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(Created page with "Chaldea <ref name="term_70576" /> <p> Ancient name for Babylonia. </p> ==References == <references> <ref name="term_70576"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/the-nutt...") |
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Chaldea <ref name="term_70576" /> | == American Tract Society Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_15821" /> == | ||
<p> A country in Asia, the capital of which, in its widest extent, was Babylon. It was originally of small extent; but the empire being afterwards very much enlarged, the name is generally taken in a more extensive sense, and includes Babylonia, which see. </p> | |||
== Bridgeway Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_18465" /> == | |||
<p> [[Ancient]] [[Babylonia]] was occupied largely by people belonging to two racial groups, the Sumerians and the Amorites. [[In]] addition smaller tribal groups were scattered throughout the region. The most important of the smaller groups were the Chaldeans, who lived in the south of [[Babylon]] around the lower reaches of the [[Euphrates]] and [[Tigris]] Rivers. </p> <p> In the time before Abraham, the [[Babylonian]] rulers were mainly of [[Sumerian]] descent and their capital was the [[Chaldean]] city of Ur, from which [[Abraham]] originally came (Genesis 11:28; Acts 7:4). [[About]] 2000 BC [[Babylonians]] of [[Amorite]] descent overthrew the dynasty in [[Ur]] and established a new capital at the city of Babylon. (For a map of the region and further details of Babylon’s history see BABYLON.) </p> <p> [[Many]] centuries later, during the period covered by the biblical books of Kings, a Babylonian of Chaldean descent seized the throne in Babylon (about 720 BC). [[Chaldeans]] continued to rule till Babylon was overthrown by [[Persia]] in 539 BC. [[As]] a result of this Chaldean domination, the practice arose of using ‘Chaldea’ as a name for the land of Babylon as a whole, and ‘Chaldeans’ as a name for Babylonians in general (Isaiah 13:19; [[Isaiah]] 47:1; Isaiah 48:14; Isaiah 48:20; [[Jeremiah]] 25:12; [[Daniel]] 5:30; Daniel 9:1). </p> <p> The word ‘Chaldeans’ had also a more technical meaning, which had passed down from ancient times when certain Chaldeans became famous as astrologers, priests and wise men. This is the sense in which the [[Bible]] uses the name in the expression ‘magicians, enchanters, Chaldeans and astrologers’ (Daniel 4:7; Daniel 5:7; Daniel 5:11). </p> | |||
== Easton's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_30869" /> == | |||
[[Jeremiah]] 50:1051:24,35 <p> The country so named is a vast plain formed by the deposits of the [[Euphrates]] and the Tigris, extending to about 400 miles along the course of these rivers, and about 100 miles in average breadth. "In former days the vast plains of [[Babylon]] were nourished by a complicated system of canals and water-courses, which spread over the surface of the country like a network. The wants of a teeming population were supplied by a rich soil, not less bountiful than that on the banks of the [[Egyptian]] Nile. Like islands rising from a golden sea of waving corn stood frequent groves of palm-trees and pleasant gardens, affording to the idler or traveller their grateful and highly-valued shade. Crowds of passengers hurried along the dusty roads to and from the busy city. The land was rich in corn and wine." </p> <p> [[Recent]] discoveries, more especially in Babylonia, have thrown much light on the history of the [[Hebrew]] patriarchs, and have illustrated or confirmed the [[Biblical]] narrative in many points. The ancestor of the Hebrew people, Abram, was, we are told, born at "Ur of the Chaldees." "Chaldees" is a mistranslation of the Hebrew <i> Kasdim </i> , Kasdim being the [[Old]] [[Testament]] name of the Babylonians, while the [[Chaldees]] were a tribe who lived on the shores of the [[Persian]] Gulf, and did not become a part of the [[Babylonian]] population till the time of Hezekiah. [[Ur]] was one of the oldest and most famous of the Babylonian cities. Its site is now called Mugheir, or Mugayyar, on the western bank of the Euphrates, in [[Southern]] Babylonia. [[About]] a century before the birth of [[Abram]] it was ruled by a powerful dynasty of kings. Their conquests extended to [[Elam]] on the one side, and to the [[Lebanon]] on the other. They were followed by a dynasty of princes whose capital was Babylon, and who seem to have been of [[South]] [[Arabian]] origin. The founder of the dynasty was Sumu-abi ("Shem is my father"). But soon afterwards [[Babylonia]] fell under [[Elamite]] dominion. The kings of Babylon were compelled to acknowledge the supremacy of Elam, and a rival kingdom to that of Babylon, and governed by Elamites, sprang up at Larsa, not far from Ur, but on the opposite bank of the river. [[In]] the time of Abram the king of Larsa was Eri-Aku, the son of an Elamite prince, and Eri-Aku, as has long been recognized, is the Biblical "Arioch king of Ellasar" ( [[Genesis]] 14:1 ). The contemporaneous king of Babylon in the north, in the country termed [[Shinar]] in Scripture, was Khammu-rabi. (See BABYLON; ABRAHAM; AMRAPHEL .) </p> | |||
== Holman Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_39401" /> == | |||
<p> The [[Chaldeans]] [[In]] [[Old]] [[Testament]] times different peoples occupied southeastern [[Mesopotamia]] at various times. [[One]] such group was the Chaldeans, whose name derives from the ancient term <i> Kaldai </i> , which refers to several [[Aramean]] tribes who moved into lower Mesopotamia between 1000,900 B.C. Their new homeland was a flat, alluvial plain of few natural resources, many marshes, spring flooding, and very hot summers. </p> <p> [[Relation]] to [[Babylonia]] At first the Chaldeans lived in tribal settlements, rejecting the urban society of the [[Babylonians]] to the northwest—so-called after the leading city-state of the region, Babylon, to which the Old Testament refers over 300 times. [[Babylon]] was once the capital city of the great [[King]] [[Hammurabi]] (ca. 1763-1750 B.C.), remembered for the empire he created, and for the famous law code which bears his name. </p> <p> [[As]] time passed, the Chaldeans gradually acquired domination in Babylonia. In the process they also took on the title “Babylonians,” or more exactly, “Neo-Babylonians.” As a result, the terms <i> Chaldea(ns) </i> and <i> (Neo-) Babylonia(ns) </i> may be used interchangeably ( [[Ezekiel]] 1:3 , RSV, NIV; Ezekiel 12:13 , NIV). [[See]] [[History And [[Religion]] [[Of]] Babylon]] . </p> <p> In the eighth century B.C., the Chaldeans emerged as the champions of resistance against Assyria, a dangerous, aggressive imperial force in upper Mesopotamia. At this time the Chaldeans begin to appear in the Old Testament, first, as possible allies with [[Judah]] against Assyria, but later, as a direct threat to Judah and Jerusalem. </p> <p> [[Tony]] M. [[Martin]] </p> | |||
== Hitchcock's Bible Names <ref name="term_45361" /> == | |||
== Hawker's Poor Man's Concordance And Dictionary <ref name="term_47606" /> == | |||
<p> [[See]] [[Babylon]] </p> | |||
== Morrish Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_65473" /> == | |||
<p> This was strictly the southern part of Babylonia, but the many references in scripture to the [[Chaldeans]] show that the inhabitants of the whole of [[Babylonia]] are alluded to by that name. [[Perhaps]] [[Ur]] is the only place in [[Chaldea]] proper to which scripture definitely refers. This was apparently a maritime city, which agrees with the country extending to the [[Persian]] Gulf; but the [[Gulf]] has receded far from where the river once joined it. The land of [[Shinar]] adjoined Chaldea on the north, in which were the early cities of Babel, Erech, [[Accad]] and Calneh. [[Genesis]] 10:10 . The whole district was situate between the rivers [[Tigris]] and the Euphrates, but extended west of the latter. It was anciently well watered by canals, and is judged to have been productive. [[Herodotus]] says mounds, were built where the river once spread like a sea through the whole plain. Now all is desolation, some parts very dry, and others a mere swamp, with lines of mounds in various directions. The prophecies declared that it would be so, but as stated above, they refer to the whole of Babylonia. [[Jeremiah]] 1:10; Jeremiah 51:24,35; [[Ezekiel]] 11:24; Ezekiel 16:29; Ezekiel 23:15,16 . </p> | |||
== Smith's Bible Dictionary <ref name="term_71936" /> == | |||
<p> Chalde'a. More correctly Chaldae'a, the ancient name of a country of [[Asia]] bordering on the [[Persian]] Gulf. [[Chaldea]] proper was the southern part of Babylonia, and is used, in Scripture, to signify that vast alluvial plain which has been formed by the deposits of the [[Euphrates]] and the Tigris. This extraordinary flat, unbroken except by the works of man, extends for a distance of 400 miles along the course of the rivers, and is, on an average, about 100 miles in width. </p> <p> [[In]] addition to natural advantages, these plains were nourished by a complicated system of canals, and vegetation flourished bountifully. Chaldea is said to be the only country in the world where wheat grows wild. [[Herodotus]] declared, (i. 193), that grain commonly returned two hundred fold to the sower, and occasionally, three hundred fold. </p> <p> Cities. - [[Babylonia]] has long been celebrated for the number and antiquity of its cities. The most important of those which have been identified are Borsippa (Birs-Nimrun), Sippara or [[Sepharvaim]] (Mosaib), [[Cutha]] (Ibrahim), [[Calneh]] (Niffer), [[Erech]] (Warka), [[Ur]] (Mugheir), [[Chilmad]] (Kalwadha), Larancha (Senkereh), Is (Hit), Durabe (Akkerkuf); but besides these, there were a multitude of others, the sites of which have not been determined. </p> <p> [[Present]] condition. - This land, once so rich in corn and wine, is to-day, but a mass of mounds, "an arid waste; the dense population of former times is vanished, and no man dwells there." The [[Hebrew]] prophets applied the term, "land of the Chaldeans," to all Babylonia and, "Chaldeans," to all the subjects of the [[Babylonian]] empire. </p> | |||
== Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary <ref name="term_80501" /> == | |||
<p> or Babylonia, the country lying on both sides of the Euphrates, of which [[Babylon]] was the capital; and extending southward to the [[Persian]] Gulf, and northward into Mesopotamia, at least as far as Ur, which is called [[Ur]] of the Chaldees. This country had also the name of Shinar. [[See]] BABYLON . </p> | |||
== The Nuttall Encyclopedia <ref name="term_70576" /> == | |||
<p> [[Ancient]] name for Babylonia. </p> | <p> [[Ancient]] name for Babylonia. </p> | ||
==References == | ==References == | ||
<references> | <references> | ||
<ref name="term_15821"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/american-tract-society-bible-dictionary/chaldea Chaldea from American Tract Society Bible Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_18465"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/bridgeway-bible-dictionary/chaldea Chaldea from Bridgeway Bible Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_30869"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/easton-s-bible-dictionary/chaldea Chaldea from Easton's Bible Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_39401"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/holman-bible-dictionary/chaldea Chaldea from Holman Bible Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_45361"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hitchcock-s-bible-names/chaldea Chaldea from Hitchcock's Bible Names]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_47606"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/hawker-s-poor-man-s-concordance-and-dictionary/chaldea Chaldea from Hawker's Poor Man's Concordance And Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_65473"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/morrish-bible-dictionary/chaldea Chaldea from Morrish Bible Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_71936"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/smith-s-bible-dictionary/chaldea Chaldea from Smith's Bible Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_80501"> [https://bibleportal.com/dictionary/watson-s-biblical-theological-dictionary/chaldea Chaldea from Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary]</ref> | |||
<ref name="term_70576"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/the-nuttall-encyclopedia/chaldea Chaldea from The Nuttall Encyclopedia]</ref> | <ref name="term_70576"> [https://bibleportal.com/encyclopedia/the-nuttall-encyclopedia/chaldea Chaldea from The Nuttall Encyclopedia]</ref> | ||
</references> | </references> | ||
