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(Created page with "Iron <ref name="term_5034" /> <p> ''''' ı̄´ron ''''' ( יראון , <i> ''''' yir'ōn ''''' </i> ): One of the fenced cities in the territory of Naphtali, named with Migda...") |
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Iron <ref name="term_5034" /> | == Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_35937" /> == | ||
<p> (See CIVILIZATION.) Tubal-cain, 500 years after [[Adam]] according to [[Hebrew]] chronology, 1,000 according to Septuagint, was the first "instructor of every artificer in brass and iron." Previously flint, bone, and wood had been used for instruments and weapons. When nations by isolation from the centers of civilization retrograded, they fell back to a flint age, then ascended to bronze, so lastly to iron; as we trace in antiquarian relies in many European countries. The use of iron is of extreme antiquity. The Hindus have had for ages a process of smelting, simple and rude but effective. [[Canaan]] is described as "a land whose stones are iron" (Deuteronomy 8:9). Traces of ironworks are found on Lebanon. [[Argob]] contains abundant ironstone. [[Iron]] was among the spoils taken from [[Midian]] (Numbers 31:22), and was common in [[Egypt]] centuries before the Exodus. </p> <p> Axes, harrows, saws, nails, weapons, bars, gates, rods, pillars were of iron (2 Kings 6:5-6; 2 Samuel 12:31; 1 Chronicles 22:3; 1 Samuel 17:7). In the tombs of [[Thebes]] butchers are represented sharpening their knives on a blue bar of metal. The blue blades and the red bronze in the tomb of [[Rameses]] III imply that iron and steel were very anciently known in Egypt. The [[Philistines]] allowed no iron smiths in the land of the Hebrew, just as [[Porsena]] forbade iron, except for agriculture (Pliny, 34,39), to the Romans when subject to him (1 Samuel 13:19-22). Merchants of [[Dan]] and [[Javan]] (perhaps rather Vedan, now Aden, a [[Greek]] settlement in Arabia) supplied [[Tyre]] with polished or "bright iron." "Dan and Javan" may mean all peoples, whether near, as the [[Israelite]] Dan, or far off; as the [[Greeks]] or "Javan" conveyed these products to Tyre's markets. (See DAN.) </p> <p> In Jeremiah 15:12 "shall iron break the northern iron and the steel?" [[Rather]] "can common iron break the northern iron and copper combined into the hardest metal?" The northern Chalybes near the [[Euxine]] [[Pontus]] made this mixture like our steel. Jeremiah means, can the Jews, hardy though they be, break the still hardier [[Chaldees]] of the N.? The smith's work is described Isaiah 44:12. A "rod of iron" symbolizes the holy sternness with which the coming [[Judge]] and the saints with Him shall punish the wicked (Psalms 2:9; Revelation 2:27). </p> <p> Job 28:2 (margin) saith, "iron is taken out of the earth" or "dust," for the ore looks like mere "earth." Iron symbolizes the fourth kingdom in Nebuchadnezzar's vision (Daniel 2), namely, Rome. The metals of the image lessen in specific gravity as they go downward. Silver (Medo-Persia) is not so heavy as gold (Babylon), brass (Greece) not so heavy as silver, and iron not so heavy as brass; the weight being arranged in the reverse of stability. Like iron, [[Rome]] was strongest and hardiest in treading down the nations, but less kingly, the government depending on popular choice. As it "breaketh in pieces," so, in righteous retribution, itself will be "broken in pieces" at last by the kingdom of the Stone, [[Messiah]] the [[Rock]] (Daniel 2:40; Daniel 2:44; Revelation 13:10). </p> | |||
== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_5034" /> == | |||
<p> ''''' ı̄´ron ''''' ( יראון , <i> ''''' yir'ōn ''''' </i> ): One of the fenced cities in the territory of Naphtali, named with Migdal-el and En-hazor ( Joshua 19:38 ). It is represented by the modern <i> '''''Yārūn''''' </i> , a village with the ruins of a synagogue, at one time used as a monastery, fully 6 miles West of <i> '''''Ḳedes''''' </i> . </p> | <p> ''''' ı̄´ron ''''' ( יראון , <i> ''''' yir'ōn ''''' </i> ): One of the fenced cities in the territory of Naphtali, named with Migdal-el and En-hazor ( Joshua 19:38 ). It is represented by the modern <i> '''''Yārūn''''' </i> , a village with the ruins of a synagogue, at one time used as a monastery, fully 6 miles West of <i> '''''Ḳedes''''' </i> . </p> | ||
== Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_45295" /> == | |||
<p> (Heb. Yiron', יַרְאוֹן , place of alarm; Sept. Ι᾿ερών ), one of the "fenced" cities of Naphtali, mentioned between En-hazor and Migdal-el (Joshua 19:38). [[De]] Saulcy (Narrat. 2, 382) thinks it may be the Yaroun marked in Zimmerman's map north-west of Safed, the Yaron observed by Dr. Robinson (new ed. of Researches, 3. 61, 62, notes). [[Van]] de Velde likewise remarks that it is "now Yarun, a village of Belad Besharah. On the north- east side of the place are the foundations and other remains of the ancient city" (Memoir, p. 322). </p> | |||
==References == | ==References == | ||
<references> | <references> | ||
<ref name="term_35937"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/fausset-s-bible-dictionary/iron+(2) Iron from Fausset's Bible Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_5034"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/iron+(2) Iron from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref> | <ref name="term_5034"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/iron+(2) Iron from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref> | ||
<ref name="term_45295"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/iron+(2) Iron from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref> | |||
</references> | </references> | ||
