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== American Tract Society Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_16188" /> == | |||
<p> | <p> An ancient town or place of the [[Philistines]] in the times of [[Abraham]] and Isaac, [[Genesis]] 10:19 20:1 26:1,6,17 . It lay not far from Gaza, in the south of Judah, but its exact site is now unknown. See 2 Chronicles 14:13,14 . </p> | ||
== Easton's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_31695" /> == | |||
[[Genesis]] 10:1920:1,22 Chronicles 14:12-18Genesis 26:12Genesis 26:17 | |||
== Fausset's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_35551" /> == | |||
<p> [[Chief]] city of the [[Philistines]] in Abraham's and Isaac's time; now Khirbet el Gerar. The fertile region between the two deserts of [[Kadesh]] and Shut; resorted to therefore by [[Abraham]] and [[Isaac]] in time of famine. On the southern border of Canaan, near [[Gaza]] and [[Beersheba]] (Genesis 10:19; [[Genesis]] 20:1; Genesis 26:1-26). [[Near]] the deep wady Jurf el Gerar, "the rapid of Gerar" (2 Chronicles 14:13-14.) The people were pastoral in the times of Abraham, but warlike, with a regular "chief captain of the army," [[Phichol]] (the "mouth of all," implying a commanding voice as commander-in-chief. [[Abimelech]] ("father of kings," implying an hereditary not an elective monarchy) was the common royal title (Psalm 34 title, compare the margin). Condor (Palestine Exploration, August, 1875) identifies it rather with Tel-Jema, an enormous mound covered with broken pottery, immediately S. of Khirbet el Gerar. The name, lost to this the proper site, lingers in the neighboring Khirbet el Gerar. </p> | |||
== Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_40368" /> == | |||
[[Genesis]] 20:1Genesis 26:1Genesis 10:119:11 Chronicles 4:39-402 Chronicles 14:13-14 | |||
== Hitchcock's Bible Names <ref name="term_45696" /> == | |||
== Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_51186" /> == | |||
<p> <strong> GERAR </strong> . A place mentioned in [[Genesis]] 10:19 in the boundary of the [[Canaanite]] territory near Gaza, wheres [[Abraham]] sojourned and came in contact with a certain ‘Abimelech king of Gerar’ ( Genesis 20:1 ). A similar experience is recorded of [[Isaac]] ( Genesis 26:1 ), but the stories are evidently not independent. [[Gerar]] reappears only in 2 Chronicles 14:13-14 , in the description of the rout of the [[Ethiopians]] by Asa, in which Gerar was the limit of the pursuit. [[Eusebius]] makes Gerar 25 [[Roman]] miles S. of Eleutheropolis; hence it has been sought at <em> Umm el-Jerâr </em> , 6 miles S. of Gaza. This, however, seems a comparatively modern site and name. Possibly there were two Gerars: the Abrahamic Gerar has also been identified with <em> [[Wady]] Jerâr </em> , 13 miles W. S. W. from Kadesh. The problem, like that of the mention of [[Philistines]] in connexion with this place in the time of Abraham, has not yet been solved. </p> <p> R. A. S. Macalister. </p> | |||
== Morrish Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_66229" /> == | |||
<p> [[Ancient]] city on the south of [[Gaza]] in the possession of the Philistines. It was visited by both [[Abraham]] and Isaac. [[Genesis]] 10:19; Genesis 20:1,2; Genesis 26:1-26; 2 Chronicles 14:13,14 . Identified with ruins at <i> Umm Jerrar </i> , 31 25' N, 34 26' E . </p> | |||
== People's Dictionary of the Bible <ref name="term_70127" /> == | |||
<p> [[Gerar]] (gç'rär). residence, or water-pots. A city and district in the south of Palestine, and near Gaza, [[Genesis]] 10:19; visited by Abraham, Genesis 20:1; by Isaac, Genesis 26:1; [[Asa]] pursued the defeated [[Ethiopians]] to it. 2 Chronicles 14:13. </p> | |||
== Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary <ref name="term_80745" /> == | |||
<p> a royal city of the Philistines, situate not far from the angle where the south and west sides of [[Palestine]] meet. </p> | |||
== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia <ref name="term_4244" /> == | |||
<p> ''''' gē´rar ''''' ( גּררר , <i> ''''' gerār ''''' </i> , "circle," "region"; Γεραρά , <i> ''''' Gerará ''''' </i> ): A town in the [[Philistine]] plain South of [[Gaza]] ( [[Genesis]] 10:19 ), where both [[Abraham]] and [[Isaac]] ' sojourned for a time, and where they came into contact with Abimelech, king of [[Gerar]] (Gen 20 and 26, <i> passim </i> ). The place has not been fully identified, but the site is probably in one of the branches of <i> '''''Wady Sheri‛a''''' </i> , at a place called <i> '''''Um Jerrâr''''' </i> , near the coast Southwest of Gaza and 9 miles from it ( <i> SWP </i> , III, 389-90). The site answers fairly well to the statements of [[Eusebius]] and Jerome, Eusebius, <i> Onomasticon </i> , that it was 25 (Roman) miles South of [[Eleutheropolis]] ( <i> '''''Beit Jibrı̂n''''' </i> ). It is actually 30 English miles, but distances were not very accurately determined in early times. Gerar was known in the first 5 centuries ad, when it was the seat of a bishopric, and its bishop, Marcian, attended the [[Council]] of [[Chalcedon]] 451 ad, It was also the seat of a monastery. </p> <p> The statements in Gen indicate that Gerar belonged to the Philistines, and we are led to infer that [[Abimelech]] was king of that people, but it is quite certain that they did not occupy this region until after the time of Abraham, in fact only a short time before the Exodus. It is probable, however, that the writer of Gen would refer to the country as it was known in his day. The town certainly existed in the Philistine period, for it is mentioned in connection with Asa, who defeated the [[Ethiopian]] host under Zerar and pursued them in their flight unto <i> ''''' Gerār ''''' </i> ( 2 Chronicles 14:13 ). Besides the locality of <i> '''''Um Jerrâr''''' </i> , another place in the vicinity known as Jurf el-Jerrar has been thought by some to be the site of Gerar. <i> '''''Jerrar''''' </i> in Arabic means "jars," and it is doubtful whether it represents the [[Hebrew]] <i> '''''Gerār''''' </i> ̌ . <i> '''''Jurf''''' </i> means usually "steep declivity," or "precipice," and at the place mentioned many fragments of pottery were found, but this does not necessarily indicate the site of an ancient town. The site of <i> '''''Gerār''''' </i> is discussed in Thomson's <i> LB </i> , I, 196-99 (ed. 1882); Robinson's <i> BR </i> , II, 43-44; <i> PEFS </i> , 1871, 84; 1875, 162-64; 1881, 38. </p> | |||
== Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature <ref name="term_15740" /> == | |||
<p> Ge´rar, a town and district on the southernmost borders of Palestine, in the country of the Philistines, and not far from Gaza. It was visited by [[Abraham]] after the destruction of [[Sodom]] , and by [[Isaac]] when there was a dearth in the rest of [[Canaan]] . The incidents of their sojourn show that the district was very fertile. It was the seat of the first [[Philistine]] kingdom we read of, and gave name to it. The intercourse, differences, and alliances of the [[Hebrew]] fathers with the king and people of [[Gerar]] form a very curious and interesting portion of patriarchal history. It was still an important place in later times, as we may gather from . According to the ancient accounts Gerar lay in or near a valley, which appears to be no other than the great. [[Wady]] Sheriah (or one of the branches of it), that comes down from Beersheba; besides we know that it was in the land of the Philistines, and that it was not far from [[Beersheba]] when Isaac resided there (;;; [[Genesis]] 26-33; comp. 20:1). The name continued to exist (perhaps as a matter of tradition) for several centuries after the [[Christian]] era, but no traces of it can now be found. </p> | |||
== Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature <ref name="term_41293" /> == | |||
<p> (Hebo Gerar', גְּרָר, according to Simonis a lodging-place, according to others from the Arabic water-pots, but more prob. with Fü rst, a region, as being the center of a distinct [[Philistine]] kingdom; Sept. and [[Josephus]] [τὰ ] Γέραρα ), a very ancient town and district on the southernmost borders of Palestine, in the country of the Philistines, and not far from Gaza. It was visited by [[Abraham]] after the destruction of [[Sodom]] (Genesis 20:1), and by [[Isaac]] when there was a dearth in the rest of [[Canaan]] (Genesis 26:1). The intercourse, differences, and alliances of the [[Hebrew]] fathers with the king and people of [[Gerar]] form a very curious and interesting portion of patriarchal history (Thomson, Land and Book, 2:350). (See [[Isaac]]). In [[Genesis]] the people are spoken of as Philistines; but their habits appear, in that early stage, more pastoral than they subsequently were. [[Yet]] they are even then warlike, since Ablmelech had "a captain of the host," who appears from his fixed title, "Phichol," like that of the king, "Abimelech," to be a permanent officer (comp. Genesis 21:32; Genesis 26:26; and Psalms 34, title). (See [[Abimelech]]). The local description, 21:1, "between [[Kadesh]] and Shun," is probably meant to indicate the limits within which these pastoral Philistines, whose chief seat was then Gerar, ranged, although it would by no means follow that their territory embraced all the interval between those cities. It must have trenched on the "south" or "south country" of later Palestine. From a comparison of 21:32 with 26:23, 26, [[Beersheba]] would seem to be just on the verge of this territory; and perhaps to be its limit towards the N.E. For its southern boundary, though very uncertain, none is more probable than the wadys El-Arish ("River of Egypt") and El-'Ain; south of which the neighboring "wilderness of Paran" (20:15; 21:22, 34) may probably be reckoned to begin. Isaac was most probably born in Gerar. The great crops which he subsequently raised attest the fertility of the soil, which, lying in the maritime plain, still contains some of the best ground in [[Palestine]] (21:2; 26:12). It was still an important place in later times, as we may gather from 1 Chronicles 14:13-14. According to the ancient accounts, Gerar lay in or near a valley ("the valley of Gerar," Genesis 26:17; comp. 1 Samuel 15:5), which appears to be no other than the great wady Sheriah (or one of the branches of it) that comes down from Beersheba; besides, we know that it was in the land of thee Philistines, and that it was not far from Beersheba when Isaac resided there (Genesis 26:1; Genesis 26:20; Genesis 26:23; Genesis 26-33; comp. 20:1). The name continued to exist (perhaps as a matter of tradition) for several centuries after the [[Christian]] neia. [[Eusebius]] and [[Jerome]] (Onomast. s.v. Gerar) place it twenty-five [[Roman]] miles southward from Eleuteropolis; and Sozomen (Hist. Eccles. 6:32; 9:17) reports that a large and celebrated monastery stood there, near a winter torrent. The abbot Silsanus resided there towards the end of the 4th century, and the name of Marcion, bishop of Gerar, appears among the signatures of the [[Council]] of Chalceadon in A.D. 451. In the Talmudical writings the district is termed Gerarki (Schwatz, Palestine, page 109). The name seems to have been afterwards lost, and Dr. Robinson (Researches, 1:279; 2:383) was unable to discover any traces of it is the locality; but he unnecessarily disparages the claims of wady El- Jerur, which runs into the wady El-Arish at Jebel el-Helal, to be regarded as a southern-most trace of the ancient kingdom (Jour. Sac. Lit. July 1860, pages 309-319). It is possible that the wells mentioned by him as lying in the shallow wady El-Kusaimeh, in the same neighborhood (1:280), may represent those digged by Abraham and reopened by Isaac (Genesis 26:18-22). J. Rowlands, in traveling froes [[Gaza]] to Khulassah, came after 3 hours' march to a broad, deep wady, Jurf el-Gerar, a little below its junction with a branch-valley from wadey Sheriah. [[Near]] this junction are ruins called Khurbet el-Geaar (Williams, [[Holy]] City, 1845, App. pages 488- 492), which he identifies with Gerar. This account [[Van]] de Velde heard confirmed by the people of Gaza, with a slighbt modification (Narrative, 2:183). There are no ruins yet standing, but scattered stones which appear to have been once used in buildings; and in the absence of old wells, it would seem as if the ancient city bad been supplied fronc some spring. Stewart's suggestion of the ruins of El-Abdeh (Tent and Khan, page 207) is out of the question (Van de Velde, Memoir, page 314). In 1 Chronicles 4:39, the Sept. substitutes Gerar (Γέραρα ) for [[Gedor]] (q.v.). </p> | |||
==References == | ==References == | ||
<references> | <references> | ||
<ref name="term_16188"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/american-tract-society-bible-dictionary/gerar Gerar from American Tract Society Bible Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_31695"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/easton-s-bible-dictionary/gerar Gerar from Easton's Bible Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_35551"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/fausset-s-bible-dictionary/gerar Gerar from Fausset's Bible Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_40368"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/holman-bible-dictionary/gerar Gerar from Holman Bible Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_45696"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hitchcock-s-bible-names/gerar Gerar from Hitchcock's Bible Names]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_51186"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hastings-dictionary-of-the-bible/gerar Gerar from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_66229"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/morrish-bible-dictionary/gerar Gerar from Morrish Bible Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_70127"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/people-s-dictionary-of-the-bible/gerar Gerar from People's Dictionary of the Bible]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_80745"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/watson-s-biblical-theological-dictionary/gerar Gerar from Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_4244"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/gerar Gerar from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref> | <ref name="term_4244"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/international-standard-bible-encyclopedia/gerar Gerar from International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]</ref> | ||
<ref name="term_15740"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/kitto-s-popular-cyclopedia-of-biblial-literature/gerar Gerar from Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblial Literature]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_41293"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/cyclopedia-of-biblical-theological-and-ecclesiastical-literature/gerar Gerar from Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature]</ref> | |||
</references> | </references> | ||
