Difference between revisions of "Deputy"

<p> ("proconsul" or "propraetor"); [[Greek]] anthupatos . The supreme governor of the provinces left by the emperors, still under the [[Roman]] senate (Acts 13:7; Acts 19:38, plural for singular). The emperor gave the peaceable provinces to the senate. Over these the senate appointed those who had been praetors; governing only one year; having no power of life and death, not wearing sword or military costume (Dion. Cass., 53:13-14). </p> <p> [[Achaia]] had been imperial, governed by a procurator, but was restored to the senate by [[Claudius]] (Tacitus, Annals 1:76; Suet., Claud., 25). So [[Gallio]] is rightly named "proconsul" or "deputy" (Acts 18:12). [[Cyprus]] after the battle of [[Actium]] was an imperial province (Dion. Cuss., 53:12), but five years later was given to the senate and had a deputy; so, Acts 13:7-8; Acts 13:12 is accurate. A coin of Ephesus, in the senate's province of Asia, illustrates the use of "deputies" in Acts 19:38. </p>

<p> <strong> DEPUTY </strong> . <strong> 1. </strong> AV [Note: Authorized Version.] of Esther 8:9; Esther 9:3 (RV [Note: Revised Version.] ‘governor’) as tr. [Note: translate or translation.] of <em> pechâh </em> . See Governor. <strong> 2. </strong> AV [Note: Authorized Version.] of Acts 13:7-8; Acts 13:12; Acts 18:12; Acts 19:38 (RV [Note: Revised Version.] ‘proconsul’) as tr. [Note: translate or translation.] of Gr. <em> anthupatos </em> . See Proconsul. <strong> 3. </strong> RV [Note: Revised Version.] of Jeremiah 51:23; Jeremiah 51:28 (AV [Note: Authorized Version.] ‘ruler’), Daniel 3:2-3; Daniel 6:7 (AV [Note: Authorized Version.] ‘governor’) as tr. [Note: translate or translation.] of <em> sâgân </em> or its Aram. [Note: Aramaic.] equivalent. The term denotes in these passages a superior official or prefect of the [[Babylonian]] Empire. It is applied elsewhere ( Ezra 9:2 , Nehemiah 2:16; Nehemiah 4:14; Nehemiah 4:19 etc.) to petty officials in [[Judah]] (EV [Note: English Version.] ‘rulers,’ RVm [Note: Revised Version margin.] ‘deputies’). <strong> 4. </strong> AV [Note: Authorized Version.] and RV [Note: Revised Version.] of 1 Kings 22:47 as tr. [Note: translate or translation.] of <em> nizzâb </em> (lit. ‘one set up or appointed’), used of the vassal-king of Edom. </p>

<p> This is the Authorized Versiontranslation of ἀνθύπατος, the Gr. equivalent of <i> pro consule </i> , ‘proconsul’ ( <i> q.v. [Note: quod vide, which see.] </i> ). In NT times ‘proconsul’ was the name given to the governor of a senatorial province-that is, a province under the supervision of the [[Roman]] Senate, which appointed the governors. In the NT the following senatorial provinces are referred to as under proconsuls: Asia, governed by an ex-consul, called proconsul, a province of the highest class, and [[Cyprus]] and Achaia, each governed by an ex-praetor, also called proconsul, provinces of the second class. </p> <p> A. Souter. </p>

<p> '''''dep´ū̇''''' -'''''ti''''' : This is the correct rendering of נצב , <i> '''''nicābh''''' </i> (1 Kings 22:47 ). In Esther 8:9 and Esther 9:3 the term improperly represents סגן , <i> '''''ṣāghān''''' </i> , in the King James Version, and is corrected to "governor" in the Revised Version (British and American). In the New [[Testament]] "deputy" represents ἀνθύπατος , <i> '''''anthúpatos''''' </i> (Acts 13:7 , Acts 13:8 , Acts 13:12; Acts 18:12; Acts 19:38 ), which the Revised Version (British and American) correctly renders "proconsul" (which see). The [[Roman]] proconsuls were officers invested with consular power over a district outside the city, usually for one year. Originally they were retiring consuls, but after [[Augustus]] the title was given to governors of senatorial provinces, whether they had held the office of consul or not. The proconsul exercised judicial as well as military power in his province, and his authority was absolute, except as he might be held accountable at the expiration of his office. See [[Government]] . </p>

<p> stands in our version as a translation of two Heb. and one [[Greek]] term. </p> <p> 1. This rendering occurs in 1 Kings 22:47, of the נַצָּב, nitstsab' (literally set over), or praefect, apparently constituted a sheik by common consent of the Edomitish clans prior to royalty. See DUKE. It is also spoken of the "officers" or chiefs of the commissariat appointed by [[Solomon]] (1 Kings 4:5, etc.) (See [[Purveyor]]). </p> <p> 2. The same rendering occurs in Esther 8:9; Esther 9:3, of the פֶּחָה, pechah' (pehhah, a Sanscrit term, whence the modern pasha), or [[Persian]] prosfect on this side the Euphrates; applied also to the "governors" of inferior rank in the Assyrian, Babylonian, and [[Median]] empires, and even to the governor of Jerusalem. (See [[Governor]]). </p> <p> 3. [[Proconsul]] (ἀνθύπατος ) was the proper title of the governor of a [[Roman]] province when appointed by the senate. (See [[Province]]). [[Several]] such are mentioned in the Acts, viz. [[Sergius]] [[Paulus]] in [[Cyprus]] (8:7, 8, 12), [[Gallio]] in [[Achaia]] (18:12), and the chief officer of Achaia, whose court is indefinitely referred to in ch. 19:38, by the use of the plural (see Smith's Dict. of Class. Antiq. s.v. Proconsul). (See [[Proconsul]]). </p>