poet.cally for ''the mind, the heart,'' as the noblest part of man ( Genesis 49:6; Psalms 7:5; Psalms 16:9; Psalms 30:12; Psalms 47:8; Psalms 108:1; Acts 2:26). Some here assign the signification of "liver," but the liver is never (like the heart and reins) assumed as the seat of the mind and affections. </p> <p> '''(3.)''' ''Splendor, brightness, glory, majesty'' " of all my glory," i.e., ''splendor'' ( Genesis 45:13; Isaiah 4:5; Isaiah 11:10; Isaiah 22:18; 1 Samuel 2:8; Acts 22:11; 1 Peter 5:4); " the glory of Lebanon," its magnificence, beauty ( Isaiah 35:2; Isaiah 60:13). So of the sun, stars, etc. ( 1 Corinthians 15:40-41); of Moses's face ( 2 Corinthians 3:7); also of the celestial light which surrounds angels ( Revelation 18:1), or glorified saints ( Luke 9:31-32; 1 Corinthians 15:43; Colossians 3:4). Spoken especially of ''the glory, majesty, of Jehovah'' ( Isaiah 59:19; Isaiah 60:1; 2 Thessalonians 1:9; 2 Peter 1:17; Revelation 21:11; Revelation 21:23), that ''fiery effulgence'' surrounded with dark clouds in which Jehovah is represented as appearing, or God himself as surrounded by this efful" gence, from which lightnings proceed ( Leviticus 9:23-24; Numbers 16:35; Psalms 18:12), such as he manifested when he showed himself at Sinai to Moses and the people ( Exodus 16:7; Exodus 16:10; Exodus 24:17; Exodus 33:18; Leviticus 9:6; Leviticus 9:23), or appeared in the tabernacle ( Exodus 40:34), or in the Temple ( 1 Kings 8:11; 2 Chronicles 7:1-2; compare Luke 2:9; Luke 9:32; Acts 7:55; Acts 22:11), or was seen in prophetic visions ( Isaiah 6:3; John 12:41; Ezekiel 1:28; Ezekiel 8:4; Ezekiel 10:4; Ezekiel 10:18; Ezekiel 43:2; Ezekiel 43:4; Ezekiel 44:4; Revelation 15:8; Revelation 21:11; Revelation 21:23). To this corresponds the [[Shekinah]] of the later Jews (Buxtorf's ''Lexicon Chald. Talmud. et Rabbinicum,'' col. 2394). God appears, too, in glory to punish transgressors ( Leviticus 10:2); and sinners are said to "provoke the eyes of his glory," i.e., of him as thus appearing in his glory for their punishment ( Isaiah 3:8). Spoken also of the expected temporal reign of the [[Messiah]] ( Mark 10:37; comp. Matthew 20:21); and also of the glory of his second coming ( Matthew 16:27; Matthew 19:28; Matthew 24:30; Mark 13:26; Mark 8:38; Luke 9:26; Luke 21:27; Titus 2:13). </p> <p> '''(4.)''' Of internal character, i.e. glorious moral attributes. Spoken of God, infinite perfection, divine majesty and holiness ( Psalms 19:1; Isaiah 40:5; Acts 7:2; Romans 1:23; Ephesians 1:17); so of the divine perfections as manifested in the ''power'' of God ( John 11:40; Romans 6:4; Colossians 1:11), or in his ''benevolence and benefience'' ( Romans 9:23; Ephesians 1:12; Ephesians 1:14; Ephesians 1:18; Ephesians 3:16). So of Jesus, as the ''effulgence'' of the divine perfections ( Hebrews 1:3; John 1:14; John 2:11); also of the Spirit ( 1 Peter 4:14). </p> <p> '''(5.)''' Of that exalted state of blissful perfection which is the portion of those who dwell with God in heaven; e.g. spoken of Christ, and including also the idea of his regal majesty as Messiah ( Luke 24:26; John 17:5; John 17:22; John 17:24; 2 Thessalonians 2:14; 1 Timothy 3:16; 1 Peter 1:11). Spoken of glorified saints, i.e., salvation, eternal life, etc. ( Romans 2:7; Romans 2:10; Romans 5:2; Romans 8:18; 1 Corinthians 2:7; 2 Corinthians 4:17; 1 Thessalonians 2:12; 2 Timothy 2:10; Hebrews 2:10; 1 Peter 5:1; 1 Peter 5:10). So to ''glorify,'' when spoken of God and Christ, it render conspicuous and glorious the divine character and attributes of God as glorified by the Son ( John 12:28; John 13:31-32; John 14:13; John 15:8; John 17:1; John 17:4); of Christ as glorified by the Father ( John 8:54; John 13:32; John 17:1; John 17:5; Acts 3:13), or by the Spirit ( John 16:14), or by Christians ( John 17:10), or generally ( Leviticus 10:3; John 11:4; John 13:31). — Bastow, s.v. (See [[Glorify]]). </p> <p> Other terms less frequently rendered "glory," "glorious," etc., are: אִדַּיר ''laets,'' large; הָדִר, to ''swell; הוֹד'' , honor; תַּפְאָרָה, beauty, etc.; κλέος, renown; καυχάω, to ''boast.'' On these and the above, consult the Heb. and Gr. Lexicons. </p> <p> We may be said to give glory to God when we confess our sins, when we love him supremely, when we commit ourselves to him, are zealous in his service, walk humbly, thankfully, and cheerfully before him, and recommend, proclaim, or set forth his excellencies to others ( Matthew 5:16; John 15:8; Galatians 2:20). In Exodus 8:9 we read, "And Moses said unto Pharaoh, Glory over me." The margin has for "glory" "honor," and for "over me" "against me." [[Pharaoh]] had besought Moses to pray that the Lord might take away the frogs, and Moses wished the king to have the honor and glory (in preference to himself) of appointing a time when he should thus pray to the Lord to take them away. This was not only complimentary to Pharaoh, but it would have a strong tendency to convince him that the Lord had heard the prayer of Moses, because he himself had appointed the time. </p> <p> As man's real glory on earth consists in submitting to the will of God, and in doing it, so will his glory in heaven consist in being eternally pleasing to God, and in finding in him his perfect happiness. There can be no real glory either in this world or in the next, aside from virtue. The glory we seek here consists in the esteem of our fellow-men, and it would never be a false or a dangerous glory if men were wise enough not to esteem anything but what is virtuous. Christ commands us to practice virtue, not in view of gaining the approbation of men, but to please God. At the first glance his instructions as this point may appear somewhat contradictory. He says: "Let your light so shine before men that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father which is in heaven ( Matthew 5:16); then: ''Take heed that ye do not your alms before men, to be seen of them; otherwise ye have no reward of your Father which is in heaven.'' — Therefore, when thou doest thine alms, do not sound a trumpet before thee, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the streets, that they may have glory of men. Verily [[I]] say unto you, they have their reward," etc. ( Matthew 6:1 sq.). But these passages are really not contradictory. Christ means that he does not want the desire of being admired and praised by men to be the motive of our good actions; but he wants us to do those good actions in order to edify our neighbors, to lead them by our example to the practice of virtue, so that they may glorify God, and not us. There is a great difference between these two motives: the first is very wrong, the second right and praiseworthy. We are consequently to keep secret our good actions, whenever an opposite course is not necessary for public edification; but when it is, then we are to let them be seen. St. Paul says: "Our rejoicing (or glory) is this, the testimony of our conscience that in simplicity and godly sincerity, not with fleshly wisdom, but by the grace of God, we heave had our conversation in the world, and more abundantly to you-ward" ( 2 Corinthians 1:12). </p> <p> The word glory, in St. Paul's writings, has often been misunderstood. In speaking of the destiny of the Jews and Gentiles with regard to faith ( Romans 9:22-23), be says: "What if God, willing to show his wrath, and to make his power known, endued with much long-suffering the vessels of wrath fitted to destruction; and that he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy, which he bad afore prepared unto glory," etc. We do not think that the word glory here refers to eternal glory, but rather to God's glory here below and to the glory of his Church; for God has really showed its riches in the virtues of those who have been called to faith. St. Paul uses the expression again in the same sense when he speaks ( 1 Corinthians 2:7) of "the hidden wisdom which God ordained before the world unto our glory," and when he says ( Ephesians 1:5-6) that God predestined us for adoption "to the praise of the glory of his grace." So [[Augustine]] (''Enarr. in'' Psalms 18:3, and in Psalms 39:4) understands these passages. — Bergier, ''Dict. de'' Theologie (Paris, 1854), 3:139. </p> | ||
==References == | ==References == | ||
<references> | <references> | ||
<ref name="term_56028"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-new-testament/glory Glory from Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_51128"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-bible/glory Glory from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_17874"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/baker-s-evangelical-dictionary-of-biblical-theology/glory Glory from Baker's Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology]</ref> | <ref name="term_17874"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/baker-s-evangelical-dictionary-of-biblical-theology/glory Glory from Baker's Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology]</ref> | ||
<ref name="term_18636"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/bridgeway-bible-dictionary/glory Glory from Bridgeway Bible Dictionary]</ref> | <ref name="term_18636"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/bridgeway-bible-dictionary/glory Glory from Bridgeway Bible Dictionary]</ref> | ||
<ref name=" | <ref name="term_66395"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/morrish-bible-dictionary/glory Glory from Morrish Bible Dictionary]</ref> | ||
<ref name=" | <ref name="term_47811"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hawker-s-poor-man-s-concordance-and-dictionary/glory Glory from Hawker's Poor Man's Concordance And Dictionary]</ref> | ||
<ref name="term_40384"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/holman-bible-dictionary/glory Glory from Holman Bible Dictionary]</ref> | <ref name="term_40384"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/holman-bible-dictionary/glory Glory from Holman Bible Dictionary]</ref> | ||
<ref name=" | <ref name="term_76346"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/vine-s-expository-dictionary-of-ot-words/glory Glory from Vine's Expository Dictionary of OT Words]</ref> | ||
<ref name=" | <ref name="term_80764"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/watson-s-biblical-theological-dictionary/glory Glory from Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary]</ref> | ||
<ref name="term_60409"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/king-james-dictionary/glory Glory from King James Dictionary]</ref> | <ref name="term_60409"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/king-james-dictionary/glory Glory from King James Dictionary]</ref> | ||
<ref name=" | <ref name="term_31621"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/easton-s-bible-dictionary/glory Glory from Easton's Bible Dictionary]</ref> | ||
<ref name=" | <ref name="term_35519"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/fausset-s-bible-dictionary/glory Glory from Fausset's Bible Dictionary]</ref> | ||
<ref name=" | <ref name="term_19826"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/charles-buck-theological-dictionary/glory Glory from Charles Buck Theological Dictionary]</ref> | ||
<ref name="term_4289"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/glory Glory from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref> | <ref name="term_4289"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/glory Glory from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref> | ||
