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Difference between revisions of "Michmash"
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== Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_36660" /> == | |||
<p> 1 Samuel 13-14. Now Mukhmas, a poor village of gray huts and ruins, seven miles N. of Jerusalem; on the northern edge of the wady Suweinit, the main pass between the central highlands where [[Michmash]] stands and the [[Jordan]] valley at Jericho. Opposite Michmash on the other side of the ravine was [[Geba]] (Jeba) where was the [[Philistine]] garrison, and behind this Gibeah. [[Jonathan]] smote the garrison or officer. (See JONATHAN.) The [[Philistines]] swarmed up from their seacoast plain, and occupied Michmash so that [[Saul]] had to retire to [[Gilgal]] near Jericho. Then followed Jonathan's bold enterprise, which issued in their rout, from Michmash, the farthest point E., to [[Ajalon]] on the W. The battle also passed over to [[Bethaven]] (Bethel) four miles N. of Michmash (1 Samuel 14:23.) [[Josephus]] (Ant. vi. 6, section 2) says that the part of Michmash held by them consisted of three summits, entrenched by a line of rocks, and ending in a long sharp precipice almost impregnable; here Jonathan and his armorbearer clambered up at their invitation. </p> <p> Just as 1 Samuel 14:4 describes, there is what was once a sharp "toothlike rock" on one side of the gorge between the armies, answering to [[Bozez]] ("shining"), and another on the other answering to [[Seneh]] (thorn). The more timid of the [[Israelites]] emerged from the holes (which give Michmash its name ("hidden"); others derive it from Chemosh, marking a [[Moabite]] invasion at some time) to join in the pursuit. [[Sennacherib]] long after, advancing from the N., left his heavy baggage ("carriages") at Michmash, and crossing the pass lodged for the night at Geba (Isaiah 10:28-29). (See GEBA.) [[Kitchener]] suggests that Khirbet Haiy is the site of Ai. It is hardly one mile S.E. of Michmash on the old road from [[Jericho]] into the interior, and so the first stronghold Joshua would have to overcome. A plain to the N. was the battlefield; and there is room for ambush to hide without being seen by the men of Bethel. Michmash and [[Ai]] are closely connected. After the captivity 122 men of Michmash reoccupied their old dwelling (Ezra 2:27; Nehemiah 7:31). Here Jonathan Maccabeus had his seat of government (1 [[Maccabees]] 9:73). [[Eusebius]] and [[Jerome]] (Onomasticon) mention Michmash as near Ramah. </p> | |||
== Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_73757" /> == | |||
<p> Mich'mash. (hidden). A town which is known to us, almost solely, by its connection with the [[Philistine]] war of [[Saul]] and Jonathan. 1 Samuel 13:1; 1 Samuel 14:1. It has been identified, with great probability, in a village which still bears the name of Mukhmas, about seven miles north of Jerusalem. The place was, thus, situated in the very middle of the tribe of Benjamin. In the invasion of Sennacherib, in the reign of Hezekiah, it is mentioned by Isaiah. Isaiah 10:28. After the captivity, the man of the place returned. Ezra 2:27; Nehemiah 7:31. </p> <p> At a later date, it became the residence of [[Jonathan]] Maccabaeus, and the seat of his government. 1 [[Maccabees]] 9:73. In the time of [[Eusebius]] and Jerome, it was "a very large village, retaining its ancient name, and lying near [[Ramah]] in the district of Aelia (Jerusalem), at ten miles distance therefrom." [[Immediately]] below the village, the great wady spreads out to a considerable width - perhaps half a mile; and its bed is broken up into an intricate mass of hummocks and mounds, two of which, before the torrents of three thousand winters had reduced and rounded their forms, were, probably, the two "teeth of cliff" - the [[Bozes]] and [[Seneh]] of Jonathan's adventure. </p> | |||
== Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_52855" /> == | |||
<p> <strong> MICHMASH. </strong> A place (not enumerated as a town) in the territory of Benjamin, and in the mountains of Bethel. It comes into prominence in connexion with the daring raid made by [[Jonathan]] and his armour-bearer upon the [[Philistines]] there encamped ( 1 Samuel 13:1-23; 1 Samuel 14:1-52 ). It was one of the smaller places to which the returning exiles belonged, contributing only 122 men to the enumeration of Ezra ( Ezra 2:27 ) and Nehemiah ( Nehemiah 7:31 ) [in both these last two passages <strong> [[Michmas]] </strong> ]. Nehemiah further alludes to it as a border city of [[Benjamin]] ( Nehemiah 11:31 ). Indications of its position may be obtained from the Jonathan story and also from Isaiah’s picture of the course of an [[Assyrian]] raid ( Isaiah 10:28 ). These indications permit an identification of the site with the modern village of <em> Mukhmâs </em> , situated in a wild and desolate region near the head of the [[Wady]] Kelt. In 1 Kings 4:9 for <em> [[Makaz]] </em> the LXX [Note: Septuagint.] erroneously reads <em> [[Michmash]] </em> . For a time it was the seat of the government of Jonathan Maccabæus ( 1Ma 9:73 ). </p> <p> R. A. S. Macalister. </p> | |||
== American Tract Society Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_16621" /> == | == American Tract Society Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_16621" /> == | ||
<p> A town of Benjamin, nine miles north by east of Jerusalem, Nehemiah 7:31; 11:31 . It was a strong position and lay on the north side of a deep valley; for which reasons perhaps Sennacherib, on his way to Jerusalem, left his heavy equipage there, Isaiah 10:28,29 . In this deep valley, a little west of the town, are two steep hills or rocks, supposed to be the ones referred to in the account of Jonathan's achievement at "the passage of Michmash," 1 Samuel 13:23; 14:4 . Dr. Robinson found here a village called Mukhmas, which appeared to be the remnant of a town of some size and importance. </p> | <p> A town of Benjamin, nine miles north by east of Jerusalem, Nehemiah 7:31; 11:31 . It was a strong position and lay on the north side of a deep valley; for which reasons perhaps Sennacherib, on his way to Jerusalem, left his heavy equipage there, Isaiah 10:28,29 . In this deep valley, a little west of the town, are two steep hills or rocks, supposed to be the ones referred to in the account of Jonathan's achievement at "the passage of Michmash," 1 Samuel 13:23; 14:4 . Dr. Robinson found here a village called Mukhmas, which appeared to be the remnant of a town of some size and importance. </p> | ||
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== Easton's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_32630" /> == | == Easton's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_32630" /> == | ||
Ezra 2:27Isaiah 10:281 Samuel 13:23 <p> This was the scene of a great battle fought between the army of [[Saul]] and the Philistines, who were utterly routed and pursued for some 16 miles towards [[Philistia]] as far as the valley of Aijalon. "The freedom of [[Benjamin]] secured at [[Michmash]] led through long years of conflict to the freedom of all its kindred tribes." The power of Benjamin and its king now steadily increased. A new spirit and a new hope were now at work in Israel. (See [[Saul]] .) </p> | Ezra 2:27Isaiah 10:281 Samuel 13:23 <p> This was the scene of a great battle fought between the army of [[Saul]] and the Philistines, who were utterly routed and pursued for some 16 miles towards [[Philistia]] as far as the valley of Aijalon. "The freedom of [[Benjamin]] secured at [[Michmash]] led through long years of conflict to the freedom of all its kindred tribes." The power of Benjamin and its king now steadily increased. A new spirit and a new hope were now at work in Israel. (See [[Saul]] .) </p> | ||
== Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_42205" /> == | == Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_42205" /> == | ||
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== Hawker's Poor Man's Concordance And Dictionary <ref name="term_48189" /> == | == Hawker's Poor Man's Concordance And Dictionary <ref name="term_48189" /> == | ||
<p> A place about nine miles from Jerusalem. (1 Samuel 13:5) The name is supposed to be derived from Nacah, to strike. </p> | <p> A place about nine miles from Jerusalem. (1 Samuel 13:5) The name is supposed to be derived from Nacah, to strike. </p> | ||
== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_6359" /> == | == International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_6359" /> == | ||
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<references> | <references> | ||
<ref name="term_36660"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/fausset-s-bible-dictionary/michmash Michmash from Fausset's Bible Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_73757"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/smith-s-bible-dictionary/michmash Michmash from Smith's Bible Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_52855"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-bible/michmash Michmash from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_16621"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/american-tract-society-bible-dictionary/michmash Michmash from American Tract Society Bible Dictionary]</ref> | <ref name="term_16621"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/american-tract-society-bible-dictionary/michmash Michmash from American Tract Society Bible Dictionary]</ref> | ||
<ref name="term_32630"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/easton-s-bible-dictionary/michmash Michmash from Easton's Bible Dictionary]</ref> | <ref name="term_32630"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/easton-s-bible-dictionary/michmash Michmash from Easton's Bible Dictionary]</ref> | ||
<ref name="term_42205"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/holman-bible-dictionary/michmash Michmash from Holman Bible Dictionary]</ref> | <ref name="term_42205"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/holman-bible-dictionary/michmash Michmash from Holman Bible Dictionary]</ref> | ||
<ref name="term_48189"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hawker-s-poor-man-s-concordance-and-dictionary/michmash Michmash from Hawker's Poor Man's Concordance And Dictionary]</ref> | <ref name="term_48189"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hawker-s-poor-man-s-concordance-and-dictionary/michmash Michmash from Hawker's Poor Man's Concordance And Dictionary]</ref> | ||
<ref name="term_6359"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/michmash Michmash from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref> | <ref name="term_6359"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/michmash Michmash from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref> | ||
